Trypsin-Like Activity in Oral Cavity Is Associated with Risk of Fever Onset in Older Residents of Nursing Homes: An 8-Month Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Pilot Study

This study aimed to evaluate the association between trypsin-like activity in the oral cavity and the onset of fever in independent older residents of nursing homes. Independent older residents aged ≥ 65 years in 10 nursing homes were included in this study, which was conducted in Kitakyushu, Japan. For 8 months, follow-up dates on which the body temperatures of participants were more than 37.2 °C were noted. Trypsin-like activity in the oral cavity was detected by ADCHECK® with five-grade evaluation at baseline. Data from 53 independent participants with median age 89.0 (67–102) years were available for analysis. ADCHECK® scores were associated with fever days (r = 0.312, p = 0.029). The average periods until the onset of fever in participants with ADCHECK® Scores 1 and 2, Score 3, and Scores 4 and 5 were 6.6 ± 0.5, 5.0 ± 0.7, and 4.1 ± 1.0 months, respectively. ADCHECK® Scores 4 and 5 signified a higher risk of fever compared to ADCHECK® Scores 1 and 2 (hazards ratio 9.8, 95% confidence interval 1.5–65.7, p = 0.034), adjusted for possible confounders. We concluded that trypsin-like activity in the oral cavity was associated with the risk of fever in independent older residents of nursing homes.

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Body Image Disturbance in Surgically Treated Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599819835534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 161 (1) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Evan M. Graboyes ◽

Elizabeth G. Hill ◽

Courtney H. Marsh ◽

Stacey Maurer ◽

Terry A. Day ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Image ◽

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

The Body ◽

Body Image Disturbance ◽

Patient Reported

This prospective cohort pilot study sought to characterize the short-term temporal trajectory of, and risk factors for, body image disturbance (BID) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Most patients were male (35/56), had oral cavity cancer (33/56), and underwent microvascular reconstruction (37/56). Using the Body Image Scale (BIS), a validated patient-reported outcome measure of BID, the prevalence of BID (BIS ≥10) increased from 11% preoperatively to 25% at 1 month postoperatively and 27% at 3 months posttreatment ( P < .001 and P = .0014 relative to baseline, respectively). Risk factors for BID included female sex (odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-19.8), pT 3 to 4 tumors (OR, 8.9; 95% CI, 2.0-63.7), and more severe baseline shame and stigma (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13), depression (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06-1.51), and social isolation (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.49). The prevalence and severity of BID increase immediately posttreatment. Demographic, oncologic, and psychosocial characteristics identify high-risk patients for targeted interventions.

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Risks of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in meat eaters, fish eaters, and vegetarians over 18 years of follow-up: results from the prospective EPIC-Oxford study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.l4897 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. l4897 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Tammy Y N Tong ◽

Paul N Appleby ◽

Kathryn E Bradbury ◽

Aurora Perez-Cornago ◽

Ruth C Travis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Incident Cases

Abstract Objective To examine the associations of vegetarianism with risks of ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting The EPIC-Oxford study, a cohort in the United Kingdom with a large proportion of non-meat eaters, recruited across the country between 1993 and 2001. Participants 48 188 participants with no history of ischaemic heart disease, stroke, or angina (or cardiovascular disease) were classified into three distinct diet groups: meat eaters (participants who consumed meat, regardless of whether they consumed fish, dairy, or eggs; n=24 428), fish eaters (consumed fish but no meat; n=7506), and vegetarians including vegans (n=16 254), based on dietary information collected at baseline, and subsequently around 2010 (n=28 364). Main outcome measures Incident cases of ischaemic heart disease and stroke (including ischaemic and haemorrhagic types) identified through record linkage until 2016. Results Over 18.1 years of follow-up, 2820 cases of ischaemic heart disease and 1072 cases of total stroke (519 ischaemic stroke and 300 haemorrhagic stroke) were recorded. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle confounders, fish eaters and vegetarians had 13% (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.99) and 22% (0.78, 0.70 to 0.87) lower rates of ischaemic heart disease than meat eaters, respectively (P<0.001 for heterogeneity). This difference was equivalent to 10 fewer cases of ischaemic heart disease (95% confidence interval 6.7 to 13.1 fewer) in vegetarians than in meat eaters per 1000 population over 10 years. The associations for ischaemic heart disease were partly attenuated after adjustment for self reported high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and body mass index (hazard ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.00 in vegetarians with all adjustments). By contrast, vegetarians had 20% higher rates of total stroke (hazard ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.40) than meat eaters, equivalent to three more cases of total stroke (95% confidence interval 0.8 to 5.4 more) per 1000 population over 10 years, mostly due to a higher rate of haemorrhagic stroke. The associations for stroke did not attenuate after further adjustment of disease risk factors. Conclusions In this prospective cohort in the UK, fish eaters and vegetarians had lower rates of ischaemic heart disease than meat eaters, although vegetarians had higher rates of haemorrhagic and total stroke.

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Swallowing function and the incidence of fever in older residents with special care needs: a one-year longitudinal prospective study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44731/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maya Izumi ◽

Kazuo Sonoki ◽

Yuko Ohta ◽

Masayo Fukuhara ◽

Masaharu Nagata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Homes ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

The Body ◽

Tongue Pressure ◽

Care Needs ◽

Swallowing Function ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Swallowing Dysfunction

Abstract Background Infectious diseases including aspiration pneumonia are the most frequent causes of fever, common in older residents of nursing homes. We investigated whether swallowing dysfunction was related to fever in such residents. Methods Older residents aged ≥ 65 years from three nursing homes were included in this prospective study conducted from July 2017 to May 2019. The follow-up period was 13 months. The outcome was fever incidence in relation to swallowing function. Baseline data on the activities of daily living, cognitive function, swallowing function, respiratory function, tongue pressure, and comorbidity conditions were collected. Dates on which the body temperature of participants was more than 37.5 °C during the follow-up period were also recorded. For statistical analysis, swallowing function assessed by the modified water swallow test (MWST) scores were used to divide the participants into three groups; scores ≤ 3, 4, and 5. Results A total of 52 participants [median age, 89.5 (67–104)] were enrolled. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the average periods until onset of fever in participants with MWST scores of ≤ 3, 4, and 5 were 8.0 (6.0–11.0), 10.0 (7.0–12.0), and 12.0 (10.0–13.0) months, respectively. Cox’s proportional hazards regression model revealed that participants with an MWST score ≤ 3 were at a higher risk of fever compared to those with an MWST score of 5 (hazards ratio 13.0, 95% confidence interval 1.9–87.6), adjusted with possible confounders. Conclusions Swallowing dysfunction correlated with the risk of fever in older residents of nursing homes.

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Three-dimensional-printed custom-made hemipelvic endoprosthesis for the revision of the aseptic loosening and fracture of modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis: a pilot study

BMC Surgery ◽

10.1186/s12893-021-01257-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Wang ◽

Li Min ◽

Minxun Lu ◽

Yuqi Zhang ◽

Jingqi Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Aseptic Loosening ◽

Pelvic Ring ◽

The Body ◽

Harris Hip Score ◽

Short Term ◽

Musculoskeletal Tumor Society ◽

Custom Made ◽

3D Printed

Abstract Background The aims of this pilot study were (1) to assess the efficacy of 3D-printed custom-made hemipelvic endoprosthesis in restoring the natural location of acetabulum for normal bodyweight transmission; (2) to evaluate the short-term function of the revision with this endoprosthesis and (3) to identify short-term complications associated with the use of this endoprosthesis. Methods Between February 2017 and December 2017, seven patients received revision with 3D-printed custom-made hemipelvic endoprosthesis. The body weight moment arm (BWMA) and cup height discrepancy (CHD) after primary and revisional surgery were analyzed to assess acetabulum location with plain radiography. After a median follow-up duration of 29 months (range 24–34), the function was evaluated with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS-93) score and Harris hip score (HHS). Complications were recorded by chart review. Results The acetabulum locations were deemed reasonable, as evaluated by median BWMA (primary vs. revision, 10 cm vs. 10 cm) and median CHD (primary vs. revision, 10 mm vs. 8 mm). The median MSTS-93 score and HHS score were 21 (range 18–23) and 78 (range 75–82) after the revision. No short or mid-term complication was observed in the follow-up of this series. Conclusions Revision with 3D-printed custom-made hemipelvic endoprostheses benefited in reconstructing stable pelvic ring and natural bodyweight transmission for patients encountering the aseptic loosening and fracture of modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis. The revision surgery and appropriate rehabilitation program improved patients’ function to a median MSTS score of 22 and pain-free ambulation. The incidence of the complications was low via this individualized workflow.

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What Do Colorado Adults Know About Legal Use of Recreational Marijuana After a Media Campaign?

Health Promotion Practice ◽

10.1177/1524839916677210 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ashley Brooks-Russell ◽

Arnold Levinson ◽

Yaqiang Li ◽

Rebecca Hebner Roppolo ◽

Sheana Bull

Keyword(s):

Mass Media ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Positive Change ◽

Mass Media Campaign ◽

Media Campaign ◽

Accurate Knowledge ◽

Significant Positive Change ◽

Recreational Marijuana

Background. Colorado is among the first states to legalize the recreational sale of marijuana and therefore among the first to develop regulations outlining the purchase, possession, consumption, and enforcement, and penalties. Colorado legislators set aside funds for a statewide informational media campaign to educate Colorado residents on legal use of marijuana. Method. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the mass media campaign to increase awareness of the law through a prospective cohort surveyed before and 6 months after the launch of the campaign ( n = 798). Results. A total of 28.0% reported recall of the Good to Know campaign. There was a significant positive change in accurate knowledge of marijuana laws from baseline to follow-up for each of the four primary indicators of knowledge of the marijuana laws. Among those who had inaccurate knowledge of the laws at baseline, those who reported seeing the campaign at least once or more were 2.53 (95% confidence interval = 1.29-4.95) times as likely to report accurate knowledge of the laws at follow-up compared with those who did not recall seeing the campaign, particularly among marijuana users. Conclusions. Those individuals who reported recall of the campaign were more likely to increase their accurate knowledge of marijuana laws.

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Prospective cohort study of a pharmacological follow-up program of anticoagulated patients admitted to nursing homes

Medwave ◽

10.5867/medwave.2013.02.5633 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 5633-5633

Author(s):

Lluís Cuixart Costa ◽

Montserrat Verdú Arnal ◽

Aïda Bragulat Martín ◽

Ana García Solana ◽

Elena Galindo Montané ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Anticoagulated Patients

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A Pilot Study of Mobile Telephone Message Interventions with Suicide Attempters in China

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 109-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Hui Chen ◽

Brian L. Mishara ◽

Xiao Xian Liu

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Effective Means ◽

Text Message ◽

Text Messages ◽

Mobile Telephone ◽

Future Research ◽

Quick Method ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

To Receive

Background: In China, where follow-up with hospitalized attempters is generally lacking, there is a great need for inexpensive and effective means of maintaining contact and decreasing recidivism. Aims: Our objective was to test whether mobile telephone message contacts after discharge would be feasible and acceptable to suicide attempters in China. Methods: Fifteen participants were recruited from suicide attempters seen in the Emergency Department in Wuhan, China, to participate in a pilot study to receive mobile telephone messages after discharge. All participants have access to a mobile telephone, and there is no charge for the user to receive text messages. Results: Most participants (12) considered the text message contacts an acceptable and useful form of help and would like to continue to receive them for a longer period of time. Conclusions: This suggests that, as a low-cost and quick method of intervention in areas where more intensive follow-up is not practical or available, telephone messages contacts are accessible, feasible, and acceptable to suicide attempters. We hope that this will inspire future research on regular and long-term message interventions to prevent recidivism in suicide attempters.

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