scholarly journals Clinical Relevance of Urine Flow Rate and Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5372
Author(s):  
Po-Hsuan Jeng ◽  
Tien-Ru Huang ◽  
Chung-Ching Wang ◽  
Wei-Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pah Metabolites ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites have received increasing attention because several of these organic substances are highly carcinogenic or mutagenic. Exposure to PAHs is associated with many harmful health effects; however, we are not aware of any study that has explored the exposure to PAHs and urinary conditions in the general population. The present work aimed to investigate the correlation among PAH and urine flow rate (UFR). Method: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2012 were used in our study. A total of 4172 participants and a total of nine PAH metabolites were examined. The UFR was measured as the amount of urine excreted in a period of time (mL/h). Several covariates were adjusted in linear regression models. Result: After adjusting for variables, the PAH metabolites in urine showed a significant correlation with UFR. Dose-dependent associations between PAH metabolites in the urine and UFR were also found. Higher quartiles of PAH metabolites in urine exhibited higher regression coefficients. Conclusion: Our study highlighted that PAH metabolites in urine had a strong association with decreased UFR in the US adult population. These findings support the possibility that PAH exposure is related to bladder dysfunction. Further prospective studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Exploring the Association between Urine Caffeine Metabolites and Urine Flow Rate: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Shou En Wu ◽  
Wei-Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Study

Examination of urine excretion of caffeine metabolites has been a simple but common way to determine the metabolism and effect of caffeine, but the relationship between urinary metabolites and urine flow rate is less discussed. To explore the association between urinary caffeine metabolite levels and urine flow rate, 1571 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 were enrolled in this study. We examined the association between urinary caffeine metabolites and urine flow rate with linear regression models. Separate models were constructed for males and females and for participants aged <60 and ≥60 years old. A positive association was found between concentrations of several urinary caffeine metabolites and urine flow rate. Three main metabolites, namely, paraxanthine, theobromine, and caffeine, showed significance across all subgroups. The number of caffeine metabolites that revealed flow-dependency was greater in males than in females and was also greater in the young than in the elderly. Nevertheless, the general weakness of NHANES data, a cross-sectional study, is that the collection is made at one single time point rather than a long-term study. In summary, urinary concentrations of several caffeine metabolites showed a positive relationship with the urine flow rate. The trend is more noticeable in males and in young subgroups.

scholarly journals Does healthy lifestyle attenuate the detrimental effects of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on phenotypic aging? An analysis from NHANES 2001–2010

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqing Yang ◽  
Fan Pu ◽  
Xingqi Cao ◽  
Xueqin Li ◽  
Sudan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Objectives: It remains unknown whether healthy lifestyle attenuates the detrimental effects of urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) on aging. This study aims: 1) to examine the associations of OH-PAHs and lifestyle with Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAge.Accel), a novel aging measure, respectively; and 2) to evaluate the potential interaction effects of OH-PAHs and lifestyle on PhenoAge.Accel. Methods: Cross-sectional data of 2579 participants (aged 20-84 years, n=1292 females) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for years 2001-2010 were analyzed. A lifestyle index was constructed based on five components (drinking, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet), ranging from 0 to 5. We calculated PhenoAge.Accel using algorithms developed previously. General linear regression models were used to examine the associations. Results: We observed strong associations of OH-PAHs and lifestyle with PhenoAge.Accel. For instance, one unit increase in ∑NAP (sum of 1- and 2-hydroxynaphthalene) was associated with 0.37 year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26, 0.48) increase in PhenoAge.Accel. We did not observe statistically significant interaction effects between OH-PAHs and lifestyle on PhenoAge.Accel. After stratified by sex, we observed strong associations as well as statistically significant interactions of OH-PAHs and lifestyle with PhenoAge.Accel among females. Conclusions: Both OH-PAHs and lifestyle were independently associated with phenotypic aging and there were statistically significant interactions between OH-PAHs and lifestyle on phenotypic aging among females. The findings highlight the importance of adherence to a healthy lifestyle to attenuate the detrimental effects of exposures to PAHs on phenotypic aging among females.

Effect of urine flow rate on uric acid excretion in man

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert S. Diamond ◽  
Robert Lazarus ◽  
David Kaplan ◽  
David Halberstam
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Uric Acid Excretion

Homeostatic potassium excretion in fed and fasted sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. R357-R380 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rabinowitz ◽  
D. M. Green ◽  
R. L. Sarason ◽  
H. Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Filtered Load

In unanesthetized adult sheep, following intake of a daily meal, there was a peak in K excretion. The maximum and minimum rates of K excretion following meals were directly related to meal K content. On days without meals, no peak in K excretion occurred. Changes in K excretion on fed and fast days occurred without changes in the low levels of plasma aldosterone and were poorly correlated with urine or blood pH, urine flow rate, Na excretion, or the filtered load of K, but they correlated well with fractional K excretion. Plasma K did not change on fast days. Plasma K increased on some, but not all, fed days. Increases in plasma K that occurred on fed days were insufficient to account for the concurrent kaliuresis. Infusion of aldosterone or isotonic NaCl failed to alter K excretion in fed or fasted sheep. Infusion of isotonic NaCl + aldosterone hypertonic Na2SO4 + aldosterone increased K excretion in fasted but not fed sheep. Infusion of K in the rumen of fed and fasted sheep elevated rumen K concentration and led to increases in K excretion that could not be explained by increases in plasma K. The mechanisms responsible for the homeostatic changes in K excretion on fed and fast days were not ascertained but may importantly depend on sensors of enteric K content.

Urine Quantification Following Furosemide for Severe Acute Kidney Injury Prediction in Critically Ill Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja M. Gist ◽  
Jamie Penk ◽  
Eric L. Wald ◽  
Laura Kitzmiller ◽  
Tennille N. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Prospective Assessment ◽  
Critically Ill Adults

AbstractA standardized, quantified assessment of furosemide responsiveness predicts acute kidney injury (AKI) in children after cardiac surgery and AKI progression in critically ill adults. The purpose of this study was to determine if response to furosemide is predictive of severe AKI in critically ill children outside of cardiac surgery. We performed a multicenter retrospective study of critically ill children. Quantification of furosemide response was based on urine flow rate (normalized for weight) measurement 0 to 6 hours after the dose. The primary outcome was presence of creatinine defined severe AKI (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 2 or greater) within 7 days of furosemide administration. Secondary outcomes included mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay. A total of 110 patients were analyzed. Severe AKI occurred in 20% (n = 22). Both 2- and 6-hour urine flow rate were significantly lower in those with severe AKI compared with no AKI (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001). Cutoffs for 2- and 6-hour urine flow rate for prediction of severe AKI were <4 and <3 mL/kg/hour, respectively. The adjusted odds of developing severe AKI for 2-hour urine flow rate of <4 mL/kg/hour was 4.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–14.15; p = 0.02). The adjusted odds of developing severe AKI for 6-hour urine flow rate of <3 mL/kg/hour was 6.19 (95% CI: 1.85–20.70; p = 0.003). Urine flow rate in response to furosemide is predictive of severe AKI in critically ill children. A prospective assessment of urine flow rate in response to furosemide for predicting subsequent severe AKI is warranted.

Renal Function in Unanaesthetized River Lampreys (Lampetra FluviatilisL.): Effects of Anaesthesia, Temperature and Environmental Salinity

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MCVICAR ◽  
J. C. RANKIN
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Gill Ventilation ◽  
Daily Excretion ◽  
The Mean

1. Improved estimates of urine flow rates of lampreys in various salinities were obtained by the collection of urine for periods of up to 48 h from minimally-stressed, unanaesthetized fish, following catheterization of the urinogenital papilla. 2. The mean urine flow rate of freshwater lampreys was 200.7 ±14.3 ml kg−1 day−1. 3. Urine flow in freshwater lampreys was correlated with spontaneous changes in gill ventilation rate. MS222 anaesthesia reduced both ventilation and urine flow rates, but pronounced effects were only observed at concentrations greater than those needed to induce light anaesthesia (50–55 mg 1−1). Urine flow rate in unanaesthetized fish was extremely sensitive to rapid (6°Ch−1) changes in temperature and Q10 (6–16°C) was approximately 5. 4. Urine flow rate decreased rapidly as the osmotic difference between the body fluids and environment approached zero, and the rate of flow in 30% seawater lampreys was only 7.6% that of freshwater fish. 5. There was no evidence for an effect of environmental calcium concentration on branchial osmotic permeability. 6. Extensive tubular reabsorption of ions occurred in freshwater lampreys. The total daily excretion rate of sodium ions generally decreased in salinities hyperosmotic to the plasma, indicating enhanced reabsorption, but secretion of magnesium and sulphate ions was greatly increased. Urine osmolarity was significantly increased in lampreys in hyperosmotic salinities. 7. Present data compare favourably with data obtained previously from anaesthetized animals, indicating that renal function in lampreys is not significantly impaired by light MS222 anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence Study of Anti-HEV IgG among Different Adult Populations in Corsica, France, 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Capai ◽  
Masse ◽  
Gallian ◽  
Souty ◽  
Isnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. In France, hyperendemic areas including Corsica have an anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence higher than 50%. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in three adult populations in Corsica and the risk factors associated with antibody detection. Between 2017 and 2019, a total of 930 individuals, including 467 blood donors, 393 students or university staff members and 70 patients from general practice, were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay kit and filled a questionnaire. The association between seropositivity and potential risk factors was tested with univariate and multivariate analyses. Out of the 930 samples, 52.3% (486/930) were seropositive—54.4% (254/467) among blood donors, 47.6% (187/393) among university students and 64.3% (45/70) among patients of general practice. Three main risk factors were identified: (i) skinning and butchering (Adjusted Odds Ratio aOR = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [1.51–5.37]; p-value < 10−3), (ii) consumption of a local pork live raw sausage (fittonu) (aOR = 1.95 95% CI [1.45–2.64]; p-value = 10−5), and (iii) increasing age (p-value = 0.003). Seropositivity rates between the different populations were homogeneous after age stratification. This cross-sectional study indicates a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in the Corsican adult population, not significantly different between women and men and increasing with age. This serosurvey also showed homogeneity regarding the exposure to HEV among three different types of populations. Finally, we confirmed the endemicity of Corsica with respect to HEV and identified a strong association between consumption of figatellu/fittonu and the practice of skinning and butchering with the detection of anti-HEV IgG.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study investigating change in BMI z-score in primary school-aged children and the association of child BMI z-score with parent BMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mears ◽  
R. Salway ◽  
D. Sharp ◽  
J. P. H. Shield ◽  
R. Jago
Keyword(s):  
Strong Association ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Obesity Interventions ◽  
Child Bmi ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background This paper aims to explore change in BMI z-score through childhood and the association between parent BMI and child BMI z-score. This is important to understand for the development of effective obesity interventions. Methods Data from the longitudinal B-ProAct1v study (1837 participants) were analysed. A paired sample t-test examined changes in child BMI z-score between Year 1 and 4. Multivariable linear regression models examined the cross-sectional associations between child BMI z-score and parent BMI in Year 1 and 4. The influence of change in parental BMI between Year 1 and Year 4 on child BMI z-score in Year 4 was explored through regression analyses, adjusted for baseline BMI z-score. Results There was a strong association between child BMI z-score at Year 1 and 4. Child mean BMI z-score score increased from 0.198 to 0.330 (p = < 0.005) between these timepoints. For every unit increase in parent BMI, there was an increase in child BMI z-score of 0.047 in Year 1 (p = < 0.005) and of 0.059 in Year 4 (p = < 0.005). Parental BMI change was not significantly associated with Year 4 child BMI z-score. Conclusion The key indicator of higher child BMI at Year 4 is high BMI at Year 1. Further studies are needed to explore the impact of parental weight change on child BMI z-score and whether interventions targeted at overweight or obese parents, can improve their child’s BMI z-score.

scholarly journals Disparities in plain, tap and bottled water consumption among US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1455-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Y Rosinger ◽  
Kirsten A Herrick ◽  
Amber Y Wutich ◽  
Jonathan S Yoder ◽  
Cynthia L Ogden
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

AbstractObjectiveDifferences in bottled v. tap water intake may provide insights into health disparities, like risk of dental caries and inadequate hydration. We examined differences in plain, tap and bottled water consumption among US adults by sociodemographic characteristics.DesignCross-sectional analysis. We used 24 h dietary recall data to test differences in percentage consuming the water sources and mean intake between groups using Wald tests and multiple logistic and linear regression models.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007–2014.SubjectsA nationally representative sample of 20 676 adults aged ≥20 years.ResultsIn 2011–2014, 81·4 (se 0·6) % of adults drank plain water (sum of tap and bottled), 55·2 (se 1·4) % drank tap water and 33·4 (se 1·4) % drank bottled water on a given day. Adjusting for covariates, non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic adults had 0·44 (95 % CI 0·37, 0·53) and 0·55 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·66) times the odds of consuming tap water, and consumed B=−330 (se 45) ml and B=−180 (se 45) ml less tap water than NH White adults, respectively. NH Black, Hispanic and adults born outside the fifty US states or Washington, DC had 2·20 (95 % CI 1·79, 2·69), 2·37 (95 % CI 1·91, 2·94) and 1·46 (95 % CI 1·19, 1·79) times the odds of consuming bottled water than their NH White and US-born counterparts. In 2007–2010, water filtration was associated with higher odds of drinking plain and tap water.ConclusionsWhile most US adults consumed plain water, the source (i.e. tap or bottled) and amount differed by race/Hispanic origin, nativity status and education. Water filters may increase tap water consumption.

Renal function in the chronically cannulated fetal llama: comparison with studies in the ovine fetus

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Wintour ◽  
R Riquelme ◽  
C Gaete ◽  
C Rabasa ◽  
E Sanhueza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Fetal Urine ◽  
Ovine Fetus ◽  
Ovine Fetal

Samples of maternal and fetal plasma, fetal urine, and amniotic fluid were collected from 8 chronically cannulated pregnant llamas, in the last third of gestation. The samples were obtained for up to 18 days post-surgery. Osmolality, sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and urea were measured on 40 samples collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, and 10-19. The osmolalities of maternal and fetal plasma, fetal urine and amniotic fluid, averaged over these 7 time periods, were, respectively, 312 +/- 2, 311 +/- 1, 484 +/- 14, and 317 +/- 1 mosmol kg-1. Values are given as mean +/- s.e. The major differences from fetal fluid values in the ovine fetus (from previously published values) were the higher osmolality and urea concentration of llama fetal urine. Urine flow rate measured in 6 fetuses, 4.5-6.5 kg body weight, was 5.8 +/- 0.4 mliter h-1; urea clearance rate was 55.5 +/- 11.8 mliter h-1. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), measured with 51Cr-EDTA in 5 fetuses on 1-4 occasions, was 111.4 +/- 23.3 mliter h-1. Fractional reabsorptions (FR) of Na, K and Cl were 97.9 +/- 1, 75.9 +/- 13.5 and 97.7 +/- 0.4% respectively. The GFR (25 mliter kg-1 h-1) and urine flow rate (1 mL kg-1 h-1) were less than half and about one-tenth the respective values in ovine fetuses. As Na reabsorption is the major oxygen-consuming activity of the kidney, the llama fetal kidney requires only half the oxygen needed by the ovine fetal kidney to reabsorb the filtered sodium load. The reason for the formation of hypertonic, rather than hypotonic, urine in the fetal llama may be due to both greater morphological maturity of the kidney and the excretion of as yet unidentified osmotically active organic substances.

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