scholarly journals The Role of Adolescents’ Personal and Social Resources in Achieving Desired Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes during an Anxiety-Provoking Pandemic Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6280
Author(s):  
Shira Bukchin-Peles ◽  
Tammie Ronen
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Affects ◽  
Positivity Ratio ◽  
Prevention Behavior

Considering adolescents’ developmentally driven stressors and social needs, they may be particularly vulnerable to the anxiety associated with the public health and economic crises due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, they may have difficulty following the mandated contagion prevention directives. The current study focused on the role of adolescents’ positive personal resources (self-control, hope) and environmental resources (peer support) in two desired outcomes during the COVID-19 outbreak: wellbeing (i.e., maintaining/increasing positivity ratio) and contagion prevention behaviors (i.e., increasing handwashing). Path analysis was conducted using online survey data collected from a representative sample of 651 Israeli adolescents (ages 13–17). Positive resources were found to be both positively intercorrelated and negatively correlated with pandemic-related anxiety and positively with increased handwashing. Self-control correlated positively with social support, which, in turn, correlated positively with the positivity ratio (i.e., more positive than negative affects) and pandemic-related anxiety. Self-control and pandemic-related anxiety both correlated positively with increased prevention behavior. This study highlights the vital role of positive resources in achieving desired psychological and behavioral outcomes for adolescents during the anxiety-provoking pandemic. Beyond its theoretical innovation, this study offers practical value by focusing on malleable variables that could be the focus of dedicated interventions.

Early Adverse Childhood Experiences and Self-Control Development among Youth in Fragile Families

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2199637
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Jones ◽  
Hayley Pierce ◽  
Constance L. Chapple
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Using Data

Though considerable research links both a lack of self-control and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a variety of negative health and behavioral outcomes, few studies to date have explored whether ACEs are associated with deficits in self-control. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,444) and a life course theoretical framework, this study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining the relationships between individual ACEs, cumulative ACEs, timing of ACEs, and durations of early ACEs and self-control development among youth. Our results indicate that as the number of ACEs (by age 5) experienced incrementally increases, the likelihood of reported self-control decreases. Moreover, when it comes to the timing and duration of ACE exposure, ACEs that are high but late, intermittent, or chronically high significantly decrease self-control. Based on our findings, researchers should continue to explore the role of ACEs in youth self-control development.

Assessment by Audiences Shows Little Effect of Science Communication Training

2020 ◽  
pp. 107554702097163
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Rubega ◽  
Kevin R. Burgio ◽  
A. Andrew M. MacDonald ◽  
Anne Oeldorf-Hirsch ◽  
Robert S. Capers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Science Communication ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Communication Course ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Public Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Science Community

As the science community has recognized the vital role of communicating to the public, science communication training has proliferated. The development of rigorous, comparable approaches to assessment of training has not kept pace. We conducted a fully controlled experiment using a semester-long science communication course, and audience assessment of communicator performance. Evaluators scored the communication competence of trainees and their matched, untrained controls, before and after training. Bayesian analysis of the data showed very small gains in communication skills of trainees, and no difference from untrained controls. High variance in scores suggests little agreement on what constitutes “good” communication.

The Effect of Public Social Context on Self-Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liad Uziel ◽  
Roy F. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Study

The present study explores the role of personality in moderating the effect of public social context on self-control. The authors predicted that in public settings neuroticism would be associated with ego-depletion effects and individual differences in impression management (IM) would be associated with restoration effects. Three experiments supported the hypothesis. In Study 1 neuroticism was associated with impaired self-control and IM was associated with enhanced self-control following an initial phase of working on a simple task in public (vs. in private). Study 2 replicated and extended these results to other domains of self-control. Study 3 explored whether public social context can cancel out early depletion effects. In this study, depleted participants engaged in a task that required self-control either alone or in public. As expected, the public settings were associated with restored self-control resources mostly among high IM individuals. Implications for self-control, neuroticism, and IM are discussed.

scholarly journals Open Research, Open Engineering, and the Role of the University in Society

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin R. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Public University ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
Engineering Community ◽  
Open Research ◽  
The University

This is a white paper submitted as part of the joint NIH/NSF-funded event, "Imagining Tomorrow’s University: Rethinking scholarship, education, and institutions for an open, networked era", to be held March 8th and 9th in Rosemont, IL. In this paper I present my personal (not my employer's) thoughts and reflections on the role that open research can play in defining the purpose and activities of the university. I have made some specific recommendations on how I believe the public university can recommit and push the boundaries of its role as the creator and promoter of public knowledge. In doing so, serving a vital role to the continued economic, social, and technological development of society. I have also included some thoughts on how this applies specifically to my field of engineering and how a culture of openness and sharing within the engineering community can help drive societal development.

scholarly journals Historical and Contemporary Laws Related to Forest and Environment with the Perspective of the Role of the Indian Media in Environmental Conservation: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kapil Kumar Joshi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Regulatory Measures

This paper attempts to highlight all the forest, wildlife and environmental laws prevailing in India with their brief introduction and the genesis. It portrays a consolidated picture of all such regulatory measures being implemented since the colonial rule in India. Under today’s circumstances, media also plays a vital role in shaping the public opinion over any social, economic and political issue. Media is supposed to be the fourth and a strong pillar of the society and is entrusted with the responsibility of bringing real facts and figures before the public in general and the policy makers and implementers in particular. This paper also aims in educating the media with the prevailing rules, regulations, acts, guidelines and policies related to natural resource management in India and analyzing a symbiotic relationship with the implementers for a wider cause of conservation and sustainable development.

scholarly journals A question of morals? The role of moral identity in support of the youth climate movement Fridays4Future

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248353
Author(s):  
Antonia Misch ◽  
Susanne Kristen-Antonow ◽  
Markus Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Climate Politics ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Engagement ◽  
Greater Good ◽  
European Youth

In the past year, an unprecedented climate movement has risen among European youth, so-called "Fridays4Future" (F4F). Thousands of pupils skip school every Friday to protest for better climate politics. The public debate on the protests contains highly mixed reactions, including praise as well as condemnation. Recent theoretical accounts propose that people’s engagement in community service and actions towards a greater good could be related to their moral identity. Moral identity (MI) is defined as the extent to which being moral is important to the personal identity. The current preregistered study investigates the link between moral identity and participants’ support for F4F in an online survey (N = 537). Results confirm the association between participants’ moral identity and their support for F4F, with the internalization scale predicting passive forms of support and the symbolization scale predicting active forms of support. Additionally, risk perception was found to play an important role. Thus, this study confirms the role of moral identity in people’s pro-environmental engagement and offers new insights in the context of an important and timely issue.

The Effects of Situational Obstacles and Social Support on Suicide- Prevention Gatekeeper Behaviors

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Taylor Moore ◽  
Konstantin P. Cigularov ◽  
Peter Y. Chen ◽  
Jeremy M. Martinez ◽  
Jarrod Hindman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Gatekeeper Training ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Referral Practices ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Although the effectiveness of suicide-prevention gatekeeper-training programs in improving knowledge, attitudes, and referral practices has been documented, their effects do not seem to be lasting. Aims: This study investigated situational obstacles at work that prevent suicide-prevention gatekeepers from engaging in suicide-prevention behavior and the role of social support in modifying the relationship between situational obstacles and suicide-prevention behaviors. Methods: 193 gatekeepers completed an online survey to rate the obstacles they had experienced at work since completing a gatekeeper-training program and the support received from coworkers, supervisors, and the organization. Participants also reported the frequency of suicide-prevention behaviors performed. Results: The results indicated that both situational obstacles and social support predicted the number of suicide-prevention behaviors performed, as expected. There was also a trend that support from supervisors and the organization may alleviate the adverse effect of situational obstacles on suicide-prevention behavior. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of the study does not allow for directional, causal conclusions to be drawn. Conclusions: By understanding the roles of situational obstacles faced by trained gatekeepers at their work and the support they receive from supervisors and organizations, appropriate strategies can be identified and applied to facilitate gatekeeper performance.

The role of sexting and related behaviors to victimization via nonconsensual pornography: an exploratory analysisof university students

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine D. Marcum ◽  
Barbara H. Zaitzow ◽  
George E. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
University Setting

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of university students with nonconsensual pornography. The focus of the present work is on nonconsensual pornography – the nonconsensual distribution of intimate images and sexual extortion – that are becoming common experiences for many people. While the forms of nonconsensual pornography may vary, each case has one thing in common: the offender has shared a private image of the victim without the victim’s consent. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study was collected from student participants at a southeastern university. The stratified sample of university students was sent a link to an online survey and the responses of those who chose to respond were used in subsequent analyses (n = 300). Findings The findings of this exploratory study show low self-control as a significant predictor of sexting. Significant predictors of victimization via nonconsensual pornography included participation in sexting and use of dating apps. Originality/value While not generalizable, the descriptive data provide an important landscape for consideration of policy and legal recommendations to protect potential victims as well as would-be perpetrators beyond a university setting.

scholarly journals Necessities and Ways of Combating Dissatisfactions at Workplaces Against the Job-Hopping Generation Y Employees

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092092696
Author(s):  
MD Mahamudul Hassan ◽  
Manimekalai Jambulingam ◽  
Elangkovan Narayanan Alagas ◽  
Md. Uzir Hossain Uzir ◽  
Hussam Al Halbusi
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Turnover Costs

The vital role of the private sector in the overall development of a country is crucial as proven by private tertiary industries. Despite its phenomenal success all over the world, private sectors are facing enormous challenges due to frequent turnover of Generation Y (Gen Y). Such phenomena cause massive overt and covert losses. Gen Y workers are optimistic, practical and often have attrition tendencies at workplaces. Extensive literature indicates the turnover problem of Gen Y remains unresolved. Frustration acts as the most crucial factor contributing to frequent turnover. The employers state similar effects. Turnover studies have been performed in the Western sense, though turnover problems exist all over the world, which include a developing country like Bangladesh. Another problem is the turnover rate in the public sector is lower than the private sector. Since each company strives to achieve the best output and lower turnover to avoid brain drain, they refrain from high turnover costs and maintaining competent staff. This quantitative study discovers that there is an urgent need to establish retention-friendly approaches to mitigate Gen Y frustration and retain them in the workplace. Gen Y retention approaches, management initiatives, soft HRM, work–life balance and employee satisfaction are vital resources for Gen Y retention in the private sector.

scholarly journals Values and their relationship to pro-environmental engagement: A comprehensive and systematic investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pollyane Kahelen da Costa Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Environmental Engagement ◽  
Self Transcendence

<p>Environmental problems are a result of maladaptive human behaviour. One way to tackle these problems is by fostering values that underlie pro-environmental engagement. Research has shown that self-transcendence values (e.g., social justice, equality, and world at peace) are positively correlated to environmental attitudes and behaviours. The present research aims to advance past research by systematically assessing the role of values in motivating individuals’ pro-environmental engagement. Three empirical studies were conducted. Study 1 used a meta-analytical approach to provide a quantitative summary of research on the link between values and environmental outcomes. The final dataset included 47,660 participants from 41 countries and 90 independent samples. Results showed that the self-transcendence versus self-enhancement values dimension is the most often considered in the literature and, as expected, self-transcendence values are the best predictors of environmental outcomes. The analysis also showed that methodological aspects, such as the type of values measured, affected the association between values and environmental outcomes. Study 2 comprised two experiments using the value self-confrontation technique to promote value change and influence individuals’ environmental behavioural intentions. Experiment 1 was conducted with 189 university students (M = 20.00, SD = 3.43). Results from Experiment 1 showed that values were susceptible to change and that value change predicted environmental behavioural intentions. Experiment 2 was conducted with a sample of 115 participants from the general population (M = 35.00, SD = 4.61) and partially replicated the findings of Experiment 1. Importantly, Experiment 2 found that value change was dependent on how strongly individuals felt connected to the reference group. Study 3 tested the moderation effect of moral identity, self-efficacy, self-control and consideration of future consequences in the link between values and environmental behavioural intentions. A total of 221 participants (M = 21.68; SD = 5.92) took part in an online survey. Results indicated that only moral identity moderated the relationship between values and environmental behavioural intentions. It was found that moral identity enhanced the positive influence of self-transcendence values on environmental behavioural intentions. Findings are discussed considering the key role of self-transcendence values in fostering environmental behavioural intentions and the importance of identity in the values-environmental behavioural intentions link. Practical implications of the findings are also discussed.  Note: This thesis was a finalist for the Outstanding Postgraduate Research Award.</p>

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