scholarly journals The Bidirectional Relationship between Body Weight and Depression across Gender: A Simultaneous Equation Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7673
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Probability System

Purpose: This study investigates the bidirectional relationship between body weight and depression for both males and females in the U.S. Methods: Data are drawn from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), and a simultaneous ordered probability system is estimated with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to accommodate the two-way causality between depression and body weight categories. The variable of depression is measured by individuals’ past depressive records and current mental health status. Results: Depression and body weight are found to affect each other positively for both males and females on average. In a randomized population, the results of average treatment effects suggest significant body weight differences between depressed and non-depressed individuals. Age and other sociodemographic factors affect body weight differently between genders and between the people with depression and those without. Conclusion: The positive bidirectional relationship between body weight and depression is found. The effect of depression on body weight is significant among both males and females in a randomized population, and females who experience depression are most likely to be obese and less likely to have normal weight compared to females without depression. The risks of overweight and obesity are high among people who are less educated or unable, who have poor health statuses, and who had high blood pressure.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional and motor characteristics of Baikal region’s students (Russia) with overweight

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
M.M. Kolokoltsev ◽  
S.S. Iermakov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Males And Females

Purpose : to study the morphofunctional and motor characteristics of the organism of students with overweight and obesity. To compare these data with data of students with normal weight. Participants : it was examined students (females - n=1937; males - n=1302) of 17-21 year-olds. (Baikal region, Russia). It was performed an anthropometrical and physiometric examination of students. It was determined the content of muscle and fat mass in the component structure of a body. It was determined the motor qualities of students. Results : the indicators of anthropometrical and physiometric characteristics, results of motor action tests, the content of muscle and fat mass in a body of students with overweight and obesity are lower in comparison with the indicators of females and males with normal body weight (р<0.05). The integral criterion of physical fitness of students with overweight and obesity is lower in comparison with students with normal body weight (р<0.05). It is defined the direct dependence between the decrease in the level of physical fitness and increase in body weight of males and females. It was obtained data concerning interrelation of anthropometrical and functional characteristics with motor qualities of males and females with different body weight. Conclusions : Results of the research allow correcting physical training classes of youth. Such classes are focused on the differentiated decrease in fat mass content and increase in muscle mass in the component structure of students' bodies.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Weight Status: Empirical Evidence from a Population-Based Survey of Adults in Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Hsiung Hung ◽  
Pei-An Liao ◽  
Hung-Hao Chang ◽  
Jiun-Hao Wang ◽  
Min-Chen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Fitness Score ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide. Meanwhile, obesity has been recognized as a global epidemic. This study aims to examine the extent to which cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with body mass among adult males and females in Taiwan.Materials and Methods. A nationally representative dataset consisting of 68,175 adults aged 18–60, including 31,743 males and 36,432 females, was used. Several multivariate regression models were used to investigate the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and body weight status, after controlling for adults’ sociodemographic status.Results. A one-unit increase in the BMI lowered the cardiorespiratory fitness score by 0.316 and 0.368 points for adult males and females, respectively. Among adult males, compared to those of normal weight, adult males who were underweight, overweight, or obese had a lower cardiorespiratory fitness score by 1.287, 0.845, and 3.353 points, respectively. Similar results could be found in female samples.Conclusion. The overweight and obese adults had much lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness as compared to their normal weight counterparts. Given the upward trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, it is important to help overweight and obese people to become more fit and reach their healthy weight.

Is overweight/obesity a risk factor for atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children? A case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysel Vehapoglu ◽  
Zeynep Ebru Cakın ◽  
Feyza Ustabas Kahraman ◽  
Mustafa Atilla Nursoy ◽  
Ali Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives It is unclear whether body weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight/obese) is associated with allergic disease. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between body weight status (body mass index; BMI) and atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children, and to compare children with atopic allergic diseases with non atopic healthy children. Methods A prospective cross sectional study of 707 prepubertal children aged 3–10 years was performed; the participants were 278 atopic children with physician-diagnosed allergic disease (allergic rhinitis and asthma) (serum total IgE level >100 kU/l and eosinophilia >4%, or positivity to at least one allergen in skin test) and 429 non atopic healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Data were collected between December 2019 and November 2020 at the Pediatric General and Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinics of Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital. Results Underweight was observed in 11.6% of all participants (10.8% of atopic children, 12.2% of healthy controls), and obesity in 14.9% of all participants (18.0% of atopic children, 12.8% of controls). Obese (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08–2.71, p=0.021), and overweight status (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.06–2.50, p=0.026) were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight in pre-pubertal children. This association did not differ by gender. There was no relationship between underweight status and atopic allergic disease (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.63–1.68, p=0.894). Conclusions Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight among middle-income and high-income pre pubertal children living in Istanbul.

scholarly journals The Obesity Paradox in Type 2 Diabetes and Mortality

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre K. Tobias ◽  
JoAnn E. Manson
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Methodological Considerations

The obesity paradox for survival among individuals with type 2 diabetes has been observed in some but not all studies. Conflicting evidence for the role of overweight and obesity in all-cause mortality may largely be a result of differences in study populations, epidemiological methods, and statistical analysis. For example, analyses among populations with long-term prevalent diabetes and the accrual of other chronic health conditions are more likely to observe that the sickest participants have lower body weights, and therefore, relative to normal weight, overweight and even obesity appear advantageous. Other mortality risk factors, such as smoking, also confound the relationship between body weight and survival, but this behavior varies widely in intensity and duration, making it difficult to assess and effectively adjust for in statistical models. Disentangling the potential sources of bias is imperative in understanding the relevance of excess body weight to mortality in diabetes. In this review, we summarize methodological considerations underlying the observed obesity paradox. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the obesity paradox is likely an artifact of biases, and once these are accounted for, it is evident that compared with normal body weight, excess body weight is associated with a greater mortality risk.

scholarly journals Assessment of the influence of overweight and obesity on the development of prehypertension and hypertension in children aged 6-15

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Marijana Jandrić-Kočić
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Introduction/Aim: 41 million children under the age of 5 and 340 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 are overweight or obese. Obesity in children and adolescents is the most important predictor of high blood pressure. The aim of the study was to examine the incidence of overweight and obesity in primary school children aged 6 to 15 years, as well as to examine the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension in children who were overweight and obese. Method: The study included 85 of 86 children from the Primary School "Krupa na Uni". Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire, while body weight and blood pressure were measured. The chi-square test and t-test were used for the statistical analysis of data Results: The cross-sectional study included 85 children, 45 (52.9%) boys and 40 (47.1%) girls with an average age of 10.87 ± 2.70 years. Normal weight was found in 54 (63.5%) subjects, underweight in 12 (14.1%), overweight in 5 (5.9%), and obesity in 14 (16.5%). 76 (89.4%) subjects had normal blood pressure values, 5 (5.9%) prehypertensive state, and 4 (4.7%) arterial hypertension. There was no significant difference between younger and older children regarding their nutritional status (p=0.477) and blood pressure levels (p=0.453). Children who were overweight and obese had prehypertension and hypertension significantly more often (p˂0.001). Conclusion: Every fifth child was overweight or obese, while prehypertension or hypertension were found in every tenth child. The timely change of diet and physical activity could contribute to the regulation of body weight and the regulation of blood pressure, as well.

scholarly journals Interrelation between weight and weight stigma in youth: is there evidence for an obesogenic vicious cycle?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Silvia Gmeiner ◽  
Petra Warschburger
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship

AbstractMany children and adolescents are confronted with weight stigma, which can cause psychological and physical burden. While theoretical frameworks postulate a vicious cycle linking stigma and weight status, there is a lack of empirical evidence. The aim was to analyze the longitudinal bidirectional relationship between body weight and weight stigma among children and adolescents. The sample consisted of 1381 children and adolescents, aged 9–19 years at baseline (49.2% female; 78% normal weight), from a prospective study encompassing three measurement points over 6 years. Participants provided self-reported data on experienced weight-related teasing and weight/height (as indicators for weight status). Latent structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationship between weight-related teasing experiences and weight. Additionally, gender-related differences were analyzed. Between the first two waves, there was evidence for a bidirectional relationship between weight and weight-related teasing. Between the last two waves, teasing predicted weight, but there was no reverse association. No gender-related differences were found. The data indicate a reciprocal association between weight stigma and body weight across weight groups and independent of gender. To prevent vicious cycles, approaches that simultaneously promote healthy weight and reduce weight stigma are required.

scholarly journals The Body Mass Index BMI Should be Abandoned in Favour of the Body-Shape Index BSI for Controlling Body Weight in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Standard Deviations

Objective: This paper aims at optimal metrology for defining healthy weights in humans using weight-height ratios. Study Design: Normal appearing Caucasian males and females of any age and height were stochastically selected individually and grouped into cohorts of gender, different heights and ages, in order to apply rigorous statistical analyses, using the least squares method of Gauss. Methods: 246 Caucasian males and 258 Caucasian females of “normal” appearance represent an unbiased stochastically selected cohort sufficiently large to analyse statistically individual and cohort values for Body-MassIndex, kg/m2 , and Body-Shape-Index, kg/m3 , relating to gender, height, and age. Results: For Caucasians taller than ~1.2m the BMI is largely inferior to the BSI. In adults, the single average normal weight BSI value is 12.54 for males and 12.36 for females, with standard deviations of 1.67 and 1.95, respectively. For children smaller than ~1.2m the BMI is superior showing at normal weight an average value of ~16.0 for males and ~15.2 for females, with standard deviations of 1.70 for males and 1.66 for females. The difference between BMI and BSI applicability lies in the proportionality of body shapes changing with growth from childhood to adults. Conclusions: The BMI is the choice for weight control only of children of <1.2m. In individuals taller than 1.7m, a single BMI value introduces serious errors and should not be used. The BSI provides a stable value with height >1.2m and should replace the BMI. - BSI and BMI cut-off values are given for severe underweight, overweight and obesity for males and females for clinical guidance and use in public health.

scholarly journals Concurrent Use of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco among US Males and Females

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Mushtaq ◽  
Mary B. Williams ◽  
Laura A. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Males And Females

Background. The current study describes concurrent use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (CiST) among males and females and evaluates factors associated with CiST use.Methods. Cross-sectional data were drawn from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Weighted stratified analyses were performed to find associations between CiST use and sociodemographic factors by gender. CiST users were compared to three different tobacco use groups: nonusers, exclusive smokers, and exclusive ST users.Results. Younger age and heavy alcohol consumption were consistently associated with increased odds of CiST use among both males and females, and regardless of comparison group. Among males, education was inversely related to CiST use, and these findings were consistent in all three comparisons. Among women, those unable to work or out of work were more likely to be CiST users, which was consistent across comparisons. American Indian females had higher odds of CiST use than White females when nontobacco users or smokers were the comparison group.Conclusion. This study identified sociodemographic characteristics associated with CiST use, and differences in these associations among women and men. Additionally, this study highlights the need to carefully consider what comparison groups should be used to examine factors associated with CiST use.

scholarly journals The Role of Dishware Size in the Perception of Portion Size in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2062
Author(s):  
Annica Franziska Dörsam ◽  
Alisa Weiland ◽  
Helene Sauer ◽  
Katrin Elisabeth Giel ◽  
Nanette Stroebele-Benschop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
Exact Amount

Purpose: The influence of dishware on portion size perception in children and adolescents is inconclusive. This study investigated how children and adolescents with both obesity and a normal weight perceived portion size in different sized and shaped dishware items. Methods: The study included 60 children and adolescents with overweight and obesity (OBE) and 27 children and adolescents with normal weight (NW) aged from 9 to 17 years. The participants estimated quantities in three pairs of drinking glasses, one pair of bowls and two pairs of plates which varied in size and shape. The children were instructed to state intuitively which portion they would choose for big or small thirst/hunger. Thereafter they were asked to determine the exact amount by answering which dishware item contained the larger/smaller portion (cognitive evaluation). Results: There were no substantial differences in the intuitive evaluation of portion sizes between OBE and NW. During the cognitive evaluation, OBE estimated the amount of water in the glasses more correctly compared to NW (61% vs. 43%; p = 0.008); OBE estimated the amount of lentils in the bowls and on the plates significantly less correctly (39%) compared to NW (56%; p = 0.013). Conclusions: Habit formation and environmental stimuli might play a greater role in estimating food amounts in dishware than the child’s and adolescent’s body weight.

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