scholarly journals Housing Instability and Depression among US Mothers Following a Nonmarital Birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10322
Author(s):  
Sehun Oh ◽  
Ian Zapcic ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn ◽  
Christopher P. Salas-Wright ◽  
Yeonwoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Housing Instability ◽  
Nonmarital Birth ◽  
Housing Assistance ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Preventive Mental Health ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Mothers who had a nonmarital birth experience multiple risk factors for depression, including housing instability. Yet, important questions remain about the extent of long-term housing instability and its association with future depression among at-risk mothers. Using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study data, we examine cumulative housing instability over a 15-year period following nonmarital birth and its association with maternal depression. Based on a sample of 2279 mothers who had a nonmarital birth in 20 major US cities between 1998–2000, we examined their 15-year residential moves and housing arrangements. Then, we tested the associations between the cumulative residential moves and major depressive episodes (MDE) in Year 15 using logistic regression analysis. One in every four mothers had six or more residential moves in 15 years following a nonmarital birth. For each additional move, mothers reported up to 27.9% higher odds of having a past-year MDE in Year 15, translating into the prevalence increases from 6.0% (zero move) to 20.6% (10 moves). Our findings suggest that greater attention should be paid to housing needs among mothers following a nonmarital birth, including temporary housing assistance and more fundamental programs to reduce housing instability as preventive mental health services.

A comparison of short- and long-term cortisol levels in melancholic and non-melancholic major depressive episodes using hair and saliva specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 127-128
Author(s):  
Andrés Herane-Vives ◽  
Allan H Young ◽  
Toby Wise ◽  
Juan Aguirre ◽  
Valeria de Angel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

National estimates of mental health needs among non-elderly adult cancer survivors.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19103-e19103
Author(s):  
Xu Ji ◽  
Janet Cummings ◽  
Jordan Gilleland Marchak ◽  
Xuesong Han ◽  
Ann C. Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Young Adult Survivors ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

e19103 Background: As advancements in cancer therapies expand the population of long-term cancer survivors, it is important to understand long-term mental health (MH) outcomes associated with cancer experience. This study used a U.S. nationally-representative sample of adult cancer survivors to assess and compare MH outcomes across age groups. Methods: We used the 2015-2017 National Survey of Drug Use and Health to identify respondents aged 18-64 years who reported a history of cancer (survivors) or never had cancer. MH outcomes were operationalized as events in past year of: major depressive episodes, serious psychological distress, suicidal thoughts, suicidal plans, suicidal attempts, any mental illness, and serious mental illness. We compared these outcomes between survivors and those without cancer in adjusted regression analyses, controlling for respondents’ demographic (gender, race/ethnicity) and socioeconomic (health insurance, employment, education status, marital status) characteristics. All analyses were stratified by age group (18-34, 35-49, and 50-64 years). Results: When comparing 2,656 survivors and 112,952 adults without cancer within each age group, survivors had elevated prevalence of MH problems in in five of the seven domains of adverse MH measures. Among young adults (aged 18-34 years), survivors were more likely than their noncancer counterparts to experience major depressive episodes (18.1% versus 9.6%, p< 0.001), serious psychological distress (34.2% versus 17.9, p< 0.001), suicidal thoughts (10.5% versus 7.0%, p= 0.011), any mental illness (41.1% versus 23.3%, p< 0.001), and serious mental illness (13.2% versus 5.9%, p< 0.001) in the past year. These differences persisted in adjusted analyses ( p-values < 0.01). While similar survivor-comparison differences were observed among older groups, the magnitude of these differences was smaller. When comparing MH outcomes across age groups among survivors, young adult survivors had the highest likelihood of experiencing MH problems across all seven domains of adverse MH measures ( p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: This population-based study shows elevated prevalence of MH problems among adult cancer survivors, as compared to the general noncancer population. We also identified a clear age gradient in the prevalence of MH problems, with young adult survivors exhibiting the highest prevalence of adverse MH outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of developing strategies to ensure early detection and screening of mental illness and improve access to MH treatment for cancer survivors.

Incidence and Predictors of Suicide Attempts in Bipolar I and II Disorders: A Five-year Follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S87-S87
Author(s):  
S. Pallaskorpi ◽  
K. Suominen ◽  
M. Ketokivi ◽  
H. Valtonen ◽  
P. Arvilommi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

IntroductionAlthough suicidal behavior is very common in bipolar disorder (BD), few long-term studies have investigated incidence and risk factors of suicide attempts (SAs) specifically related to illness phases of BD.ObjectivesWe examined incidence of SAs during different phases of BD in a long-term prospective cohort of bipolar I (BD-I) and II (BD-II) patients and risk factors specifically for SAs during major depressive episodes (MDEs).MethodsIn the Jorvi bipolar study (JoBS), 191 BD-I and BD-II patients were followed using life-chart methodology. Prospective information on SAs of 177 patients (92.7%) during different illness phases was available up to five years. Incidence of SAs and their predictors were investigated using logistic and Poisson regression models. Analyses of risk factors for SAs occurring during MDEs were conducted using two-level random-intercept logistic regression models.ResultsDuring the five-year follow-up, 90 SAs per 718 patient-years occurred. Compared with euthymia the incidence was highest, over 120-fold, during mixed states (765/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 461–1269]) and also very high in MDEs, almost 60-fold (354/1000 [95%CI 277–451]). For risk of SAs during MDEs, the duration of MDEs, severity of depression and cluster C personality disorders were significant predictors.ConclusionsIn this long-term study, the highest incidences of SAs occurred in mixed phases and MDEs. The variations in incidence rates between euthymia and illness phases were remarkably large, suggesting that the question “when” rather than “who” may be more relevant for suicide risk in BD. However, risk during MDEs is likely also influenced by personality factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Impact of Childhood Adversity and Premorbid Personality on the Onset and Course of Major Bipolar Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
J. Angst ◽  
A. Gamma ◽  
V. Ajdacic-Gross ◽  
W. Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Premorbid Personality ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Background:Clinical studies have demonstrated the great clinical relevance of long-term depression (LTD). Our study aims to characterise long-term bipolar disorder (LTBP) in comparison with episodic (non-chronic) bipolar major depressive episodes (EBP) on the basis of data from a community sample.Method:The Zurich Cohort Study is a prospective study of young adults followed from age 20/21 to 40/41 with six interviews. The stratified sample consisted of two thirds high scorers and one third lower scorers on the Symptom Checklist-90 R (SCL-90-R). LTBP, which was assessed from age 27/28 to 40/41, was defined as threshold or subthreshold depressive syndrome plus hypomanic symptoms, present for more days than not over the past year, plus work or social impairment.Results:The cumulative incidence of LTBP was 6.3%, and of episodic BP 15.3%. The two groups did not differ in mean age of onset (13.7 vs. 13.1 years). Age of onset was significantly earlier in subjects with a positive FH of depression and was inversely correlated with the somatisation score of the SCL-90R as assessed at age 19/20. The age of onset increased with increasing levels of childhood family problems in subjects with a positive FH, but decreased in subjects without an FH of depression. Chronic BP was associated with early childhood adversity and low self-esteem and, at a trend-level, with no family history of depression.Conclusions:The results are surprising and counter-intuitive, a genetic disposition seeming to be correlated more with periodicity than with chronicity.

scholarly journals Major Depression and its Association with Long-Term Medical Conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M Gagnon ◽  
Scott B Pat ten
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Objective: To replicate previously re ported as sociations between major depressive episodes (MDEs) and long-term medical conditions in a Canadian community sample. Methods: A sample of 2542 house hold residents was selected using random digit dialing (RDD). Data were collected by tele phone in ter view. The Composite International Diagnostic In ter view (CIDI)-Short Form for major depression (CIDI-SFMD) was used to identify MDEs occurring in the previous 12 months. Long-term medical conditions were identified by self-report. Results: The prevalence of MDE was elevated in those subjects who re ported 1 or more long-term medical conditions. The association was not due to con founding by age, sex, social support, or stressful recent life events. Conclusion: This study replicates a previously re ported as sociation between depressive disorders and long-term medical conditions. These cross-sectional associations suggest that medical conditions may increase the risk of major depression or that major depression may in crease the risk of medical conditions. Alternatively, comorbid medical conditions may influence the duration of depressive episodes, or vice versa. These explanations are not mutually exclusive.

Bipolar II illness: course and outcome over a five-year period

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Coryell ◽  
Martin Keller ◽  
Jean Endicott ◽  
Nancy Andreasen ◽  
Paula Clayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Bipolar Ii Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Relapse Rates

SynopsisA five year semi-annual follow-up of patients with non-bipolar (N = 442), bipolar II (N = 64) and bipolar I (N = 53) major depression tracked the courses of prospectively observed major depressive, hypomanic and manic syndromes. In all three groups, depression was much more likely in any given week than was hypomania or mania. However, during the majority of weeks, no full syndrome was present and none of the groups exhibited evidence of continuing psychosocial deterioration. Though all three groups exhibited similar times to recovery from index and subsequent major depressive episodes, both bipolar groups had substantially higher relapse rates and developed more episodes of major depression, hypomania and mania. The two bipolar groups, in turn, differed by the severity of manic-like syndromes and thus remained diagnostically stable; the bipolar II patients were much less likely to develop full manic syndromes or to be hospitalized during follow-up. In conjunction with family study data showing that bipolar II disorder breeds true, these data support the separation of bipolar I and bipolar II affective disorder.

scholarly journals Comparison of short-term (saliva) and long-term (hair) cortisol levels in out-patients with melancholic and non-melancholic major depression

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Herane-Vives ◽  
Allan H. Young ◽  
Toby Wise ◽  
Juan Aguirre ◽  
Valeria de Angel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Background Major depressive episodes (MDEs) show diverse cortisol level alterations. Heterogeneity in symptom profiles, symptom severity and cortisol specimens may explain these heterogeneous results. Less severely ill out-patients with a non-melancholic MDE (NM-MDE) may have a variation in the rhythm of cortisol secretion rather than in its concentration. Method Cortisol measures were taken (a) over a short-term period (12 h) by measuring daily salivary output using the area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) and (b) over a long-term period (3 months) in hair. Additionally, cortisol reactivity measures in saliva – the cortisol awakening response and the 30 min delta cortisol secretion after awakening (DELTA) – were investigated in 19 patients with a melancholic MDE (M-MDE) and 52 with a NM-MDE, and in 40 matched controls who were recruited from the UK and Chile. Depression severity scores were correlated with different cortisol measures. Results The NM-MDE group showed a decreased AUCg in comparison with controls (P = 0.02), but normal cortisol reactivity and long-term cortisol levels. The M-MDE group did not exhibit any significant cortisol alterations nor an association with depression severity scores. Higher Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score was linked with decreased hair cortisol concentration (HCC, P = 0.05) and higher DELTA (P = 0.04) in NM-MDEs, whereas decreased HCC was the sole alteration associated with out-patients with severe M-MDEs. Conclusions The contrasting short- and long-term cortisol output results are compatible with an alteration in the rhythm of cortisol secretion in NM-MDEs. This alteration may consist of large and/or intense episodes of hypercortisolaemia in moderate NM-MDEs and frequent, but brief and sharp early-morning DELTAs in its severe form. These changes may reflect the effects of environmental factors or episodes of nocturnal hypercortisolaemia that were not measured by the short-term samples used in this study.

Serotonin, sertraline and depression

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Prevention Of Relapse ◽  
Term Maintenance

Sertraline is a highly selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) whose efficacy in depression has been established in a number of large placebo-controlled studies in patients with moderate to severe major depressive episodes (DSM-III). This antidepressant efficacy appears to be significantly more effective than placebo and imipramine and at least of the same order as that of the reference tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) amitriptyline, clomipramine and dothiepin. More recently, two double-blind parallel group studies have demonstrated comparable efficacy to another SSRI, fluoxetine. Sertraline has demonstrated efficacy in the long-term maintenance and prophylaxis of depression and is one of the few SSRIs currently indicated for the prevention of relapse and recurrence of depression. Fixed dose studies have confirmed the efficacy and optimal tolerability of the minimum 50 mg dose. The efficacy of sertraline, demonstrated across a broad spectrum of depression, and its consistently improved tolerability and safety profile over the TCAs, confirm its potential as a first-line treatment for acute and recurrent episodes of depression.

scholarly journals Long-term observations on the mortality of mentally ill patients admitted to a short-stay psychiatric hospital: 23 years retrospective Egyptian study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia H. Ali ◽  
Eman Shorab ◽  
Ghada A.M. Hassan ◽  
Amany Haroun elRasheed ◽  
Marwa Abdel Rhman Soltan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Preventive Mental Health ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract Background Information about mortality patterns in different psychiatric populations is scanty, yet it is vital for designing successful preventive mental health strategies. In this study, we aimed to assess mortality rates and patterns for the patients admitted to Ain Shams University Institute of Psychiatry (ASUIP) with different psychiatric diagnoses from1990 to 2013. All medical records and related registration files were reviewed and investigated for death cases and their possible causes in a retrospective record linkage study. Data were recorded, tabulated, and coded to be used in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 17. Results The study identified 57 death cases in 23-years duration with a mortality rate of 3/1000. Mortality rates were more in younger patients and females. Medical comorbidity was reported in 34.8% of them. The most common known causes for death in the current sample were cardiac causes 15.2%, followed by cerebrovascular causes that were 10.9%. However, sudden or unknown causes were the most frequent diagnosis in the sample. Conclusions The institute mortality rates were lower than those of the general population during this period. The most common known death causes were cardiovascular problems, which mandates close monitoring of high-risk psychiatric patients with co-morbid cardiac problems. Unknown morality causes represented an unresolved challenge for the current registration system and the quality of care given to patients with serious mental illness.

The Brief Anxiety and Depression Scale (BADS): a new instrument for detecting anxiety and depression in long-term care residents

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Mansbach ◽  
Ryan A. Mace ◽  
Kristen M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Term Care ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

ABSTRACTBackground:Depression and anxiety are common among long-term care residents, yet both appear to be under-recognized and under-treated. In our survey of 164 geriatric health care professionals from 34 U.S. states, 96% of respondents reported that a new instrument that rapidly assesses both depression and anxiety is needed. The Brief Anxiety and Depression Scale (BADS) is a new screening tool that can identify possible major depressive episodes (MDE) and generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) in long-term care residents.Methods:The psychometric properties of the BADS were investigated in a sample of 224 U.S. long-term care residents (aged 80.52 ± 9.07). Participants completed a battery of several individually administered mood and cognitive tests, including the BADS. MDE and GAD were diagnosed based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria.Results:Adequate internal consistency and construct validity were found. A principle component analysis (PCA) revealed an Anxiety Factor and a Depression Factor, which explained 50.26% of the total variance. The Anxiety Factor had a sensitivity of 0.73 and specificity of 0.81 for identifying GAD (PPV = 0.69, NPV = 0.84). The Depression Factor had a sensitivity of 0.76 and a specificity of 0.73 for identifying MDE (PPV = 0.77, NPV = 0.72).Conclusions:The BADS appears to be a reliable and valid screening instrument for MDE and GAD in long-term residents. The BADS can be rapidly administered, is sensitive to mood diagnoses in both patients without dementia and with dementia, and produces separate depression and anxiety factor scores that can be used clinically to identify probable mood diagnoses.

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