scholarly journals The Demand–Control Model and Pupils’ Aggressive Behaviour towards Teachers: A Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10513
Author(s):  
Lars Peter Andersen ◽  
Birgit Aust ◽  
Trine Nøhr Winding
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Emotional Demands ◽  
High Control ◽  
Demand Control ◽  
Support At Work

Purpose: Pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers is a common phenomenon in schools across different countries. The purpose of this study is to test hypotheses that are central to the Job Demand–Control model as risk factors for pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers. Method: Questionnaire data were collected in 2018 and 2019 from teachers at 94 public schools in Denmark. In total, 1198 teachers participated in both rounds. Demands and social support at work were measured in 2018, and pupils’ aggressive behaviour was measured in 2019. The analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Teachers were often exposed to pupils’ aggressive behaviour during their work. High emotional work demands and low control were associated with increased risk of pupils’ aggressive behaviour. No mitigating effect of high control was found on the association between emotional demands and risk for pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers. Conclusion: High emotional demands were strongly associated with the aggressive behaviour of pupils towards teachers. Job control over own work situation was not enough to lower the risk of aggressive behaviour under conditions in which teachers experience high emotional demands. Based on these results, we recommend that supervisors carefully balance teachers’ emotional demands to their resources.

scholarly journals O6C.4 The relationship between the demand-control model and incident cardiovascular disease in ontario canada. A linked analysis of 12,358 workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A56.3-A57
Author(s):  
Peter Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Control ◽  
Demand Control ◽  
The Relationship

Dimensions of the demand-control psychosocial work environment model have previously been linked increased incidence of both diabetes and hypertension in Canada. However, few investigations in Canada have examined the relationship between the demand-control model and cardiovascular disease.We linked Ontario respondents to the 2000, 2002 and 2003 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey, to administrative health care and hospitalisation databases to identify incident cases of cardiovascular disease over a 15 years follow-up period. Our sample included employed labour market respondents, aged 35 and older, working 15 or more hours per week, with information on the psychosocial work environment, and who were free of heart disease at baseline (n=12,358). The demand-control model was defined based on median splits (active, passive, low strain and high strain), although models using the mid-population approach and the ratio of control to demands were also examined.Over the study period 507 incident cardiovascular events occurred. The incidence was higher among men (5.5%) compared to women (2.6%). No statistically significant differences were observed across the four different demand-control categories in the full sample. In stratified analysis, passive work environments (low control and low demands) and low-strain environments (high control and low demands) were associated with increased risk of heart disease (HR=1.94, 95% CI 0.99–3.81; HR=2.06, 95% CI 1.01–4.17), compared to active work (high demands and high control) among women. No similar relationship was observed among men.Among a representative sample of Ontario workers, high strain work environments were not associated with increased risk of heart disease. Passive and low strain environments (both characterised by low psychological demands) were associated with increased risk of heart disease among women, but not men. Implications of these findings for assessment of the psychosocial work environment in Canada will be discussed.

Fragmented QRS, a predictor of clinical events in patients on cardiac resynchronization therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Martinez Milla ◽  
C Garcia-Talavera ◽  
B Arroyo ◽  
A Camblor ◽  
A Garcia-Ropero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Resynchronization Therapy ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defrilator (CRT-D) has been shown to reduce mortality in HFrEF. The width and morphology of the QRS are essential when deciding on the implantation of these devices. QRS fragmentation (fQRS) has been shown to be a good predictor of cardiovascular events in certain patients, but its role in patients with CRT-D has not been studied. The aim of this study is to determine whether the presence of a fQRS at the time of CRT-D implantation can predict clinical events. Methods All patients who underwent CRT-D implantation from 2010 to 2017 were included. Patients' ECG were evaluated at the time of implantation, and the incidence of clinical events during follow-up was also assessed. fQRS was defined as the presence of an RSR' pattern with a notch in the R wave or in the ascending or descending branch of the S wave in two continuous leads on the ECG. Results We studied 131 patients (mean age 73 years, 76.5% male). The mean follow-up period was 37±26 months. No difference in baseline characteristics was found (Table 1); the proportion of fQRS was 48.9%. 25 patients (19.1%) had hospital admissions secondary to cardiovascular causes (heart failure, arrhythmic events, acute coronary syndrome, and death from other causes). We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis aiming at an association between the presence of fQRS and the increased risk of hospital admissions due to cardiovascular causes OR 2.92 (95% CI: 1.04–8.21, P=0.04). Conclusion The presence of a fQRS at the time of implantation of a CRT-D is an independent predictor of hospital admissions due to cardiovascular causes. Therefore this could be a useful marker to identify the population at high risk of cardiovascular events, for this we consider necessary to conduct future studies and thus assess the value of the fQRS for the selection of patients requiring closer monitoring thus avoiding further hospital admissions. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

P0808DEFINING CRITERIA FOR CKD STAGE 3 PATIENTS NEPHROLOGY REFERRAL: AN ANALYSIS FOCUSED ON CKD PROGRESSION AND MORTALITY RISK

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Falcao ◽  
Sara Fernandes ◽  
Adriana Paixão Fernandes ◽  
Beatriz Donato ◽  
Mário Raimundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ckd Stage

Abstract Background and Aims The high prevalence of CKD and its increasing awareness by primary care clinicians is posing a huge burden over health care systems, especially over Nephrology departments. While the referral of CKD stage 4 and 5 to a nephrology clinic is undisputable, the need for stage 3 patients referral is still subject to debate. Our objective was to investigate baseline characteristics of CKD stage 3 patients associated with subsequent CKD progression, in order to help determine which patients should be referred at this stage. Additionally, we investigated the association of CKD stage 3 progression with morbidity and overall mortality. Method We conducted a patient-level, retrospective, cohort analysis of all patients referred to a nephrology clinic over a 6 years period. We included CKD stage 3 patients with at least 36 months of follow-up or 24 to 36 months of follow up with more than 3 serum creatinine determinations. CKD progression was defined by one of the following: 1) an eGFR (CKD-EPI) decline superior to 5mL/min/year; 2) Serum creatinine duplication; 3) The need for chronic RRT. Baseline covariates included demographics, comorbid conditions and laboratory values. Univariate and multivariate analysis were employed to determine independent predictors of CKD progression and mortality. Results Out of the 3008 patients referred to the nephrology clinic, 1288 (42.8%) were CKD stage 3 patients and from these, 594 (19.8%) met the inclusion criteria (median age: 71.9 years; 63.8% male). Median follow-up was 4.9 years (IQR 2.2). 133 (22.4%) met the criteria for CKD progression and 110 (18.6%) died. In univariate analysis, CKD progression was associated with higher proteinuria (405.7 vs 65.5mg/gr, p<0.001), Diabetes (60.9 vs 45.3%, p=0.002), Congestive heart failure (CHF) (40.6 vs 28.7%, p=0.009), Anemia (OMS definition) (68.0 vs 44.7%, p<0.001), higher diuretic use (48.9 vs 34.1%, p=0.002) and higher mortality (40.9 vs 12.2%, p<0.001) In multivariate logistic regression analysis, albuminuria over 300 mg/gr [Odds ratio (OR) 3.57, 95% CI 2.20 - 5.80, p<0.001] and Anemia (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.20 – 3.22, p=0.007) were associated with CKD progression. The possible association with other variables was not confirmed. The independent predictors of mortality were: CKD progression (OR 4.49, 95% CI 2.69-7.50, p=<0.001), Older age (OR per 1 year increase 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, p=0.003), presence of CHF (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.03-2.98, p=<0.037), presence of Hyperkalemia at first consultation (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.00 – 4.52, p=0.049) and Anemia (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.03 - 3.62, p=0.025). Higher body mass index was associated with a lower risk of mortality (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35 – 0.95, p=0.033) Conclusion Our study suggests that patients with macroalbuminuria and anemia at first consultation are at increased risk for rapid CKD stage 3 progression. In this group, patients with CHF, anemia and hyperkalemia (even at first consultation) have a higher risk of mortality. This study may be useful and help us in guiding which CKD stage 3 patients should be referred to a nephrology clinic.

scholarly journals Does Colonic Diverticulosis Raise the Risk of Colorectal Adenoma in Patients with Colorectal Cancer?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Ji Kim ◽  
Dae Bum Kim ◽  
Woo Chul Chung ◽  
Ji Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Colonic Diverticulosis ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of development of colorectal adenomas in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) with and without colonic diverticulosis. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study that included patients with CRC between 2008 and 2011. All patients underwent preoperative colonoscopic and barium enema examinations. Follow-up colonoscopic examinations were performed within 1 year and between 3 and 5 years postoperatively. The incidence of colorectal adenomas was compared based on the presence or absence of diverticulosis. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors independently associated with the development of synchronous and metachronous colorectal adenomas. Results. Of the 168 patients with CRC included in the study, 55 showed colonic diverticulosis. Synchronous colorectal adenomas were more common in CRC patients with diverticulosis than in those without diverticulosis (P>0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that colonic diverticulosis (odds ratio (OR) 3.874, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.843–8.144, P>0.001) and obesity (body mass index>25.0 kg/m2, OR 2.395, 95% CI 1.089–5.270, P=0.030) were associated with an increased risk of synchronous colorectal adenomas. The presence of synchronous colorectal adenomas increased the risk of metachronous colorectal adenomas (OR 4.407, 95% CI 1.855–10.473, P>0.001). Conclusions. Colonic diverticulosis was associated with synchronous colorectal adenomas in patients with CRC, which is eventually increasing the risk of metachronous adenomas.

Application of Karasek's Demand/Control Model in a Canadian Occupational Setting Including Shift Workers during a Period of Reorganization and Downsizing

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Schechter ◽  
Lawrence W. Green ◽  
Lise Olsen ◽  
Karen Kruse ◽  
Margaret Cargo
Keyword(s):  
High Strain ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
General Level ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Job Type ◽  
High Control ◽  
Demand Control

Purpose. To apply Karasek's Job Content Model to an analysis of the relationships between job type and perceived stress and stress behaviors in a large company during a period of reorganization and downsizing. Design. Cross-sectional mail-out, mail-back survey. Setting. A large Canadian telephone/telecommunications company. Subjects. Stratified random sample (stratified by job category) of 2200 out of 13,000 employees with a response rate of 48.8%. Measures. Responses to 25 of Karasek's core questions were utilized to define four job types: low demand and high control = “relaxed”; high demand and high control = “active”; low demand and low control = “passive”, and high demand with low control = “high strain.” These job types were compared against self-reported stress levels, perceived general level of health, absenteeism, alcohol use, exercise level, and use of medications and drugs. Similar analyses were performed to assess the influence of shift work. Results. Employees with “passive” or “high strain” job types reported higher levels of stress (trend test p <.0001); poorer health (trend test p = .006); and higher levels of absenteeism (trend test p >.0001). More shift workers reported themselves in poor or fair health (chi-square p = .018) and reported high levels of stress at home (chi-square p = .002) than nonshift workers. The relationships between job type and levels of stress, health, and absenteeism, however, held for nonshift workers as well. Conclusions. Job types with high demand and low control were associated with increased stress, increased absenteeism, and poorer self-concept of health. The demand/control model of Karasek and Theorell was validated in this setting with respect to stress and some stress-associated attitudes and behaviors.

scholarly journals Potential Novel Serum Metabolic Markers Associated With Progression of Prediabetes to Overt Diabetes in a Chinese Population

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Ren ◽  
Diao zhu Lin ◽  
Zhi Peng Liu ◽  
Kan Sun ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results

BackgroundIdentifying the metabolite profile of individuals with prediabetes who turned to type 2 diabetes (T2D) may give novel insights into early T2D interception. The purpose of this study was to identify metabolic markers that predict the development of T2D from prediabetes in a Chinese population.MethodsWe used an untargeted metabolomics approach to investigate the associations between serum metabolites and risk of prediabetes who turned to overt T2D (n=153, mean follow up 5 years) in a Chinese population (REACTION study). Results were compared with matched controls who had prediabetes at baseline [age: 56 ± 7 years old, body mass index (BMI): 24.2 ± 2.8 kg/m2] and at a 5-year follow-up [age: 61 ± 7 years old, BMI: 24.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2]. Confounding factors were adjusted and the associations between metabolites and diabetes risk were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression analysis. A 10-fold cross-validation random forest classification (RFC) model was used to select the optimal metabolites panels for predicting the development of diabetes, and to internally validate the discriminatory capability of the selected metabolites beyond conventional clinical risk factors.FindingsMetabolic alterations, including those associated with amino acid and lipid metabolism, were associated with an increased risk of prediabetes progressing to diabetes. The most important metabolites were inosine [odds ratio (OR) = 19.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.23-85.37] and carvacrol (OR = 17.63; 95% CI: 4.98-62.34). Thirteen metabolites were found to improve T2D risk prediction beyond eight conventional T2D risk factors [area under the curve (AUC) was 0.98 for risk factors + metabolites vs 0.72 for risk factors, P &lt; 0.05].InterpretationsUse of the metabolites identified in this study may help determine patients with prediabetes who are at highest risk of progressing to diabetes.

scholarly journals Work-related stress according to the demand-control model and minor psychic disorders in nursing workers

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1180-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janete de Souza Urbanetto ◽  
Maria Cristina Cademartori Magalhaes ◽  
Vanessa Oreda Maciel ◽  
Viviane Massena SantAnna ◽  
Andreia da Silva Gustavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Psychic Disorders ◽  
High Control ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Demand Control

This was a cross-sectional study that aimed to assess the association between work-related stress according to the Demand-Control Model, and the occurrence of Minor Psychic Disorder (MPD) in nursing workers. The participants were 335 professionals, out of which 245 were nursing technicians, aged predominantly between 20 and 40 years. Data were collected using the Job Stress Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. The analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The prevalence of suspected MPD was 20.6%. Workers classified in the quadrants active job and high strain of the Demand-Control Model presented higher potential for developing MPD compared with those classified in the quadrant low strain. In conclusion, stress affects the mental health of workers and the aspects related to high psychological demands and high control still require further insight in order to understand their influence on the disease processes of nursing workers.

Reoperation for Proximal Adjacent Segment Pathology in Posterior Cervical Fusion Constructs that Fuse to C2 vs C3

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. E520-E526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanxuan Xia ◽  
Risheng Xu ◽  
Thomas A Kosztowski ◽  
Seba Ramhmdani ◽  
A Karim Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Adjacent Segment ◽  
Cervicothoracic Junction ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Fusion Construct ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Natural Motion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Posterior Cervical Fusion

Abstract BACKGROUND Few studies have described rates of proximal clinical adjacent segment pathology (CASP) after posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF). OBJECTIVE To investigate rates of proximal CASP at C2 vs C3 in PCDFs for degenerative spine disease. METHODS A retrospective review of 380 cases of PCDF for degenerative disease with proximal constructs ending at C2 vs C3 was performed. Minimum follow-up was 12 mo. The primary outcome was proximal CASP requiring reoperation. Variable analysis included demographic, operative, and complication data. RESULTS There were 119 patients in the C2 group and 261 in the C3 group with no significant differences in age, gender, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, or complications. Vertebral artery injury rates were 0.8% in the C2 group and 0.0% in the C3 group (P = .12). No patients in the C2 group had reoperation for proximal CASP, while 5.0% of patients in the C3 group did (P = .01). Patients with arthrodesis up to C3 had an increased risk of proximal failure when the fusion construct crossed the cervicothoracic junction (P = .03). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no factors that were independently associated with re-instrumentation for proximal CASP. CONCLUSION Instrumenting to the C2 level reduces the risk for proximal CASP compared to fusion only up to C3. The type of instrumentation used at these 2 levels, form of ASP disease at C1-C2, and natural motion of the relevant proximal adjacent joint may contribute to this difference. Furthermore, within the C3 cohort, fusion across the cervicothoracic junction increased the risk for proximal CASP.

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