Application of Karasek's Demand/Control Model in a Canadian Occupational Setting Including Shift Workers during a Period of Reorganization and Downsizing

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Schechter ◽  
Lawrence W. Green ◽  
Lise Olsen ◽  
Karen Kruse ◽  
Margaret Cargo
Keyword(s):  
High Strain ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
General Level ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Job Type ◽  
High Control ◽  
Demand Control

Purpose. To apply Karasek's Job Content Model to an analysis of the relationships between job type and perceived stress and stress behaviors in a large company during a period of reorganization and downsizing. Design. Cross-sectional mail-out, mail-back survey. Setting. A large Canadian telephone/telecommunications company. Subjects. Stratified random sample (stratified by job category) of 2200 out of 13,000 employees with a response rate of 48.8%. Measures. Responses to 25 of Karasek's core questions were utilized to define four job types: low demand and high control = “relaxed”; high demand and high control = “active”; low demand and low control = “passive”, and high demand with low control = “high strain.” These job types were compared against self-reported stress levels, perceived general level of health, absenteeism, alcohol use, exercise level, and use of medications and drugs. Similar analyses were performed to assess the influence of shift work. Results. Employees with “passive” or “high strain” job types reported higher levels of stress (trend test p <.0001); poorer health (trend test p = .006); and higher levels of absenteeism (trend test p >.0001). More shift workers reported themselves in poor or fair health (chi-square p = .018) and reported high levels of stress at home (chi-square p = .002) than nonshift workers. The relationships between job type and levels of stress, health, and absenteeism, however, held for nonshift workers as well. Conclusions. Job types with high demand and low control were associated with increased stress, increased absenteeism, and poorer self-concept of health. The demand/control model of Karasek and Theorell was validated in this setting with respect to stress and some stress-associated attitudes and behaviors.

scholarly journals The Demand–Control Model and Pupils’ Aggressive Behaviour towards Teachers: A Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10513
Author(s):  
Lars Peter Andersen ◽  
Birgit Aust ◽  
Trine Nøhr Winding
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Emotional Demands ◽  
High Control ◽  
Demand Control ◽  
Support At Work

Purpose: Pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers is a common phenomenon in schools across different countries. The purpose of this study is to test hypotheses that are central to the Job Demand–Control model as risk factors for pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers. Method: Questionnaire data were collected in 2018 and 2019 from teachers at 94 public schools in Denmark. In total, 1198 teachers participated in both rounds. Demands and social support at work were measured in 2018, and pupils’ aggressive behaviour was measured in 2019. The analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Teachers were often exposed to pupils’ aggressive behaviour during their work. High emotional work demands and low control were associated with increased risk of pupils’ aggressive behaviour. No mitigating effect of high control was found on the association between emotional demands and risk for pupils’ aggressive behaviour towards teachers. Conclusion: High emotional demands were strongly associated with the aggressive behaviour of pupils towards teachers. Job control over own work situation was not enough to lower the risk of aggressive behaviour under conditions in which teachers experience high emotional demands. Based on these results, we recommend that supervisors carefully balance teachers’ emotional demands to their resources.

scholarly journals O6C.4 The relationship between the demand-control model and incident cardiovascular disease in ontario canada. A linked analysis of 12,358 workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A56.3-A57
Author(s):  
Peter Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Control ◽  
Demand Control ◽  
The Relationship

Dimensions of the demand-control psychosocial work environment model have previously been linked increased incidence of both diabetes and hypertension in Canada. However, few investigations in Canada have examined the relationship between the demand-control model and cardiovascular disease.We linked Ontario respondents to the 2000, 2002 and 2003 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey, to administrative health care and hospitalisation databases to identify incident cases of cardiovascular disease over a 15 years follow-up period. Our sample included employed labour market respondents, aged 35 and older, working 15 or more hours per week, with information on the psychosocial work environment, and who were free of heart disease at baseline (n=12,358). The demand-control model was defined based on median splits (active, passive, low strain and high strain), although models using the mid-population approach and the ratio of control to demands were also examined.Over the study period 507 incident cardiovascular events occurred. The incidence was higher among men (5.5%) compared to women (2.6%). No statistically significant differences were observed across the four different demand-control categories in the full sample. In stratified analysis, passive work environments (low control and low demands) and low-strain environments (high control and low demands) were associated with increased risk of heart disease (HR=1.94, 95% CI 0.99–3.81; HR=2.06, 95% CI 1.01–4.17), compared to active work (high demands and high control) among women. No similar relationship was observed among men.Among a representative sample of Ontario workers, high strain work environments were not associated with increased risk of heart disease. Passive and low strain environments (both characterised by low psychological demands) were associated with increased risk of heart disease among women, but not men. Implications of these findings for assessment of the psychosocial work environment in Canada will be discussed.

scholarly journals Work-related stress according to the demand-control model and minor psychic disorders in nursing workers

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1180-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janete de Souza Urbanetto ◽  
Maria Cristina Cademartori Magalhaes ◽  
Vanessa Oreda Maciel ◽  
Viviane Massena SantAnna ◽  
Andreia da Silva Gustavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Psychic Disorders ◽  
High Control ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Demand Control

This was a cross-sectional study that aimed to assess the association between work-related stress according to the Demand-Control Model, and the occurrence of Minor Psychic Disorder (MPD) in nursing workers. The participants were 335 professionals, out of which 245 were nursing technicians, aged predominantly between 20 and 40 years. Data were collected using the Job Stress Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. The analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The prevalence of suspected MPD was 20.6%. Workers classified in the quadrants active job and high strain of the Demand-Control Model presented higher potential for developing MPD compared with those classified in the quadrant low strain. In conclusion, stress affects the mental health of workers and the aspects related to high psychological demands and high control still require further insight in order to understand their influence on the disease processes of nursing workers.

scholarly journals Shift Work and Dry Eye Disease in the Korean Working Population: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5492
Author(s):  
Joonho Ahn ◽  
So-Jung Ryu ◽  
Jihun Song ◽  
Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Chi Square Test

This study aimed to evaluate the association between shift work and dry eye disease (DED) in the general population. The 2011 Korea Health Panel (KHP) was used. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between shift work and DED. Stratification analysis was conducted by sex and age. Overall, the odds ratio (OR) of DED according to shift work did not showed significant results (adjusted OR = 1.230, 95% CI 0.758–1.901). When findings were stratified based on age older or younger than 40 years, the OR of DED increased to 2.85 (95% CI: 1.25–5.90) in shift workers under 40 years of age. Our results show an association between shift work and DED in a group of younger subjects.

scholarly journals Intention to Quit and the Demand Control Model: A Case of Malaysian Multimedia Super Corridor Status Companies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrul Nizam bin Salahudin ◽  
Abdullah Osman ◽  
Muhammad Safizal Abdullah ◽  
Afdzal Aizat Ramlia ◽  
Siti Noreen Annuar Lim
Keyword(s):  
Control Model ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Multimedia Super Corridor ◽  
Demand Control

scholarly journals Psychosocial job exposure and risk of coronary artery calcification

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252192
Author(s):  
Helena Eriksson ◽  
Kjell Torén ◽  
Annika Rosengren ◽  
Eva Andersson ◽  
Mia Söderberg
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
And Control ◽  
Demand Control

Purpose The aim was to examine potential associations between psychosocial job exposures, evaluated with the Job Demand-Control-model, and presence of coronary artery calcium. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study using the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study,(SCAPIS)pilot study. Coronary artery calcium was assessed through computed tomography of the coronary arteries and with coronary artery scoring, CACS. Main outcome was CACS ≥100 compared to CACS 0. Job demand and control was analysed according to the standard categorization of the two variables into: high strain, active, passive and low strain (reference). Associations between these variables and CACS were calculated with prevalence ratios (PR) using Cox regression with robust variance, 95% confidence intervals (CI) and adjusted for age, smoking, education, socioeconomic area and metabolic syndrome. Results In total 777 participants were used in our analyses, for which 20% of the men and 5% of the women had CACS ≥100, respectively. The PR of having CACS ≥100 was non-significantly elevated for men in high strain jobs 1.54 (95% CI 0.88–2.69) and in active jobs 1.67 (95% CI 0.92–3.06), adjusted for covariates. For women there was no association between exposure to high strain and having CACS ≥100 PR 1.02 (95% CI 0.24–4.31). Among women reporting passive job, the PR was non-significantly elevated, 2.40 (95% CI 0.83–6.92), adjusted for covariates. Conclusion The statistical power of the study was limited, but our results suggests the possibility that exposure to a high strain or an active job situation may increase the risk of CACS in men, while in women, it may rather be exposure to passive job.

scholarly journals Age differences in clinical features and outcomes in patients with COVID-19, Jiangsu, China: a retrospective, multi-center cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanyuan Luo ◽  
Songqiao Liu ◽  
Yuancheng Wang ◽  
Penelope A. Phillips-Howard ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives To determine the age-specific clinical presentations and incidence of adverse outcomes among patients with COVID-19 in Jiangsu, China. Design and setting This is a retrospective, multi-center cohort study performed at twenty-four hospitals in Jiangsu, China. Participants From January 10 to March 15, 2020, 625 patients with COVID-19 were involved. Results Of the 625 patients (median age, 46 years; 329 [52.6%] males), 37 (5.9%) were children (18 years or less), 261 (40%) young adults (19-44 years), 248 (39.7%) middle-aged adults (45-64 years), and 79 (12.6%) elderly (65 years or more). The incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes comorbidities increased with age (trend test, P < .0001, P = 0.0003, P < .0001, and P < .0001 respectively). Fever, cough, and shortness of breath occurred more commonly among older patients, especially the elderly, compared to children (Chi-square test, P = 0.0008, 0.0146, and 0.0282, respectively). The quadrant score and pulmonary opacity score increased with age (trend test, both P < .0001). Older patients had significantly more abnormal values in many laboratory parameters than younger patients. Elderly patients contributed the highest proportion of severe or critically-ill cases (33.0%, Chi-square test P < 0.001), intensive care unit (ICU) (35.4%, Chi-square test P < 0.001), and respiratory failure (31.6%, Chi-square test P = 0.0266), and longest hospital stay (21 days, ANOVA-test P < 0.001). Conclusions Elderly (≥65) patients with COVID-19 had the highest risk of severe or critical illness, intensive care use, respiratory failure, and the longest hospital stay, which may be due partly to that they had higher incidence of comorbidities and poor immune responses to COVID-19.

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