scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Preschool-Aged Children’s Movement Behaviors in Hong Kong: A Longitudinal Analysis of Accelerometer-Measured Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11907
Author(s):  
Johan Y. Y. Ng ◽  
Qing He ◽  
Kar Hau Chong ◽  
Anthony D. Okely ◽  
Cecilia H. S. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many preschool-aged children were forced to remain indoors due to social distancing measures and school closures. In this study, we examined how children’s movement behaviors (sedentary behaviors, physical activity, and sleep) were affected by the pandemic. Children’s (N = 25, age = 4.4 years, SD = 0.3) movement behaviors were measured before and after the COVID outbreak, respectively. Data collected using accelerometers were analyzed using compositional data analyses. A significant change in the overall time-use composition (F = 5.89, p = 0.002) was found. Results suggested that children spent more time sleeping (8% increase) and in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (16% increase), with less time spent in sedentary behaviors (9% decrease). However, parent reports suggested that children were less active and had more screen time. In conclusion, the current evidence suggests that children’s physical activity is not negatively impacted by the pandemic. However, the continuous surveillance of movement behaviors of young children during the pandemic is needed.

Evaluation of a Redesigned Outdoor Space on Preschool Children’s Physical Activity During Recess

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Nicaise ◽  
David Kahan ◽  
Karen Reuben ◽  
James F. Sallis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Light Activity ◽  
Outdoor Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity ◽  
Cycle Path

This study investigated the impact of renovation and redesign of a university preschool’s outdoor space on children’s sedentary behavior, light activity, and moderate-to-vigorous-physical-activity (MVPA) during unstructured recess. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry and direct observation in two independent samples of 50 (baseline) and 57 (postintervention) children (Mage=4.4 yrs ± 0.5). Controlling for gender, age, BMI and recess length, observational data, but not accelerometry, revealed a significant decrease in intervals spent sedentary (-26.5%) and increases in light physical activity (+11.6%) and MVPA (+14.9%). Higher levels of MVPA were associated with specific environmental changes (new looping cycle path, OR = 2.18; increased playground open space, OR = 7.62; and new grass hill, OR = 3.27). Decreased sedentary behavior and increased light activity and MVPA may be realized with environmental changes that promote continuous and novel movement experiences in more expansive spaces.

scholarly journals Compositional analysis of the association between mortality and 24-hour movement behaviour from NHANES

2019 ◽  
pp. 204748731986778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan E McGregor ◽  
Javier Palarea-Albaladejo ◽  
Philippa M Dall ◽  
Borja del Pozo Cruz ◽  
Sebastien FM Chastin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Daily Time

Aims Previous prospective studies of the association between mortality and physical activity have generally not fully accounted for the interplay between movement behaviours. A compositional data modelling approach accounts for relative scale and co-dependency in time-use data across physical activity behaviours of the 24-hour day. Methods A prospective analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006 on N = 1468 adults ( d = 135 deaths) in ages 50–79 years was undertaken using compositional Cox regression analysis. Daily time spent in sedentary behaviour, light intensity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was determined from waist-mounted accelerometer data (Actigraph 7164) and supplemented with self-reported sleep data to determine the daily time-use composition. Results The composition of time spent in sedentary behaviour, LIPA, MVPA and sleep was associated with mortality rate after allowing for age and sex effects ( p < 0.001), and remained significant when other lifestyle factors were added ( p < 0.001). This was driven primarily by the preponderance of MVPA; however, significant changes are attributable to LIPA relative to sedentary behaviour and sleep, and sedentary behaviour relative to sleep. The final ratio ceased to be statistically significant after incorporating lifestyle factors. The preponderance of MVPA ceased to be statistically significant after incorporating health at outset and physical limitations on movement. Conclusions An association is inferred between survival rate and the physical activity composition of the day. The MVPA time share is important, but time spent in LIPA relative to sedentary behaviour and sleep is also a significant factor. Increased preponderance of MVPA may have detrimental associations at higher levels of MVPA.

Longitudinal Trajectories of Children’s Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors on Weekdays and Weekends

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Jung Eun Lee ◽  
David F. Stodden ◽  
Zan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Background: The objective was to examine changes of children’s time spent in sedentary, light physical activity, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and estimated energy expenditure (EE) rates during weekdays and weekends across 3 years. Methods: An initial sample of 261 children’s (mean age = 7.81 y) 5-day physical activity and EE were assessed annually via accelerometry across 3 years using repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance. The outcome variables were time spent in sedentary, light physical activity, MVPA, and kilocalories per day for weekdays and weekends. Results: A significant decrease in MVPA and EE occurred during weekdays across the 3 years (P = .01). Only the second-year data demonstrated an increase (+2.49 min) in weekend MVPA (P = .04). Children’s sedentary time during weekdays increased significantly in years 1 and 2 (P = .01), yet significantly decreased in the third year (−44.31 min). Children’s sedentary time during weekends significantly decreased in the first year (−27.31 min), but increased in the following 2 years (P = .01). Children’s light physical activity demonstrated a statistically significant increase in year 2 (+3.75 min) during weekdays (P = .05). Conclusions: Children’s MVPA and EE generally declined during weekdays but were maintained during weekends across a 3-year time span. Children may benefit most from weekday intervention strategies.

scholarly journals The Impact of Physical Activity on Food Reward: Review and Conceptual Synthesis of Evidence from Observational, Acute, and Chronic Exercise Training Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Beaulieu ◽  
Pauline Oustric ◽  
Graham Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Training Studies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose of Review This review brings together current evidence from observational, acute, and chronic exercise training studies to inform public debate on the impact of physical activity and exercise on food reward. Recent Findings Low levels of physical activity are associated with higher liking and wanting for high-energy food. Acute bouts of exercise tend to reduce behavioral indices of reward for high-energy food in inactive individuals. A dissociation in liking (increase) and wanting (decrease) may occur during chronic exercise training associated with loss of body fat. Habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with lower liking and wanting for high-fat food, and higher liking for low-fat food. Summary Food reward does not counteract the benefit of increasing physical activity levels for obesity management. Exercise training appears to be accompanied by positive changes in food preferences in line with an overall improvement in appetite control.

scholarly journals Associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviors with child mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Gilbert ◽  
Laurel Schmidt ◽  
Alan Beck ◽  
Maura M. Kepper ◽  
Stephanie Mazzucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Perceived Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in public health and policy measures to reduce in-person contact and the transmission of the virus. These measures impacted daily life and mental well-being (MWB). The aims of this study were to explore the MWB impacts of COVID-19 on children and assess the associations among perceived changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB), with perceived MWB changes, using a mixed-methods approach. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-methods design consisting of an online survey with a convenience sample and interviews was conducted from May through July 2020 with parents/caregivers of kindergarten through 5th graders in the St. Louis region. Survey domains assessed included child MWB, PA, and SB. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed using a code book developed to elicit themes. Survey data was analyzed with chi-squared tests and logistic regressions. The dependent variable was perceived change in child MWB due to the impact of COVID-19. Independent variables included perceived changes in PA, SB, and child concerns about COVID-19. Results Sample size consisted of 144 surveys and 16 interviews. Most parents reported a perceived decrease in child MWB (74%), a decrease in child PA (61%), and an increase in child SB (91%). Discontentment with stay-at-home orders and concern about COVID-19 were associated with a perceived decrease in MWB. Children whose PA decreased were 53% less likely to have the same or better MWB (OR 0.47) and children whose outside PA decreased were 72% less likely to have the same or better MWB (OR 0.28). Common qualitative themes included difficulty in adjusting to COVID-19 restrictions due to school closures and lack of socializing, child concerns about family getting sick, and PA benefits for improving MWB. Conclusions Based on parent perceptions, MWB decreased with COVID-19. Maintained or increased child PA improved the chances MWB would remain the same or improve. Parent interviews provide context to these findings by showing how COVID-19 impacted MWB and the associations between PA and MWB. Understanding protective factors for child MWB during COVID-19 is important to offset negative long-term health outcomes from this ongoing pandemic.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Position and Children’s Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors: Longitudinal Findings From the CLAN Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Ball ◽  
Verity J. Cleland ◽  
Anna F. Timperio ◽  
Jo Salmon ◽  
David A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Background:This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and physical activity and sedentary behaviors among children and adolescents.Methods:Maternal education was reported by parents of 184 children 5 to 6 years old and 358 children 10 to 12 years old in 2001. In 2001 and 2004, physical activity was assessed by accelerometry. Older children self-reported and parents of younger children proxy-reported physical activity and TV-viewing behaviors. Linear regression was used to predict physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and changes in these behaviors, from maternal education.Results:Among all children, accelerometer-determined and self- or parent-reported moderate and vigorous physical activity declined over 3 years. Girls of higher SEP demonstrated greater decreases in TV-viewing behaviors than those of low SEP. In general, no prospective associations were evident between SEP and objectively assessed physical activity. A small number of prospective associations were noted between SEP and self-reported physical activity, but these were generally weak and inconsistent in direction.Conclusions:This study did not find strong evidence that maternal education was cross-sectionally or longitudinally predictive of children’s physical activity or sedentary behaviors. Given the well-documented inverse relationship of SEP with physical activity levels in adult samples, the findings suggest that such disparities might emerge after adolescence.

scholarly journals The difference in sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity between older adults with ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ cardiometabolic profiles: a cross-sectional compositional data analysis approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan John Ryan ◽  
Jorgen Antonin Wullems ◽  
Georgina Kate Stebbings ◽  
Christopher Ian Morse ◽  
Claire Elizabeth Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Sample Time

Abstract Background Studies have seldom used Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) to map the effects of sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity on older adults’ cardio-metabolic profiles. This study therefore aimed to illustrate how sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity profiles differ between older adult groups (60–89 years), with ‘low’ compared to those with ‘high’ concentrations of endocrine cardio-metabolic disease risk markers, using CoDA. Method Ninety-three participants (55% female) wore a thigh-mounted triaxial accelerometer for seven consecutive free-living days. Accelerometer estimates of daily average hours of engagement in sedentary behaviour (SB), standing, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), sporadic moderate-vigorous physical activity (sMVPA, accumulated with bouts between 1 and 10 min), 10-min moderate-vigorous physical activity (10MVPA, accumulated with bouts ≥10 min), in addition to self-reported sleeping hours were reported. Fasted whole blood concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and glycated haemoglobin, and serum lipoprotein lipase (LPL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and procollagen III N-terminal propeptide were determined. Results Triglyceride concentration appeared to be highly dependent on 10MVPA engagement as the ‘low’ and ‘high’ concentration groups engaged in 48% more and 32% less 10MVPA, respectively, relative to the geometric mean of the entire study sample. Time-use composition of the ‘low’ LPL group’s engagement in 10MVPA was 26% less, while the ‘high’ LPL group was 7.9% more, than the entire study sample. Time-use composition of the ‘high’ glucose and glycated haemoglobin groups appeared to be similar as both engaged in more Sleep and SB, and less 10MVPA compared to the study sample. Participants with a ‘low’ IL-6 concentration engaged in 4.8% more Sleep and 2.7% less 10MVPA than the entire study sample. Time-use composition of the Total Cholesterol groups was mixed with the ‘low’ concentration group engaging in more Standing and 10MVPA but less Sleep, SB, LIPA, and sMVPA than the entire study sample. Conclusion Older adults should aim to increase 10MVPA engagement to improve lipid profile and decrease SB engagement to improve glucose profile.

scholarly journals Non-Wear Time and Presentation of Compositional 24-Hour Time-Use Analyses Influence Conclusions About Sleep and Body Mass Index in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Jillian J. Haszard ◽  
Kim Meredith-Jones ◽  
Victoria Farmer ◽  
Sheila Williams ◽  
Barbara Galland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Children First ◽  
The Impact

Although 24-hour time-use data are increasingly being examined in relation to indices of health, consensus has yet to be reached about the best way to present estimates from compositional analyses. This analysis explored the impact of different presentations of results when assessing the relationship between 24-hour time-use and body mass index (BMI) z-score using compositional analysis of 5-day actigraphy data in 742 children. First it was found that reallocating non-wear time to day-time components only (sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) before normalization to 24 hours provided stronger estimates with BMI z-score than simply removing non-wear time before normalization. Estimates for sleep time were substantially affected, where associations with BMI z-score nearly doubled (mean difference [95% CI] in BMI z-score for 10% longer sleep were −0.20 [−0.32, −0.08] compared to −0.11 [−0.23, 0.002]). Presenting estimates in terms of a greater number of minutes in a component, relative to all others, showed MVPA to be the strongest predictor of BMI z-score, while estimates in terms of the proportion of minutes showed sleep to be the strongest predictor. Both presentations have value. However, presentations in terms of one-to-one “substitutions” of time may need careful interpretation due to the uneven distribution of time in each component. In conclusion, when analyzing relationships between 24-hour time-use and health outcomes, non-wear time and presentation of estimates can impact final conclusions. As a result, the current understanding of the importance of sleep for child health may be underestimated.

Convergent Validity of a Piezoelectric Pedometer and an Omnidirectional Accelerometer for Measuring Children’s Physical Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Duncan ◽  
Kate White ◽  
Losi Sa’ulilo ◽  
Grant Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Low Level ◽  
School Day ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Equivalent Test ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

The aim of this study was to assess the convergent validity of a new piezoelectric pedometer and an omnidirectional accelerometer for assessing children’s time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A total of 114 children (51 boys, 63 girls) aged 5–11 years wore a sealed NL-1000 piezoelectric pedometer (New Lifestyles Inc, Lee’s Summit, MO) and an Actical accelerometer (Mini Mitter, Bend, OR) over one school day. The NL-1000 pedometers were randomized to one of two manual intensity thresholds used to define MVPA (1): Level 3 = 2.9 metabolic equivalent test (MET) and (2) Level 4 = 3.6 MET. Compared with the Actical, the NL-1000 underestimated the time spent in MVPA by 37% and 45% at intensity levels 3 and 4, respectively. In addition, the 95% limits of agreement were wide at both intensity levels (level 3 = -144%, 70%; level 4 = -135%, 45%), indicating a low level of precision.

scholarly journals The Intricacies of Children’s Physical Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A Brusseau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
School Recess ◽  
Physical Activity Programming ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

AbstractUnderstanding the physical activity patterns of youth is an essential step in preparing programming and interventions needed to change behavior. To date, little is known about the intricacies of youth physical activity across various physical activity segments (i.e. in school, out of school, recess, classroom physical activity, physical education, weekends, etc.). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the physical activity patterns of elementary school children across various segments and during two seasons. A total of 287 fourth and fifth graders from the Southwest US wore the Yamax Digiwalker SW-200 pedometer for 7 consecutive days during the Fall and Spring seasons. Children were prompted to record their step counts when arriving and leaving school, before and after physical education and recess, as well as on the weekends. Means and standard deviations were calculated and ANOVAs and t tests were utilized to examine difference by sex, season, and segment. Youth were more active outside of school and on weekdays (p<0.05). Boys were generally more active than girls and all youth were more active during the milder Spring season. There is a clear need for Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming and weekend physical activity opportunities. Furthermore, greater emphasis is needed on PE and across other activity segments for girls to increase their physical activity levels.

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