scholarly journals Factors Associated with Subsequent Childbirth between Marriage Years in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12560
Author(s):  
Jeongok Park ◽  
Kyoungjin Lee ◽  
Heejung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Government ◽  
Group 1

This study aimed to identify differences in factors associated with subsequent childbirth between the marriage years of 1996–2005 (Group 1) and 2006–2015 (Group 2) using the 2015 National Survey. A total of 5097 eligible participants (2492 and 2605 women in each group, respectively) were included. The main variables consisted of demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, value for child and son, and social support for raising child. For statistical analysis, discrete-time hazard models were used. The common factors associated with subsequent childbirth in both groups were son preference (Group 1: HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.06–1.27, Group 2: HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.04–1.24) and the favorable value on children (HR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.01–1.25, HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.01–1.22). Only in Group 2, age at the first childbirth (HR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.31–1.39) and more monthly income (≥4600, <6000: HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.04–1.33, ≥6000: HR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.00–1.32) were significantly associated with subsequent children. Whereas, working women (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.78–0.94) were less likely to have subsequent children. To increase fertility in Korea, the government must provide childcare and deal with factors associated with low fertility considering the reduction in role incomparability for women due to changes in demographic characteristics.

Epicuticular waxes of the genus Hordeum: a survey of their chemical composition and ultrastructure

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 3219-3226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum ◽  
A. Pat Tulloch ◽  
L. Grant Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Average Alcohol ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Group 1

This study was based on 148 accessions representing 39 species of Hordeum. SEM ultrastructural morphology of waxes was based on individual spikelets, whereas waxes' chemical composition was assessed from whole plants. When all the data, in the form of individual accessions, were subjected to various cluster analyses methods, no groupings were revealed. But when the data were first summarized by species and then subjected to clustering, two polythetic groups of species were detected. Group 1 is characterized by species with 40–60% average alcohol content and by the common presence of diketones, whereas group 2 is characterized by species with 61 – 80% average alcohol content, by the total absence of hydroxy-β-diketone, and almost all species without β-diketone. The chemical data were then subjected to classificatory discriminant analysis to assess if a single previously unclassified accession could be identified into one of the two groupings. The nature of the differences between the two groupings was described by means of a canonical discriminant analysis. Mostly only plates and filaments were detected, and in many accessions the filaments were widened, appeared platelike, and were characteristic for one group. Presence of β-diketone varied within species. Hordeum violaceum was found to be unique in chemical composition.

scholarly journals Reduction of exposure to blood donors in preterm infants submitted to red blood cell transfusions using pediatric satellite packs

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lika Uezima ◽  
Ariane Moreira Barreto ◽  
Ruth Guinsburg ◽  
Akemi Kuroda Chiba ◽  
José Orlando Bordin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Erythrocyte Transfusion ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: In preterm newborn infants transfused with erythrocytes stored up to 28 days, to compare the reduction of blood donor exposure in two groups of infants classified according to birth weight. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with preterm infants with birth weight <1000g (Group 1) and 1000-1499g (Group 2), born between April, 2008 and December, 2009. Neonates submitted to exchange transfusions, emergency erythrocyte transfusion, or those who died in the first 24 hours of life were excluded. Transfusions were indicated according to the local guideline using pediatric transfusion satellite bags. Demographic and clinical data, besides number of transfusions and donors were assessed. . Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with multiple transfusions. RESULTS: 30 and 48 neonates were included in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The percentage of newborns with more than one erythrocyte transfusion (90 versus 11%), the median number of transfusions (3 versus 1) and the median of blood donors (2 versus 1) were higher in Group 1 (p<0.001), compared to Group 2. Among those with multiple transfusions, 14 (82%) and one (50%) presented 50% reduction in the number of blood donors, respectively in Groups 1 and 2. Factors associated with multiple transfusions were: birth weight <1000g (OR 11.91; 95%CI 2.14-66.27) and presence of arterial umbilical catheter (OR 8.59; 95%CI 1.94-38.13), adjusted for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of pediatrics satellites bags on blood donor reduction was higher in preterm infants with birth weight <1000g.

Urbanization and risk for schizophrenia: does the effect operate before or around the time of illness onset?

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1197-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MARCELIS ◽  
N. TAKEI ◽  
J. VAN OS
Keyword(s):  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background. Higher level of urbanicity of place of birth and of place of residence at the time of illness onset has been shown to increase the risk for adult schizophrenia. However, because urban birth and urban residence are strongly correlated, no conclusions can be drawn about the timing of the risk-increasing effect. The current study discriminated between any effect of urbanization before and around the time of illness onset.Methods. All individuals born between 1972 and 1978 were followed up through the Dutch National Psychiatric Case Register for first admission for schizophrenia until 1995 (maximum age 23 years). Exposure status was defined by a combination of place of birth and place of residence at the time of illness onset in the three most densely populated provinces of the Netherlands (the ‘Randstad’, exposed) or in all other areas (the ‘non-Randstad’, non-exposed). The risk for schizophrenia was examined in four different exposure groups: non-exposed born and non-exposed resident (NbNr, reference category), non-exposed born and exposed resident (NbEr), exposed born and non-exposed resident (EbNr) and exposed born and exposed resident (EbEr).Results. The greatest risk for schizophrenia was found in the EbNR group, without evidence for any additive effect of urban residence (rate ratio (RR) for narrow schizophrenia in EbNr group, 2·05 (95% CI 1·18–3·57); in EbEr group, 1·96 (95% CI, 1·55–2·46)). Individuals who were not exposed at birth, but became so later in life, were not at increased risk of developing schizophrenia (RR for narrow schizophrenia in NbEr group, 0·79 (0·46–1·36)).Conclusion. The results suggest that environmental factors associated with urbanization increase the risk for schizophrenia before rather than around the time of illness onset.

Carboplatin, ifosfamide, and mesna (CIM) for the treatment of gynecological carcinosarcoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16539-e16539
Author(s):  
N. Walji ◽  
A. Zachariah ◽  
C. Yap ◽  
S. A. Hussain ◽  
C. J. Poole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Response ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Metastatic Setting ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Abdominal Irradiation ◽  
Toxicity Criteria ◽  
Group 1

e16539 Background: A GOG trial comparing cisplatin/ifosfamide/mesna chemotherapy versus whole abdominal irradiation for FIGO stages I-IV carcinosarcoma (CS) showed an estimated median survival (MS) of 50 months for chemotherapy but high toxicity. This study investigates the efficacy and tolerability of a novel regimen using carboplatin AUC 5, ifosfamide 3 g/m2 and mesna 1 g/m2 (CIM) in both the adjuvant and metastatic setting. Methods: Retrospective analysis of women with CS treated from May 1997-May 2007 with CIM (group 1) versus other chemotherapy regimens (group 2). Toxicity was graded according to the Common Toxicity Criteria and MS estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of 51 eligible women (median age 71 years) 35 (69%) had stage 3 or 4 disease. 35/51 (69%) received chemotherapy; 2 with stage 1c disease received pelvic radiotherapy (pRT) alone whilst the remaining 14 were unfit for any treatment. Median follow-up for the treated patients is 45 months. 11/35 patients (31%) received CIM as first-line chemotherapy. Other regimens included: carboplatin (n = 14); carboplatin/paclitaxel (n = 3); carboplatin/epirubicin (n = 3); carboplatin/doxorubicin (n = 2); doxorubicin/ifosfamide (n = 1); cisplatin/ifosfamide (n = 1). 20/35 (57%) received adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) of which 8 received CIM; 11/20 patients also received adjuvant pRT. MS in the CIM AC group is 54.7 months compared to 37.4 months for other regimens. 3/8 patients (37.5%) in the CIM arm developed recurrent disease compared to 9/12 (75%) for other regimens. 4/16 patients received CIM as first- or second-line palliative chemotherapy. All patients responded of whom 2 achieved clinical and radiological complete response (CR). One woman subsequently relapsed and achieved a second CR with CIM. MS for all chemotherapy-treated patients is 54.7 months (group 1) versus 20.6 months (group 2) (p = 0.07). No patients in group 1 experienced any grade 3/4 toxicity and all patients completed the prescribed treatment. There were 2 unexpected treatment-related deaths in group 2, one of whom received carboplatin/paclitaxel and the other carboplatin/epirubicin. Conclusions: CIM appears to be efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of CS and merits further investigation in clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Reasons for delay in time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for colon cancer (CC).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 548-548
Author(s):  
David Warren Wasserman ◽  
Christopher M. Booth ◽  
Wilma Hopman ◽  
Abdullah Al Sharm ◽  
James Joseph Biagi
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Post Operative Complications

548 Background: AC improves survival among patients with colon cancer. Two meta-analyses have demonstrated a decrease in survival with increasing time to AC (TTAC). In this study, we examined individual patient charts to determine reasons for delay in AC. Methods: Medical records of patients with CC who initiated AC Aug 2005-Nov 2010 at the Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario were reviewed to capture patient, disease, and treatment characteristics including: medical comorbidities, post-operative complications, whether AC was or was not ordered after initial consultation, and the reasons behind the decision. Dates of surgery, referral, consult, central venous catheter (CVC) insertion, and first cycle of AC were recorded. Patients were then categorized into Group 1-medical/surgical reason for delay (MSRD), defined as presence of post-operative complications or intercurrent medical illness, and Group 2–no MSRD. In Group 2, patients were further categorized as having a non-MSRD, defined as patients in whom AC was deferred at time of consultation due to patient preference and/or further investigations required, vs none. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with TTAC > 8 weeks (w). Results: For 171 patients: Mean age - 67; 52% male; 79% stage 3; IV AC – 80%, Oral AC – 20%. TTAC for all cases was 8.3 ± 2.3w. Mean intervals ± SD between surgery and TTAC in weeks were: surgery to referral 3.1 ± 2.0; referral to consult 2.5 ± 2.3; consult to oral AC 2.0 ± 2.1; for IV AC, consult to CVC 2.2 ± 1.3, and CVC to AC 0.7 ± 0.8. TTAC did not differ between patients with comorbidities (N= 89) and those without (N=82), p= 0.64, but was greater for patients in Group 1 (N=41 with MSRD) vs Group 2 (N = 130), p= 0.002. In Group 2, 43.8% (N=57) had TTAC > 8w while only 20% of cases (n=26) had a non-MSRD. Factors associated with TTAC>8w were MSRD [OR=5.6 (2.3-13.7), p = <0.001] and non-MSRD [OR=6.7 (2.3-19.5), p = <0.001]. Conclusions: Although medical/surgical complications are a strong predictor of delayed TTAC, this only applies to a small proportion of cases. Accordingly, in most patients TTAC>8w is unrelated to their post-operative medical condition and likely reflects health system and logistical issues.

scholarly journals A clinical trial comparing BiVap (Richard Wolf®) saline vaporization of the prostate vs. TwisterTM Diode Laser System in the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction between prostate volume 90 to 150 ml

2021 ◽  
pp. 003693302110722
Author(s):  
Ayhan Karakose ◽  
Yasin Yitgin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Prostate Volume ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Benign Prostatic Obstruction ◽  
Maximum Improvement ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Total Psa ◽  
Group 1

Introduction To evaluate the efficacy, safety and postoperative outcomes of the BiVap and Twister systems with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) in prostate volüm between 90–150 ml. Methods In total, we included 131 patients treated with BiVap system (n = 68) and Twister system (n = 63). Postoperative complications including urinary tract infection, transient hematuria, severe dysuria and fever >38° C, urinary incontinence and urethral stricture were also noted. All patients were evaluated at the postoperative 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month and preoperative and postoperative values of IPSS score, QoL score, total PSA, IIEF 15, PVR, Qmax and Qave were compared. Results Preoperative demographic characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. There was observed significant improvement for IPSS, Qmax, Qave, PVR, and QoL score by the postoperative first month compared to the preoperative values in both groups. Maximum improvement in the IPSS, Qmax, Qave, QoL score and PVR were achieved at postoperative 6, 3, 12, 3 and 12th months respectively in group 1. In group 2 maximum improvement in the same parameters were achieved at postoperative 6, 3, 6, 6 and 12th months, respectively. Conclusions BiVap and Twister systems are safe, effective, and useful technique, which can be used in the surgical treatment of BPO between 90–150 ml.

scholarly journals Benefits and Constraints of the Agricultural Land Acquisition for Urbanization for Household Gender Equality in Affected Rural Communes: A Case Study in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Pham Thi ◽  
Martin Kappas ◽  
Daniel Wyss
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
The Government ◽  
Group 1

The Vietnamese Government has implemented agricultural land acquisition for urbanization (ALAFU) since 2010 which has caused a high level of social-economic transition in the country. In this paper, we applied the gender and development approach to discover how ALAFU has influenced the household gender equality in affected areas in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. The data for this paper was mainly collected from two household group surveys, four group discussions, and six key informant interviews. Group 1 covers 50 affected households whose agricultural land was acquired for urbanization, while Group 2 consists of 50 households whose agricultural land was not taken away. The findings reveal that ALAFU has led to reduced access to agricultural land for group 1, but has contributed to an increase of economic status for women in both groups by creating non-farming job opportunities with a good income. However, most of their new jobs are still informal, contain potential risks, and the unpaid care work burden is heavy. Moreover, although the rate of women participating in household decision making has increased, the quality of participation is limited. Their participation in social activities and vocational training courses has improved insignificantly. Therefore, if the Government continues to promote ALAFU, they should take structural gender inequalities into account to achieve their sustainable development goals.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-580
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Special Session ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Preparatory Work ◽  
Regular Session

Thirty-one of the 35 contracting parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) attended meetings of the inter-sessional committee of GATT from April 24 to 28, 1957 to discuss among other matters the procedure to be followed for considering the European Common Market Treaty and to examine a complaint from the government of Denmark concerning exports of subsidized eggs from the United Kingdom. In regard to the first of these matters, it was reported that the committee reached no decision on whether it would be better to call a special session of the contracting parties, as suggested by the delegate from Japan, or whether it should be considered at the regular session to be held in October. It was decided to draw up a program of preparatory work, to extend over several months, including consultations with the interim committee appointed by the signatories of the treaty. The work would be supervised by the GATT Secretariat, and the inter-sessional committee would meet at an appropriate date to arrange for definitive discussions on whether the articles of the treaty conformed with the requirements of GATT. It was reported that in the course of the discussion Japan voiced a complaint against the fact that overseas territories of the Common Market nations would be associated with the Common Market on a privileged economic status.

scholarly journals Cervicocranialgia: rationale for and evaluation of the clinical efficiency of therapy with the Russian generics of dexketoprofen and tolperisone

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
M. N. Dadasheva ◽  
G. I. Nurullina ◽  
R. V. Gorenkov
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Clinical Efficiency ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Carotid And Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Group 1

Objective: to comparatively evaluate the clinical efficiency of cervicocranialgia therapy with dexketoprofen (flamadex) and tolperisone (calmyrex), as well as with their combination. Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 90 patients aged 30–60 years with cervicocranialgia, who were randomized into three equal groups. Group 1 included 7 men and 23 women who took dexketoprofen; Group 2 consisted of 13 men and 17 women who were prescribed dexketoprofen and tolperisone; Group 3 comprised 18 men and 12 women who used tolperisone. The three patient groups underwent assessment of the intensity of pain on a visual analogue scale and the degree of muscle tone on a 3-point scale and evaluation of the efficiency of therapy and the hemodynamic effect of the drugs in the common carotid and vertebral arteries. Results and discussion. In all the groups, their treatment reversed neck pain, headache, and dizziness, normalized muscle tone, and improved hemodynamics in the carotid and vertebral arteries. The effect was more pronounced in patients receiving combination treatment (Group 2). The therapy showed a high safety and a good tolerability. Conclusion. Dexketoprofen and tolperisone have been demonstrated to be effective and safe in treating cervicocranialgia.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Pain Intensity in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment Based on Mini-Implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Eugen Bud ◽  
Alexandru Vlasa ◽  
Manuela Chibelean ◽  
Krisztina Martha ◽  
Mariana Păcurar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Bone Pain ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Introduction: Pain is currently reported as the most common side effect associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the intensity of pain perception during orthodontic procedures consisting in anesthesia, orthodontic mini-implant placement and removal, as well as during the postoperative period following these procedures. Material and Methods: The study included 50 young adults with a permanent dentition in need of orthodontic treatment. The pain assessment was based on visual analogue scale (VAS), using self-report questions from approved questionnaires. Pain severity was analyzed in relation to: anesthesia, implant placement, implant removal, implant movement, elastic traction and gingiva/bone pain around the implant. The study lot was divided into Group 1 – patients experiencing a pain degree of 1 or 2, and Group 2 – patients experiencing a pain degree of 3 or 4 during implant placement. Results: The maximum pain intensity (PI) was recorded during implant placement, which has been associated with a PI of 2.4 ± 0.8 (95% CI: 2.17–2.63), followed by implant removal (PI = 2.36 ± 0.66, 95% CI: 2.17–2.54), gingiva/bone pain around the implant (PI = 2.32 ± 2.58, 95% CI: 2.15–2.48), and elastic traction (PI = 2.26 ± 0.63, 95% CI: 2.08–2.44). Male gender was present in a significantly higher extent in the group of patients presenting a high intensity pain during implant placement (86.3% in Group 2 vs. 3.5% in Group 1, p <0.0001). The age group most sensitive to pain was 18 to 21 years. Conclusions: In our study, pain perception was significantly higher in males and in the 18–21 years age group. The most painful procedure during surgery was the initial moment of implant placement, followed by the moment of implant removal, gingival/bone pain around the implant, and the elastic tractions placed on the implant during anchorage.

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