scholarly journals Family Support as Smoking Prevention during Transition from Early to Late Adolescence: A Study in 42 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12739
Author(s):  
Apolinaras Zaborskis ◽  
Aistė Kavaliauskienė ◽  
Charli Eriksson ◽  
Ellen Klemera ◽  
Elitsa Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
High Level

Family support has a beneficial impact on protecting health-risk behaviour in adolescents. This study aimed to explore whether family support is associated with risk of smoking during transition from early (11 years) to late (15 years) adolescence across 42 countries. The data from the cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in 2017/2018 were employed (N = 195,966). Family support was measured using the four-item Family dimension of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (sum score 20 or more was categorised as high family support). Smoking was defined as a reported cigarette smoking at least 1–2 days in the last 30 days. The association between smoking and family support was assessed using a prevalence ratio (PR) obtained from the multivariate Poisson regression. Over two thirds of adolescents reported high levels of support from their family. Family support was found to significantly decrease with age in most of the countries, with the boys reported high level of family support more often than girls. The adolescents who reported having low family support also were more likely to smoke compared to their peers who reported having high family support (PR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.71–1.91 in boys, and PR = 2.19; 95% CI: 2.08–2.31 in girls). The countries with a stronger effect of family support in reducing smoking risk indicated lower rates of adolescent smoking as well as lower increases in the cigarette smoking prevalence during the age period from 11 to 15 years. This study reinforces the need for family support, which is an important asset helping adolescents to overcome the risk of smoking during their transition from early to late adolescence.

scholarly journals Burnout and Its Relationship with Demographic and Job-Related Variables among Dentists in Lithuania: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3968
Author(s):  
Eglė Slabšinskienė ◽  
Andrej Gorelik ◽  
Aistė Kavaliauskienė ◽  
Apolinaras Zaborskis
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Sum Scores ◽  
High Level

Although burnout has been described as a serious hazard for personal and professional lives and has been surveyed among dentists in many countries, no study has been published regarding burnout among dentists in Lithuania. This study aimed to evaluate the burnout level among Lithuanian dentists and its association with demographic variables, job satisfaction, and other job-related variables. The data were collected among dentists online or during professional conferences while using an anonymous questionnaire (n = 380). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to evaluate the burnout level. A Poisson regression was applied for the analysis of relationships between variables. We observed that 42.3% of the respondents had a high emotional exhaustion (EE) (95% confidence interval (CI): 37.4–42.3%), while 18.7% (95% CI: 15.0–22.9%) and 28,2% (95% CI: 23.4–32.6%) had high depersonalization (DP) and low personal accomplishment (PA), respectively. Nonetheless, 15.3% (95% CI: 11.8–18.9%) of the study population experienced a high level of overall burnout. An original job satisfaction index was elaborated. It was significantly associated with sum scores of all burnout dimensions: with the EE sum score (Ratio of Sum Score Means (RSSM) 1.54; 95% CI: 1.46–1.62), DP sum score (RSSM 1.59; 95% CI: 1.45–1.74), and PA sum score (RSSM 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84–0.92). It was concluded that Lithuanian dentists can be characterised by high burnout intensity and high prevalence of burnout, being especially evident in emotional exhaustion. The dentist with low job satisfaction appeared to be the most vulnerable to all burnout dimensions.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DALAM PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN MATA DENGAN KETAJAMAN PENGLIHATAN PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI RW 10 DESA KRAMAT JEGU TAMAN SIDOARJO

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Siti Damawiyah ◽  
Iis Noventi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Family Support ◽  
School Children ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Good Family

ABSTRACT: At present there is very little attention regarding visual impairment, especially in school children, whereas a poor learning environment is one of the triggers for a decrease in visual acuity in children. Myopia is one of the causes of decreased visual acuity in children, while good vision is very important in the teaching and learning process. This study aims to determine the relationship of family support in maintaining eye health with visual acuity in primary school-aged children in RW 10 Desa Kramat Jegu Taman Sidoarjo. The design of this research using a cros-sectional approach. The sample in this study were 22 elementary and sixth grade elementary school children and their mothers as many as 22 pairs. Sampling by total sampling method. Data analysis using Rank Spearman statistical test with a significance level of 5% (0.05). The results showed that of the 22 respondents most (61.18%) had good family support and from 22 respondents most (63.63%) had normal visual acuity. Spearman rank correlation test results, obtained ρ = 0.032 <α = 0.05 so that H0 is rejected which means that there is a relationship between family support about maintaining eye health with visual acuity in primary school-aged children. Good family support for maintaining eye health can improve children's visual acuity. It is expected that nurses can use the results of this study as a guide in providing nursing services for patients with eye refraction disorders. Keywords: family support, visual acuity

scholarly journals Kematangan Emosi Dan Tingkat Kecemasan Persalinan Pertama Usia 17-21 Tahun Di Kecamatan Candi Sidoarjo

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Effy Wardati Maryam ◽  
Yeni Yeni
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Birth Mothers ◽  
Emotional Maturity ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dominant Influence

The background of this research by the researcher’s curiosity about the level of emotional maturity and anxiety experienced by mothers who gave birth for the first time at age 17-21 years. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a significant correlation between the level of emotional maturity level of anxiety at first birth mothers 17-21 years of age and indicators of what the most dominant influence of emotional maturity and high levels of anxiety. Based on the analysis of obtained results of product moment correlation coefficient rxy ‘correlation with p = -0.167(0.257) > 0.05. this means that relations between the two variables are not significant. Supported also by results of interviews with the related subject of research and data in the field, says that not only emotional maturity factors that influence the level of anxiety a person in the first childbirth, but also the factor of family support, especially husbands and mothers, information about pregnancy and labor that they could get from print and electronic media and the internet which can be accessed with ease, some from their participation in the exercise group became pregnant, briefing the local health clinic doctor or midwife about childbirth and the high level of religiosity. All this is another factor which also makes the low level of anxiety to face the first delivery in mothers 17-21 years of age. 

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking is associated with high level of ferroptosis in seminal plasma and affects semen quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanhui Ou ◽  
Qirong Wen ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zhiheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
High Level

AIDS awareness and sexual behaviour in a high HIV prevalence area in rural northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
T K Hartung ◽  
J Nash ◽  
N Ngubane ◽  
V G Fredlund
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Aids Awareness ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hiv Aids

The objective was to assess AIDS awareness and sexual behaviour in a rural South African community with a high HIV prevalence. One hundred clinic attenders underwent a structured interview using a standard questionnaire. Although the 64 female and 36 male patients, mean age 22 (range 13–45), had good knowledge of AIDS-related issues, only 50 perceived HIV/AIDS as a common problem. Of the 75 patients who were sexually active only 30 (40%) used condoms (men 16; 55% vs women 14; 30%, P = 0.033) despite being better informed about the protective effect of condoms (active 61; 81% vs abstinent 14; 56%, P = 0.011). More men than women admitted to multiple sexual partners (17; 47% vs 7; 11%, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, despite a high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS issues, self-perceived risk was low, condom use was infrequent and especially men continued to have multiple sexual partners. Awareness has yet to translate into reduction of risk behaviour.

The Economics of Smoking Prevention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip DeCicca ◽  
Donald S. Kenkel ◽  
Michael F. Lovenheim ◽  
Erik Nesson
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cigarette Taxation ◽  
Developed Nations

Smoking prevention has been a key component of health policy in developed nations for over half a century. Public policies to reduce the physical harm attributed to cigarette smoking, both externally and to the smoker, include cigarette taxation, smoking bans, and anti-smoking campaigns, among other publicly conceived strategies to reduce smoking initiation among the young and increase smoking cessation among current smokers. Despite the policy intensity of the past two decades, there remains debate regarding whether, and to what extent, the observed reductions in smoking are due to such policies. Indeed, while smoking rates in developed countries have fallen substantially over the past half century, it is difficult to separate secular trends toward greater investment in health from actual policy impacts. In other words, smoking rates might have declined in the absence of these anti-smoking policies, consistent with trends toward other healthy behaviors. These trends also may reflect longer-run responses to policies enacted many years ago, which also poses challenges for identification of causal policy effects. While smoking rates fell dramatically over this period, the gradient in smoking prevalence has become tilted toward lower socioeconomic status (SES) individuals. That is, cigarette smoking exhibited a relatively flat SES gradient 50 years ago, but today that gradient is much steeper: relatively less-educated and lower-income individuals are many times more likely to be cigarette smokers than their more highly educated and higher-income counterparts. Over time, consumers also have become less price-responsive, which has rendered cigarette taxation a less effective policy tool with which to reduce smoking. The emergence of tax avoidance strategies such as casual cigarette smuggling (e.g., cross-tax border purchasing) and purchasing from tax-free outlets (e.g., Native reservations in Canada and the United States) have likely contributed to reduced price sensitivity. Such behaviors have been of particular interest in the last decade as cigarette taxation has roughly doubled cigarette prices in many developed nations, creating often large incentives to avoid taxation for those who continue to smoke. Perhaps due to the perception that traditional policy has been ineffective, recent anti-smoking policy has focused more on the direct regulation of cigarettes and smoking behavior. The main non-price-based policy has been the rise of smoke-free air laws, which restrict smoking behavior in workplaces, restaurants, and bars. These regulations can reduce smoking prevalence and exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmokers. However, they may also shift the location of smoking in ways that increase secondhand smoke exposure, particularly among children. Other non-tax regulations focus on the packaging (e.g., the movement towards plain packaging), advertising, and product attributes of cigarettes (e.g., nicotine content, cigarette flavor, etc.), and most are attempts to reduce smoking by making it less desirable to the actual or potential smoker. Perhaps not surprisingly, research in the economics of smoking prevention has followed these policy developments, though strong interest remains in both the evaluation of price- and non-price policies as well as any offsetting responses among smokers that may undermine the effectiveness of these regulations. While the past two decades have provided fertile ground for research in the economics of smoking, we expect this to continue, as governments search for more innovative and effective ways to reduce smoking.

Parent Involvement in Cigarette Smoking Prevention: Two Pilot Evaluations of the “Unpuffables Program”

1990 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Perry ◽  
Phyllis Pirie ◽  
Wilhelmina Holder ◽  
Andrew Halper ◽  
Bonnie Dudovitz
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevention

scholarly journals Patterns of alcohol use and multiple risk behaviour by gender during early and late adolescence: the ALSPAC cohort

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i20-i30 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. MacArthur ◽  
M. C. Smith ◽  
R. Melotti ◽  
J. Heron ◽  
J. Macleod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
Multiple Risk Behaviour

Lifestyles of belief: narrative and culture in a retirement community

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON BIGGS ◽  
MIRIAM BERNARD ◽  
PAUL KINGSTON ◽  
HILARY NETTLETON
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Retirement Community ◽  
Retirement Communities ◽  
Peer Culture ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Cultural Base ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper examines the culture and narratives occurring in a purpose-built retirement community. It is argued that in order to understand the effects that such a community can have on wellbeing, it is necessary to analyse the interaction of a variety of interweaving narratives used to sustain a secure micro-cultural base. These narratives include formal representations, daily life as experienced by tenants and imaginative associations within community culture. Retirement communities for older people have been represented as containing the positive features of both residential care and neighbourhood life. They have also been criticised as promoting exclusivity and negative attitudes to outsiders. Tenants reported experiences of a high level of interdependence and peer support. They saw the community as a positive alternative to nursing homes, continued residence in their local neighbourhoods and reliance on family support. It was found that this retirement community was perceived to have a positive effect on wellbeing which was attributed to peer culture and was sustained by imaginative narratives of miracle and progress. However, certain groups were excluded from this dominant reading.

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