scholarly journals Effects of Plyometric Jump Training in Sand or Rigid Surface on Jump-Related Biomechanical Variables and Physical Fitness in Female Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13093
Author(s):  
Mina Ahmadi ◽  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Alexandre Lima de Araújo Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Surface Group ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Rigid Surface ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Background: This study aims to assess the effects of 8 weeks of plyometric jump training (PJT) conducted on sand or a rigid court surface on jump-related biomechanical variables and physical fitness in female indoor volleyball players. Methods: Seventeen participants were randomly divided into a sand surface group (SsG, n = 8) and rigid surface group (RsG, n = 9). Both groups completed equal indoor volleyball training routines. Participants were assessed pre and post the 8-week PJT for jump-related biomechanical variables (countermovement jump (CMJ) RSI; drop jump (DJ) reactive strength index (RSI); spike jump (SJ) height; CMJ height; CMJ rate of force development (RFD); CMJ velocity at take-off; DJ height and CMJ peak force), 20 m linear sprint time, t test for change-of-direction sprint (CODs) time, Wingate test peak power (PP), cardiorespiratory endurance, and leg-press one-repetition maximum (1RM). Results: A two-way mixed analysis of variance (group × time) revealed that there was a significant group × time interaction between DJ height (p = 0.035) and CMJ peak force (p = 0.032) in favour of RsG and SsG, respectively. A significant interaction was also observed for cardiorespiratory endurance (p = 0.01) and 1RM (p = 0.002), both favouring the SsG. No other group × time interaction was observed. Conclusions: The type of surface used during PJT induced specific adaptations in terms of jump-related biomechanical variables and physical fitness in female indoor volleyball players. Based on the individual needs of the athletes, practitioners may prescribe one type of surface preferentially over another to maximize the benefits derived from PJT.

scholarly journals Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: Randomised controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Yeung Shan Wong ◽  
Benjamin Hon Kei Yip ◽  
Winnie Wing Sze Mak ◽  
Stewart Mercer ◽  
Eliza Yee Lai Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundResearch suggests that an 8-week mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) course may be effective for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).AimsTo compare changes in anxiety levels among participants with GAD randomly assigned to MBCT, cognitive–behavioural therapy-based psychoeducation and usual care.MethodIn total, 182 participants with GAD were recruited (trial registration number: CUHK_CCT00267) and assigned to the three groups and followed for 5 months after baseline assessment with the two intervention groups followed for an additional 6 months. Primary outcomes were anxiety and worry levels.ResultsLinear mixed models demonstrated significant group × time interaction (F(4,148) = 5.10, P = 0.001) effects for decreased anxiety for both the intervention groups relative to usual care. Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for worry and depressive symptoms and mental health-related quality of life for the psychoeducation group only.ConclusionsThese results suggest that both of the interventions appear to be superior to usual care for the reduction of anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Functional remediation in bipolar disorder: 1-year follow-up of neurocognitive and functional outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Bonnin ◽  
C. Torrent ◽  
C. Arango ◽  
B. L. Amann ◽  
B. Solé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Short Test

BackgroundFew randomised clinical trials have examined the efficacy of an intervention aimed at improving psychosocial functioning in bipolar disorder.AimsTo examine changes in psychosocial functioning in a group that has been enrolled in a functional remediation programme 1 year after baseline.MethodThis was a multicentre, randomised, rater-masked clinical trial comparing three patient groups: functional remediation, psychoeducation and treatment as usual over 1-year follow-up. The primary outcome was change in psychosocial functioning measured by means of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). Group×time effects for overall psychosocial functioning were examined using repeated-measures ANOVA (trial registration NCT01370668).ResultsThere was a significant group×time interaction for overall psychosocial functioning, favouring patients in the functional remediation group (F = 3.071, d.f. = 2, P = 0.049).ConclusionsImprovement in psychosocial functioning is maintained after 1-year follow-up in patients with bipolar disorder receiving functional remediation.

scholarly journals Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Physical Fitness in Amateur and Professional Volleyball: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Antonio García-de-Alcaraz ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Yassine Negra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Evidence Database ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
And Control

We aimed to examine the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of physical fitness in amateur and professional volleyball players. A systematic electronic literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Controlled studies including pre-to-post intervention tests of physical fitness and involving healthy volleyball players regardless of age and sex were considered. A random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (ES) between intervention and control groups. Moderator analyses considered programme duration, training frequency, total number of training sessions and jumps, participants' sex, age, and expertise level. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Eighteen moderate-to-high quality (median of 5 PEDro points) studies were eligible, comprising a total of 746 athletes. None of the included studies reported injuries related to the PJT intervention. The main findings showed small-to-moderate effects (p < 0.05) of PJT on linear sprint speed (ES = 0.70), squat jump (ES = 0.56), countermovement jump (CMJ) (ES = 0.80), CMJ with arm swing (ES = 0.63), drop jump (ES = 0.81), and spike jump height (ES = 0.84). Sub-analyses of moderator factors included 48 data sets. Only age had a significant effect on CMJ performance. Participants aged ≥16 years achieved greater improvements in CMJ performance compared to <16 years old (ES = 1.28 and 0.38, respectively; p = 0.022). No significant differences (p = 0.422) were identified between amateur (ES = 0.62) and professional volleyball players (ES = 1.01). In conclusion, PJT seems safe and is effective in improving measures of physical fitness in amateur and professional volleyball players, considering studies performed in both male and female.

scholarly journals Nitrate Supplementation Combined with a Running Training Program Improved Time-Trial Performance in Recreationally Trained Runners

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeferson Santana ◽  
Diana Madureira ◽  
Elias de França ◽  
Fabricio Rossi ◽  
Bruno Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Nitrate Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Recreational Runners

Our purpose was to verify the effects of inorganic nitrate combined to a short training program on 10-km running time-trial (TT) performance, maximum and average power on a Wingate test, and lactate concentration ([La−]) in recreational runners. Sixteen healthy participants were divided randomly into two groups: Nitrate (n = 8) and placebo (n = 8). The experimental group ingested 750 mg/day (~12 mmol) of nitrate plus 5 g of resistant starch, and the control group ingested 6 g of resistant starch, for 30 days. All variables were assessed at baseline and weekly over 30 days. Training took place 3x/week. The time on a 10-km TT decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in all timepoints compared to baseline in both groups, but only the nitrate group was faster in week 2 compared to 1. There was a significant group × time interaction (p < 0.001) with lower [La] in the nitrate group at week 2 (p = 0.032), week 3 (p = 0.002), and week 4 (p = 0.003). There was a significant group time interaction (p = 0.028) for Wingate average power and a main effect of time for maximum power (p < 0.001) and [La−] for the 60-s Wingate test. In conclusion, nitrate ingestion during a four-week running program improved 10-km TT performance and kept blood [La−] steady when compared to placebo in recreational runners.

scholarly journals Effect of Body Fat Percentage on Muscle Damage Induced by High-Intensity Eccentric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3476
Author(s):  
Eun-Jung Yoon ◽  
Jooyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to investigate the impact of percent body fat (%BF) on muscle damage after high-intensity eccentric exercise. Thirty healthy male undergraduates (mean age: 22.0 ± 2 years, height: 176.9 ± 5 cm, weight: 75.8 ± 11.6 kg) participated in this study, and they were classified according to their %BF into a high %fat group (HFG, ≥20%, n = 15) and a low %fat group (LFG, ≤15%, n = 15). For eccentric exercise, two sets of 25 reps were performed on a modified preacher curl machine using the elbow flexor muscle. Maximal isometric strength, muscle soreness (passive and active), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (Mb) were measured as indices of muscle damage. The data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. The results show that there is a significant group–time interaction for both CK and Mb after eccentric exercise (p = 0.007, p = 0.015, respectively), with a greater increase in the HFG than in the LFG. However, there was no significant group–time interaction for maximal isometric strength and muscle soreness (passive and active) (p > 0.05). These results suggest that %BF is a factor that alters the muscle damage indices CK and Mb, which indicate membrane disruption, after eccentric exercise.

Affective Responses to Acute Bouts of Aerobic Exercise, Mindfulness Meditation, and Combinations of Exercise and Meditation: A Randomized Controlled Intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan K. Edwards ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Positive Engagement

Single bouts of aerobic exercise and meditation have been shown to induce positive affect. In a novel experimental paradigm, we sought to examine the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise and meditation, as well as exercise and meditation combined on affect among young adults. Participants ( N = 110, mean age = 21.4 years) were randomly assigned to walk, meditate, walk then meditate, meditate then walk, or to sit (inactive control). All walking and meditation bouts were 10 minutes in duration. Participants’ affect was monitored before and after the intervention using the Exercise Induced Feelings Inventory. Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for three Exercise Induced Feelings Inventory subscales, including revitalization ( p < .001), tranquility ( p = .02), and exhaustion ( p = .03); the group × time interaction for Exercise Induced Feelings Inventory positive engagement was nonsignificant ( p = .16). A single bout of brisk walking or meditation, as well as a combination of walking and meditation, may positively influence affect. There is some evidence to suggest that affective benefits may be greater following meditation or a combination of meditation and walking, when compared with walking alone.

scholarly journals Nine Months of a Structured Multisport Program Improve Physical Fitness in Preschool Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Popović ◽  
Milan Cvetković ◽  
Draženka Mačak ◽  
Tijana Šćepanović ◽  
Nebojša Čokorilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shuttle Run

Research in preschool children that investigates the impact of different exercise interventions on physical fitness is limited. This pre–post study was aimed at determining if participation in a nine-month structured multisport program (MSG; n = 38) could enhance physical fitness components compared to a formal exercise program (control group (CG); n = 36) among preschool children. Physical fitness was assessed using standardized tests (the standing long jump, sit and reach, 20 m sprint, sit-ups for 30 s, bent-arm hang, medicine ball throw (MBT), grip strength, 4 × 10 m shuttle run, and 20 m shuttle run tests). The structured multisport program involved fundamental/gross and fine motor skills and ball game-based exercises twice a week. The control group was free of any programmed exercise except for the obligatory program in kindergartens. A mixed ANOVA demonstrated significant group-by-time interaction effects for the 4 × 10 m shuttle run, standing long jump, sit-ups, bent-arm hang, grip strength, and sit and reach tests (p < 0.05). There was no significant group-by-time interaction effect for the 20 m sprint test (p = 0.794) or for the 20 m shuttle run test (p = 0.549). Moreover, the MSG and CG performance in the MBT and 20 m shuttle run tests improved to a similar extent from pre- to post-test. Our results indicate that compared to the formal plan, the structured multisport program led to a sustained improvement in physical fitness in healthy 5-to-6-year old children.

scholarly journals Using automatic speech recognition technology to enhance EFL learners’ oral language complexity in a flipped classroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-131
Author(s):  
Michael Yi-Chao Jiang ◽  
Morris Siu-Yung Jong ◽  
Wilfred Wing-Fat Lau ◽  
Ching-Sing Chai ◽  
Na Wu
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Automatic Speech Recognition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time

The present study examined the effects of using automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology on oral complexity in a flipped English as a Foreign Language (EFL) course. A total of 160 undergraduates were enrolled in a 14-week quasi-experiment. The experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) were taught with a flipped approach, but the EG students needed to undertake an additional pre-class task with ASR technology. In each unit, all students’ in-class task performance was recorded, based on which the metrics of oral complexity were coded and computed. A two-way between- and within-subjects repeated measures design was conducted to examine the effects of the group factor, the time factor and the group × time interaction effects. The results showed that the EG students performed statistically better than their counterparts in the CG on lexical complexity and syntactic complexity. Moreover, significant improvement in phrasal complexity was witnessed over time in both groups. Significant group × time interaction effects were witnessed on overall complexity or subordination complexity. The gradients of the EG trajectories of the two metrics were greater than those of the CG. However, on phrasal complexity, the interaction effect was not significant.

The Effects of Reducing Social Media Use on Body Esteem Among Transitional-Aged Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-507
Author(s):  
Helen Thai ◽  
Christopher G. Davis ◽  
Niall Stewart ◽  
Katie E. Gunnell ◽  
Gary S. Goldfield
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Transitional Aged Youth

Introduction. Social media use (SMU) and body image concerns are highly prevalent in youth. Although several studies have shown that high SMU is crosssectionally associated with lower body esteem, experimental evidence is lacking. This pilot study experimentally evaluated the effects of reducing SMU on body esteem among transitional aged youth (TAY) with emotional distress. Methods. Thirty-eight undergraduate students presenting with elevated symptoms of anxiety/depression were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 16), where SMU was restricted to 60 minutes/day, or to the control group (n = 22), where SMU was not restricted. SMU was monitored via screen-time trackers in participants’ smartphone submitted daily during baseline (1-week) and intervention (3-week) periods. Baseline and post-intervention measurements were taken to assess appearance and weight esteem as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression as secondary outcomes. Results. A significant group × time interaction emerged indicating that the intervention participants showed a significantly greater increase in appearance esteem over the 4 weeks compared to controls. There was no significant between-group difference on change in weight esteem. A significant group × time interaction emerge on anxiety indicating that intervention participants showed a significantly greater improvement in anxiety over the study period compared to controls. There was no significant between-group difference on change in depressive symptoms. Discussion. Reducing SMU may be a feasible and effective method of improving appearance esteem and reducing anxiety in a high-risk population of TAY with emotional distress; however, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm findings.

scholarly journals Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Motor Competence and Physical Performance in Young Female Volleyball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojša Trajković ◽  
Špela Bogataj
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Young Female ◽  
T Test ◽  
Neuromuscular Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Volleyball Players

Although neuromuscular training (NMT) emphasizes injury prevention training, there is little information about its effects on performance in young athletes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight-weeks NMT on motor competence and physical performance in 10- to 12-year-old female volleyball players. Sixty-six participants (mean ± SD; 11.05 ± 0.72 years) were randomized into either the NMT group (NTG; n = 32) or control group (CON; n = 34). Sprint on 10-m, modified T-test, plank, vertical jump, and medicine ball throw tests were used to assess the physical performance. The Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was used to assess the subjects’ motor competence. The NMT was performed twice a week during the first 30 min of each regularly scheduled 90-minute volleyball training. Participants in the CON group attended only their regular volleyball training. A significant group x time interaction was found for Motor Quotient KTK (MQKTK) (p < 0.001), KTK lateral jumps (p < 0.001), and KTK shifting platforms (p < 0.01). There was a significant interaction for modified T-test results (p < 0.001) and vertical jump (p = 0.04). No change was observed in both groups for plank performance (p > 0.05). The NMT promoted significant gains in motor competence and physical performance in youth female volleyball players.

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