scholarly journals Effect of ACTH and hCG on the Expression of Gonadotropin-Inducible Ovarian Transcription Factor 1 (Giot1) Gene in the Rat Adrenal Gland

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Jopek ◽  
Marianna Tyczewska ◽  
Manjunath Ramanjaneya ◽  
Marta Szyszka ◽  
Piotr Celichowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Rat Adrenals ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

Gonadotropin-inducible ovarian transcription factor-1 (Giot1) belongs to a family of fast-responsive genes, and gonadotropins rapidly induce its expression in steroidogenic cells of ovaries and testes of rats. Gonadal Giot1 gene expression is regulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) -dependent protein kinase A pathway, with essential role of orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 transcription factor (nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1). A recent study reports that Giot1 is also expressed in adrenals, however, the mechanism of its regulation in adrenal gland is yet to be identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise the changes in Giot1 gene expression in male and female rat adrenals using wide range of in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Special emphasis was directed at the Giot1 gene regulation by ACTH and gonadotropin. In our study, we found that ACTH rapidly stimulates Giot1 expression both in vivo and in vitro. However, gonadotropin does not affect the adrenal Giot1 gene expression, presumably due to the low expression of gonadotropin receptor in adrenals. Both testosterone and estradiol administered in vivo had inhibitory effect on Giot1 gene expression in the adrenals of post-gonadectomized adult rats. Further, our studies revealed that the intracellular mechanism of Giot1 gene regulation in rat adrenals is similar to that of gonads. As in the case of gonads, the expression of Giot1 in adrenal gland is regulated by cAMP-dependent signaling pathway with essential role of the NR4A1 transcription factor. The results of our studies suggest that Giot1 may be involved in the regulation of rat adrenocortical steroidogenesis.

scholarly journals Transcription Factor ATF2 Cooperates with v-Jun To Promote Growth Factor-Independent Proliferation In Vitro and Tumor Formation In Vivo

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 7020-7029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Huguier ◽  
Joël Baguet ◽  
Sandrine Perez ◽  
Hans van Dam ◽  
Marc Castellazzi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro ◽  
Bzip Family ◽  
Low Serum

ABSTRACT ATF2 belongs to the bZIP family of transcription factors and controls gene expression via 8-bp ATF/CREB motifs either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer—for instance, with Jun—but has never been shown to be directly involved in oncogenesis. Experiments were designed to evaluate a possible role of ATF2 in oncogenesis in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) in the presence or absence of v-Jun. We found that (i) forced expression of ATF2 cannot alone cause transformation, (ii) overexpression of ATF2 plus v-Jun specifically stimulates v-Jun-induced growth in medium with a reduced amount of serum, and (iii) the efficiency of low-serum growth correlates with the activity of a Jun-ATF2-dependent model promoter in stably transformed CEFs. Analysis of ATF2 and Jun dimerization mutants showed that the growth-stimulatory effect of ATF2 is likely to be mediated by v-Jun–ATF2 heterodimers since (i) v-Jun-m1, a mutant with enhanced affinity for ATF2, induces growth in low-serum medium much more efficiently than v-Jun, when expressed alone or in combination with ATF2; and (ii) ATF2/fos, a mutant that efficiently binds to v-Jun but is unable to form stable homodimers, shows enhanced oncogenic cooperation with v-Jun. In addition, we examined the role of ATF2 in tumor formation by subcutaneous injection of CEFs into chickens. In contrast to v-Jun, v-Jun-m1 gave rise to numerous fibrosarcomas while coexpression of ATF2 and v-Jun-m1 led to a dramatic development of fibrosarcomas visible within 1 week. Together these data demonstrate that overexpressed ATF2 potentiates the ability of v-Jun-transformed CEFs to grow in low-serum medium in vitro and contributes to the formation of tumors in vivo.

Subnuclear compartmentalization of sequence-specific transcription factors and regulation of eukaryotic gene expression

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth N Corry ◽  
D Alan Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Nuclear Architecture ◽  
Subnuclear Localization ◽  
Modular Structures

To date, the majority of the research regarding eukaryotic transcription factors has focused on characterizing their function primarily through in vitro methods. These studies have revealed that transcription factors are essentially modular structures, containing separate regions that participate in such activities as DNA binding, protein–protein interaction, and transcriptional activation or repression. To fully comprehend the behavior of a given transcription factor, however, these domains must be analyzed in the context of the entire protein, and in certain cases the context of a multiprotein complex. Furthermore, it must be appreciated that transcription factors function in the nucleus, where they must contend with a variety of factors, including the nuclear architecture, chromatin domains, chromosome territories, and cell-cycle-associated processes. Recent examinations of transcription factors in the nucleus have clarified the behavior of these proteins in vivo and have increased our understanding of how gene expression is regulated in eukaryotes. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding sequence-specific transcription factor compartmentalization within the nucleus and discuss its impact on the regulation of such processes as activation or repression of gene expression and interaction with coregulatory factors.Key words: transcription, subnuclear localization, chromatin, gene expression, nuclear architecture.

scholarly journals Progression and Differentiation of Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Is Regulated by PAX7 Transcription Factor—Significance of Tumor Subclones

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1870
Author(s):  
Klaudia Skrzypek ◽  
Grażyna Adamek ◽  
Marta Kot ◽  
Bogna Badyra ◽  
Marcin Majka
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Id Proteins ◽  
Rh30 Cell ◽  
Str Profile ◽  
And Migration

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), is the most frequent soft tissue tumor in children that originates from disturbances in differentiation process. Mechanisms leading to the development of RMS are still poorly understood. Therefore, by analysis of two RMS RH30 cell line subclones, one subclone PAX7 negative, while the second one PAX7 positive, and comparison with other RMS cell lines we aimed at identifying new mechanisms crucial for RMS progression. RH30 subclones were characterized by the same STR profile, but different morphology, rate of proliferation, migration activity and chemotactic abilities in vitro, as well as differences in tumor morphology and growth in vivo. Our analysis indicated a different level of expression of adhesion molecules (e.g., from VLA and ICAM families), myogenic microRNAs, such as miR-206 and transcription factors, such as MYOD, MYOG, SIX1, and ID. Silencing of PAX7 transcription factor with siRNA confirmed the crucial role of PAX7 transcription factor in proliferation, differentiation and migration of RMS cells. To conclude, our results suggest that tumor cell lines with the same STR profile can produce subclones that differ in many features and indicate crucial roles of PAX7 and ID proteins in the development of RMS.

Cellular Samurai: katanin and the severing of microtubules

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (16) ◽  
pp. 2821-2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Quarmby
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Aaa Atpase ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Microtubule Severing ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
New Evidence

Recent biochemical studies of the AAA ATPase, katanin, provide a foundation for understanding how microtubules might be severed along their length. These in vitro studies are complemented by a series of recent reports of direct in vivo observation of microtubule breakage, which indicate that the in vitro phenomenon of catalysed microtubule severing is likely to be physiological. There is also new evidence that microtubule severing by katanin is important for the production of non-centrosomal microtubules in cells such as neurons and epithelial cells. Although it has been difficult to establish the role of katanin in mitosis, new genetic evidence indicates that a katanin-like protein, MEI-1, plays an essential role in meiosis in C. elegans. Finally, new proteins involved in the severing of axonemal microtubules have been discovered in the deflagellation system of Chlamydomonas.

The use of siRNA as a pharmacological tool to assess a role for the transcription factor NF-IL6 in the brain under in vitro and in vivo conditions during LPS-induced inflammatory stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Damm ◽  
Joachim Roth ◽  
Rüdiger Gerstberger ◽  
Christoph Rummel
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Si Rna ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor

AbstractBackground:Studies with NF-IL6-deficient mice indicate that this transcription factor plays a dual role during systemic inflammation with pro- and anti-inflammatory capacities. Here, we aimed to characterize the role of NF-IL6 specifically within the brain.Methods:In this study, we tested the capacity of short interfering (si) RNA to silence the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-interleukin 6 (NF-IL6) in brain cells underResults:In cells of a mixed neuronal and glial primary culture from the ratConclusions:This approach was, thus, not suitable to characterize the role NF-IL6 in the brain

scholarly journals Essential Role of Chromatin Assembly Factor-1–mediated Rapid Nucleosome Assembly for DNA Replication and Cell Division in Vertebrate Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunari Takami ◽  
Tatsuya Ono ◽  
Tatsuo Fukagawa ◽  
Kei-ichi Shibahara ◽  
Tatsuo Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Chromatin Assembly ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Nucleosome Assembly ◽  
Chromatin Assembly Factor ◽  
Assembly Factor

Chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1), a complex consisting of p150, p60, and p48 subunits, is highly conserved from yeast to humans and facilitates nucleosome assembly of newly replicated DNA in vitro. To investigate roles of CAF-1 in vertebrates, we generated two conditional DT40 mutants, respectively, devoid of CAF-1p150 and p60. Depletion of each of these CAF-1 subunits led to delayed S-phase progression concomitant with slow DNA synthesis, followed by accumulation in late S/G2 phase and aberrant mitosis associated with extra centrosomes, and then the final consequence was cell death. We demonstrated that CAF-1 is necessary for rapid nucleosome formation during DNA replication in vivo as well as in vitro. Loss of CAF-1 was not associated with the apparent induction of phosphorylations of S-checkpoint kinases Chk1 and Chk2. To elucidate the precise role of domain(s) in CAF-1p150, functional dissection analyses including rescue assays were preformed. Results showed that the binding abilities of CAF-1p150 with CAF-1p60 and DNA polymerase sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) but not with heterochromatin protein HP1-γ are required for cell viability. These observations highlighted the essential role of CAF-1–dependent nucleosome assembly in DNA replication and cell proliferation through its interaction with PCNA.

scholarly journals Lineage-specific requirements of β-catenin in neural crest development

2002 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisette Hari ◽  
Véronique Brault ◽  
Maurice Kléber ◽  
Hye-Youn Lee ◽  
Fabian Ille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Neural Crest Development ◽  
Sensory Neurogenesis

β-Catenin plays a pivotal role in cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. Moreover, it is a downstream signaling component of Wnt that controls multiple developmental processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and fate decisions. To study the role of β-catenin in neural crest development, we used the Cre/loxP system to ablate β-catenin specifically in neural crest stem cells. Although several neural crest–derived structures develop normally, mutant animals lack melanocytes and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that mutant neural crest cells emigrate but fail to generate an early wave of sensory neurogenesis that is normally marked by the transcription factor neurogenin (ngn) 2. This indicates a role of β-catenin in premigratory or early migratory neural crest and points to heterogeneity of neural crest cells at the earliest stages of crest development. In addition, migratory neural crest cells lateral to the neural tube do not aggregate to form DRG and are unable to produce a later wave of sensory neurogenesis usually marked by the transcription factor ngn1. We propose that the requirement of β-catenin for the specification of melanocytes and sensory neuronal lineages reflects roles of β-catenin both in Wnt signaling and in mediating cell–cell interactions.

Transcription factor GATA4 regulates cardiac BCL2 gene expression in vitro and in vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 800-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kobayashi ◽  
Troy Lackey ◽  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Egbert Bisping ◽  
William T. Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Bcl2 Gene

scholarly journals Angiotensin II infusion in vivo does not modulate cortisol secretion in the late-gestation ovine fetus

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (2) ◽  
pp. R357-R362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten R. Poore ◽  
I. Ross Young ◽  
Benedict J. Canny ◽  
Geoffrey D. Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Ovine Fetus

Maturation of the fetal adrenal gland is critical for the onset of ovine parturition. It has long been proposed that the fetal adrenal gland may be under inhibitory influences during late gestation. In vitro evidence has suggested that angiotensin II may be such an inhibitory factor and may help to prevent a premature increase in cortisol concentrations. The aim of this study was to test the effect of angiotensin II infusion in vivo on basal cortisol concentrations and fetal adrenal responsiveness to an ACTH-(1—24) challenge. Fetuses received a continuous infusion of either angiotensin II (100 ng ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1; n = 7) or saline (2 ml/h; n = 4), which commenced at 140 days of gestation (GA) and continued for a total of 50 h. Adrenal responsiveness to the administration of ACTH-(1—24) (5 μg/kg) was determined during angiotensin II or saline infusions at both 2 and 48 h after infusion onset. Angiotensin II had no significant effect on adrenal responsiveness after acute (2 h) or chronic (48 h) infusion. There was no effect of saline or angiotensin II infusion on basal immunoreactive ACTH or cortisol concentrations after 2 h, but there was a significant increase in basal cortisol concentrations in both treatment groups by 48 h, probably reflecting the normal rise in cortisol concentrations at this GA. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly increased in angiotensin II-infused fetuses only. This study has therefore found no evidence to suggest that angiotensin II infusion in vivo modulates fetal basal cortisol concentrations or adrenal responsiveness in the last week of gestation, in contrast with previous in vitro studies. These results throw into question the proposed role of angiotensin II as a negative modulator of adrenal function in the ovine fetus.

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