scholarly journals Immune Evasion, a Potential Mechanism of Trichothecenes: New Insights into Negative Immune Regulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Wu ◽  
Wenda Wu ◽  
Tanos Franca ◽  
Vesna Jacevic ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Immune Evasion Mechanism ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Days ago, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018 was awarded jointly to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo “for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation”. This news has increased the attention on immunotoxicity and immune evasion mechanisms, which are once again hot research topics. Actually, increasing lines of evidence show that trichothecene mycotoxins have a strong immunosuppressive effect. These mycotoxins suppress the host immunity and make them more sensitive to the infection of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. However, the underlying mechanism(s) in this context is still poorly understood. Interestingly, recent work showed that an immune evasion mechanism might be involved in trichothecene immunotoxicity. In this work, we discuss the potential immune evasion mechanism in trichothecene immunotoxicity. More importantly, under these circumstances, we are pleased to compile a Special Issue entitled “Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Toxicology of Natural and Synthetic Toxins” for the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS). Researchers are encouraged to share their latest interesting findings with the readers of IJMS.

HPV-mediated Cervical Cancer: A Systematic review on Immunological Basis, Molecular Biology and Immune evasion mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramar Vanajothi ◽  
Natarajan Srikanth ◽  
Rajendran Vijayakumar ◽  
Manikandan Palanisamy ◽  
Sundaresan Bhavaniramya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Immune Evasion Mechanism ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV), one of the most frequently transmitted viruses globally, causing several malignancies including cervical cancer Aim: Owing to their unique pathogenicity HPV viruses can persist in the host organism for a longer duration than other virus types, to complete their lifecycle. During its association with the host, HPV causes various pathological conditions affecting the immune system by evading the host immune- mechanisms leading to the progression of various diseases, including cance Method: To date, ~ 150 serotypes were identified, and certain high-risk HPV types are known to be associated with genital warts and cervical cancer. As of now, two prophylactic vaccines are in use for the treatment of HPV infection, however, no effective antiviral drug is available for HPV-associated disease/infections. Numerous clinical and laboratory studies are being investigated to formulate an effective and specific vaccine again HPV infections and associated diseases Result: As the immunological basis of HPV infection and associated disease progress persist indistinctly, deeper insights on immune evasion mechanism and molecular biology of disease would aid in developing an effective vaccine. Conclusion: Thus this review focuses, aiming a systematic review on the immunological aspects of HPV-associated cervical cancer by uncovering immune evasion strategies adapted by HPV.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Role of Immune Evasion and Integration of Human Papillomavirus in Oropharyngeal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Takashi Hatano ◽  
Daisuke Sano ◽  
Hideaki Takahashi ◽  
Nobuhiko Oridate
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Immune Evasion Mechanism ◽  
Cell Cycle Activation ◽  
Genome Integration ◽  
Integration Mechanisms ◽  
E6 And E7

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasing remarkably among all head and neck cancers, mainly due to its association with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Most HPVs are eliminated by the host’s immune system; however, because HPV has developed an effective immune evasion mechanism to complete its replication cycle, a small number of HPVs are not eliminated, leading to persistent infection. Moreover, during the oncogenic process, the extrachromosomal HPV genome often becomes integrated into the host genome. Integration involves the induction and high expression of E6 and E7, leading to cell cycle activation and increased genomic instability in the host. Therefore, integration is an important event in oncogenesis, although the associated mechanism remains unclear, especially in HPV-OPC. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on HPV-mediated carcinogenesis, with special emphasis on immune evasion and integration mechanisms, which are crucial for oncogenesis.

Documenting ancient plant management in the northwest of North AmericaThis paper was submitted for the Special Issue on Ethnobotany, inspired by the Ethnobotany Symposium organized by Alain Cuerrier, Montréal Botanical Garden, and held in Montréal at the 2006 annual meeting of the Canadian Botanical Association.

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Lepofsky ◽  
Ken Lertzman
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Ethnographic literature documents the pervasiveness of plant-management strategies, such as prescribed burning and other kinds of cultivation, among Northwest Peoples after European contact. In contrast, definitive evidence of precontact plant management has been elusive. Documenting the nature and extent of precontact plant-management strategies has relevance to historians, archaeologists, managers, conservationists, forest ecologists, and First Nations. In this paper, we summarize the various lines of evidence that have been, or could be, used to document ancient cultivation in the northwest of North America. We organize this discussion by the ecological consequences of ancient plant-management practices and their documented or potential visibility in the paleo-, neo-ecological, and archaeological records. Our review demonstrates that while finding evidence of ancient plant management can be difficult, such evidence can be found when innovative research methods are applied. Further, when various independent lines of evidence are compiled, reconstructions of past plant-management strategies are strengthened considerably.

Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: A potential mechanism of immune evasion

10.1038/nm730 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidong Dong ◽  
Scott E. Strome ◽  
Diva R. Salomao ◽  
Hideto Tamura ◽  
Fumiya Hirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
T Cell Apoptosis

scholarly journals Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction alleviated hyperandrogenism in a letrozole-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by inhibition of NF-κB activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-yun Shao ◽  
Zhuang-peng Chang ◽  
Yao Cheng ◽  
Xin-chun Wang ◽  
Jing-ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction (SGD) has been widely used for the treatment of gynopathy. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of SGD on hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats. In the present work, SGD was orally administrated to the PCOS rats at the dose of 12.5, 25, and 50 g/kg/d for 14 consecutive days. UPLC–MS/MS was performed to identify the main chemical components of SGD. Body weight, ovarian weight, cystic dilating follicles, and serum levels of steroid hormones were tested to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SGD. In order to further clarify the underlying mechanism, we also measured mRNA and the protein levels of NF-κB, NF-κB p65, P-NF-κB p65, and IκB by RT-qPCR and Western blotting techniques. Our results showed that SGD treatment significantly alleviated hyperandrogenism in PCOS rats as evidenced by reduced serum levels of T and increased E2 and FSH levels. In addition, SGD effectively reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and increased the expression of IκB. Results of the present study demonstrated that SGD could ameliorate hyperandrogenism in PCOS rats, and the potential mechanism may relate to the NF-κB pathway.

scholarly journals Editorial – Preface to the Special Issue on Numerical Techniques Meet with OR

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Burcu Gürbüz ◽  
Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Numerical Techniques ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Foundations Of Computing

AbstractThis special issue of the Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences, titled ”Numerical Techniques Meet with OR”, is devoted to the numerical techniques and their applications in real-world phenomena. The special issue and its editorial present numerical algorithms as they meet with different research topics such as, e.g., from operational research, supply chain management, geometrical structures and Covid-19 effects on financial applications. Besides, the special issue covers instructional information about numerical techniques which are useful for OR research problems and real-world applications on such issues.

scholarly journals Inhibition of IFN-γ-Induced Class II Transactivator Expression by a 19-kDa Lipoprotein fromMycobacterium tuberculosis: A Potential Mechanism for Immune Evasion

2003 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rish K. Pai ◽  
Marilyn Convery ◽  
Thomas A. Hamilton ◽  
W. Henry Boom ◽  
Clifford V. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Class Ii Transactivator ◽  
Ifn Γ

scholarly journals Suppression of NF-κB Activity: A Viral Immune Evasion Mechanism

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyao Deng ◽  
Qiurui Zeng ◽  
Mingshu Wang ◽  
Anchun Cheng ◽  
Renyong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Deubiquitinating Enzymes ◽  
Immune Evasion Mechanism ◽  
Viral Immune Evasion ◽  
Antiviral Genes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Small Hydrophobic

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an important transcription factor that induces the expression of antiviral genes and viral genes. NF-κB activation needs the activation of NF-κB upstream molecules, which include receptors, adaptor proteins, NF-κB (IκB) kinases (IKKs), IκBα, and NF-κB dimer p50/p65. To survive, viruses have evolved the capacity to utilize various strategies that inhibit NF-κB activity, including targeting receptors, adaptor proteins, IKKs, IκBα, and p50/p65. To inhibit NF-κB activation, viruses encode several specific NF-κB inhibitors, including NS3/4, 3C and 3C-like proteases, viral deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), phosphodegron-like (PDL) motifs, viral protein phosphatase (PPase)-binding proteins, and small hydrophobic (SH) proteins. Finally, we briefly describe the immune evasion mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) by inhibiting NF-κB activity in productive and latent infections. This paper reviews a viral mechanism of immune evasion that involves the suppression of NF-κB activation to provide new insights into and references for the control and prevention of viral diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document