scholarly journals Characterization of Callose Deposition and Analysis of the Callose Synthase Gene Family of Brassica napus in Response to Leptosphaeria maculans

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Zhongwei Zou ◽  
W. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Callose Synthase ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Protein Properties ◽  
Gene Structures ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa

Callose plays a critical role in different biological processes including development as well as in the response to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we characterized the callose deposition in cotyledons of different Brassica napus varieties post-inoculated with different Leptosphaeria maculans isolates. Further, members of the callose synthase gene were identified from the whole genome of B. napus using the 12 Arabidopsis thaniana callose synthase protein sequences, and were then classified into three groups based on their phylogenetic relationships. Chromosomal location and duplication patterns indicated uneven distribution and segmental duplication patterns of BnCalS genes in the B. napus genome. Subsequently, gene structures, conserved domains analysis, and protein properties were analyzed for BnCalS genes. In addition, 12 B. napus orthologs of the AtCalS were selected for investigating the tissue expression pattern, indicating diverse expression patterns for these BnCalS genes. Responses of the selected 12 orthologs and all the BnCalS genes were characterized in the different types (AvrLm1-Rlm1, AvrLm4-Rlm4, AvrLepR1-LepR1) of B. napus–L. maculans interactions and B. napus-Leptosphaeria biglobosa interactions, implying their potential roles in response to Leptosphaeria infection.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of the CalS gene family in cotton reveals their potential roles in fiber development and responses to stress

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12557
Author(s):  
Jiajia Feng ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Xianghui Xiao ◽  
Yunfang Qu ◽  
Pengtao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
Callose Synthase ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Gene Structures

Callose deposition occurs during plant growth and development, as well as when plants are under biotic and abiotic stress. Callose synthase is a key enzyme for the synthesis of callose. In this study, 27, 28, 16, and 15 callose synthase family members were identified in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum using the sequence of Arabidopsis callose synthase. The CalSs were divided into five groups by phylogenetic, gene structure, and conservative motif analysis. The conserved motifs and gene structures of CalSs in each group were highly similar. Based on the analysis of cis-acting elements, it is inferred that GhCalSs were regulated by abiotic stress. WGD/Segmental duplication promoted the amplification of the CalS gene in cotton, and purification selection had an important function in the CalS family. The transcriptome data and qRT-PCR under cold, heat, salt, and PEG treatments showed that GhCalSs were involved in abiotic stress. The expression patterns of GhCalSs were different in various tissues. We predicted that GhCalS4, which was highly expressed in fibers, had an important effect on fiber elongation. Hence, these results help us understand the role of GhCalSs in fiber development and stress response.

scholarly journals Induced Resistance to Blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) Disease of Canola (Brassica napus) Caused by a Weakly Virulent Isolate of Leptosphaeria biglobosa

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
W. G. D. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Pathogenicity Group ◽  
Weakly Virulent ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa ◽  
Highly Virulent

Blackleg of canola is a disease complex of at least two fungal species: Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa. Isolates of L. biglobosa typically are weakly virulent or avirulent and are assigned to pathogenicity group 1 (PG-1). Isolates of L. maculans are highly virulent and encompass pathogenicity groups PG-2, PG-3, and PG-4. In greenhouse tests, percent lesion/leaf area (PLLA) on cotyledons of two Brassica napus cultivars, Westar and Invigor 2153, was smaller when L. biglobosa (PG-1) was either pre- or co-inoculated at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h with virulent isolates of L. maculans in PG-2, PG-3, and PG-4. On six-leaf-stage plants of Westar, the PLLA declined significantly compared with the control when the lower leaves were treated with either PG-1 or salicylic acid, then challenged with a PG-2 isolate 24 h later. In addition, the activity of four enzymes (chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) was greatly enhanced at 48 and 72 h when cotyledons of Westar were inoculated first with PG-1 followed by PG-2 24 h later, compared with a water control treatment. Field experiments conducted in 2003 and 2004 showed decreased blackleg severity in plants inoculated with PG-1 alone or prior to PG-2 compared with plants inoculated with PG-2 alone or prior to PG-1.

scholarly journals Mycovirus-Induced Hypervirulence of Leptosphaeria biglobosa Enhances Systemic Acquired Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unnati A. Shah ◽  
Ioly Kotta-Loizou ◽  
Bruce D. L. Fitt ◽  
Robert H. A. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa

Phoma stem canker (blackleg) is one of the most important diseases of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) worldwide and is caused by a complex that comprises at least two species: Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa. Screening a panel of field Leptosphaeria isolates from B. napus for the presence of mycoviruses revealed the presence of a novel double-stranded RNA quadrivirus in L. biglobosa and no viruses in L. maculans. Following elimination of the mycovirus, virus-infected and virus-free isogenic lines of L. biglobosa were created. A direct comparison of the growth and virulence of these isogenic lines illustrated that virus infection caused hypervirulence and resulted in induced systemic resistance toward L. maculans in B. napus following lower leaf preinoculation with the virus-infected isolate. Analysis of the plant transcriptome suggests that the presence of the virus leads to subtle alterations in metabolism and plant defenses. For instance, transcripts involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism are enriched in plants treated with the virus-infected isolate, while pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinases and WRKY transcription factors are differentially expressed. These results illustrate the potential for deliberate inoculation of plants with hypervirulent L. biglobosa to decrease the severity of Phoma stem canker later in the growing season. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Conservation and Divergence of the CONSTANS-Like (COL) Genes Related to Flowering and Circadian Rhythm in Brassica napus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxi Chen ◽  
Rijin Zhou ◽  
Qiong Hu ◽  
Wenliang Wei ◽  
Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Circadian Expression ◽  
Photoperiod Pathway ◽  
Gene Structures

The CONSTANS-LIKE (COL) genes are important signaling component in the photoperiod pathway and flowering regulation pathway. However, people still know little about their role in Brassica napus. To achieve a better understanding of the members of the BnaCOL gene family, reveal their evolutionary relationship and related functions involved in photoperiod regulation, we systematically analyzed the BnaCOL family members in B. napus genome. A total of 33 BnaCOL genes distributed unevenly on 16 chromosomes were identified in B. napus and could be classified into three subfamilies. The same subfamilies have relatively conservative gene structures, three-dimensional protein structures and promoter motifs such as light-responsive cis-elements. The collinearity analysis detected 37 pairs of repetitive genes in B. napus genome. A 67.7% of the BnaCOL genes were lost after B. napus genome polyploidization. In addition, the BnaCOL genes showed different tissue-specific expression patterns. A 81.8% of the BnaCOL genes were mainly expressed in leaves, indicating that they may play a conservative role in leaves. Subsequently, we tested the circadian expression profiles of nine homologous genes that regulate flowering in Arabidopsis. Most BnaCOL genes exhibit several types of circadian rhythms, indicating that these BnaCOL genes are involved in the photoperiod pathway. As such, our research has laid the foundation for understanding the exact role of the BnaCOL family in the growth and development of rapeseed, especially in flowering.

The teleomorph of the weakly aggressive segregate ofLeptosphaeriamaculans

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Shoemaker ◽  
Hortense Brun
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Phoma Lingam ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Weakly Virulent ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa

Leptosphaeria biglobosa n.sp. is described for the weakly virulent (or non-aggressive) pathogen causing blackleg of oilseed rape and canola. The new species differs from the aggressive blackleg organism, Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & De Not. in having a very prominent beak on the ascomata that is greatly enlarged at the apex. Ascomata of both species were produced on canola stems either by inoculation of compatible strains of the Phoma anamorph or by single ascospore isolates at a distance of 1 cm and letting them grow together. Both species exhibit bipolar heterothallism. Interspecific crosses were negative. In a study of type specimens of Leptosphaeria species with 5-septate ascospores infecting Cruciferae, none were found that matched the features of L. biglobosa. Leptosphaeria napi (Fuckel) Saccardo on Brassica napus L., and Leptosphaeria virginica (Cooke & Ellis) Saccardo on Lepidium virginica L., are synonyms of L. maculans. Leptosphaeria submaculans Holm on Sisymbrium, Berteroa, and Erysimum has distinctively enlarged ascospores. Leptosphaeria alliariae (Desm.) Ces. & De Not. on Alliaria officinalis Andrz., has much smaller ascospores. Leptosphaeria lindquistii Frezzi on Helianthus annuus L. of the Asteraceae has ascospores with only one, two, or rarely, three septa but was considered because it too has a Phoma anamorph.Key words: Phoma lingam, B group, ascomata.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the SUV Gene Family in Allopolyploid Brassica napus and Its Diploid Ancestors

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1848
Author(s):  
Meimei Hu ◽  
Mengdi Li ◽  
Jianbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Protein Motifs ◽  
Gene Pairs ◽  
Gene Structures

SUV (the Suppressor of variegation [Su(var)] homologs and related) gene family is a subgroup of the SET gene family. According to the SRA domain and WIYLD domain distributions, it can be divided into two categories, namely SUVH (the Suppressor of variegation [Su(var)] homologs) and SUVR (the Suppressor of variegation [Su(var)] related). In this study, 139 SUV genes were identified in allopolyploid Brassica napus and its diploid ancestors, and their evolutionary relationships, protein properties, gene structures, motif distributions, transposable elements, cis-acting elements and gene expression patterns were analyzed. Our results showed that the SUV gene family of B. napus was amplified during allopolyploidization, in which the segmental duplication and TRD played critical roles. After the separation of Brassica and Arabidopsis lineages, orthologous gene analysis showed that many SUV genes were lost during the evolutionary process in B. rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus. The analysis of the gene and protein structures and expression patterns of 30 orthologous gene pairs which may have evolutionary relationships showed that most of them were conserved in gene structures and protein motifs, but only four gene pairs had the same expression patterns.

scholarly journals The Gene Structure and Expression Level Changes of the GH3 Gene Family in Brassica napus Relative to Its Diploid Ancestors

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihua Wang ◽  
Mengdi Li ◽  
Xiaoming Wu ◽  
Jianbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Cis Element ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Gene Structures ◽  
Gene Structure And Expression

The GH3 gene family plays a vital role in the phytohormone-related growth and developmental processes. The effects of allopolyploidization on GH3 gene structures and expression levels have not been reported. In this study, a total of 38, 25, and 66 GH3 genes were identified in Brassica rapa (ArAr), Brassica oleracea (CoCo), and Brassica napus (AnACnCn), respectively. BnaGH3 genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes with 39 on An and 27 on Cn, in which six BnaGH3 genes may appear as new genes. The whole genome triplication allowed the GH3 gene family to expand in diploid ancestors, and allopolyploidization made the GH3 gene family re-expand in B. napus. For most BnaGH3 genes, the exon-intron compositions were similar to diploid ancestors, while the cis-element distributions were obviously different from its ancestors. After allopolyploidization, the expression patterns of GH3 genes from ancestor species changed greatly in B. napus, and the orthologous gene pairs between An/Ar and Cn/Co had diverged expression patterns across four tissues. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the GH3 gene family in B. napus, and these results could contribute to identifying genes with vital roles in phytohormone-related growth and developmental processes.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) family genes in Brassica napus

Genome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Wei ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Hongju Jian ◽  
Aoxiang Zhang ◽  
Ruiying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Gene Structures ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Exogenous Iaa

The hormone auxin is involved in many biological processes throughout a plant’s lifecycle. However, genes in the GH3 (Gretchen Hagen3) family, one of the three major auxin-responsive gene families, have not yet been identified in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). In this study, we identified 63 BnaGH3 genes in oilseed rape using homology searches. We analyzed the chromosome locations, gene structures, and phylogenetic relationships of the BnaGH3 genes, as well as the cis-elements in their promoters. Most BnaGH3 genes are located on chromosomes A03, A09, C02, C03, and C09, each with 4–7 members. In addition, we analyzed the expression patterns of BnaGH3 genes in seven tissues by transcriptome sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of plants under exogenous IAA treatment. The BnaGH3 genes showed different expression patterns in various tissues. BnaA.GH3.2-1 and BnaC.GH3.2-1 were expressed in the seed and seed coat during development and in response to IAA treatment. These results shed light on the possible roles of the GH3 gene family in oilseed rape.

scholarly journals The β- Amylase Gene Family in Brassica Napus: Genome Wide Analysis and Expression Profiles in Response to Abiotic Stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lv ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Ziqi Jia ◽  
Yong Cheng ◽  
Xiling Zou
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Gene Structures

Abstract Background: The β amylase (BAM) gene family, known for their property of catalytic ability to hydrolyze starch to maltose units, has been recognized to play critical roles in metabolism and gene regulation. To date, BAM genes have not been characterized in oil crops.Results: In this study, the genome wide survey revealed the identification of 30 BnaBAM genes in Brassica napus (B. napus), 11 BraBAM genes in Brassica rapa (B. rapa), 20 BoBAM genes in Brassica oleracea (B. oleracea), which were divided into 4 subfamilies according to the sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationships. All the BAM genes identified in the allotetraploid genome of B. napus, as well as two parental related species (B. rapa and B. oleracea), were analyzed for the gene structures, chromosomal distribution and collinearity, the sequence alignment of the core glucosyl hydrolase domains was further applied. 30 BnaBAMs, 11 BraBAMs and 17 BoBAMs exhibited uneven distribution on chromosomes of Brassica crops. The similar structural compositions of BAM genes in the same subfamily suggested that they were relatively conserved. Abiotic stresses pose one of the major constraints to plant growth and productivity worldwide. Thus, the responsiveness of BnaBAM genes under abiotic stresses were analyzed in B. napus. The expression patterns revealed a stress responsive behavior of all members, of which BnaBAM3s were more prominent. These differential expression patterns suggested an intricate regulation of BnaBAMs elicited by environmental stimuli. Conclusion: Altogether, the present study provides first insights into the BAM gene family of Brassica crops, which lays the foundation for investigating the roles of stress--responsive BnaBAM candidates in B. napus.

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