scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles from Thyroid Carcinoma: The New Frontier of Liquid Biopsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germana Rappa ◽  
Caterina Puglisi ◽  
Mark Santos ◽  
Stefano Forte ◽  
Lorenzo Memeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive

The diagnostic approach to thyroid cancer is one of the most challenging issues in oncology of the endocrine system because of its high incidence (3.8% of all new cancer cases in the US) and the difficulty to distinguish benign from malignant non-functional thyroid nodules and establish the cervical lymph node involvement during staging. Routine diagnosis of thyroid nodules usually relies on a fine-needle aspirate biopsy, which is invasive and often inaccurate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel, accurate, and non-invasive diagnostic procedures. Liquid biopsy, as a non-invasive approach for the detection of diagnostic biomarkers for early tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring, may be of particular benefit in this context. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a consistent source of tumor-derived RNA due to their prevalence in circulating bodily fluids, the well-established isolation protocols, and the fact that RNA in phospholipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles is protected from blood-borne RNases. Recent results in other types of cancer, including our recent study on plasma EVs from glioblastoma patients suggest that information derived from analysis of EVs from peripheral blood plasma can be integrated in the routine diagnostic tumor approach. In this review, we will examine the diagnostic and prognostic potential of liquid biopsy to detect tumor-derived nucleic acids in circulating EVs from patients with thyroid carcinoma.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Liquid Biopsy in Thyroid Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7707
Author(s):  
Chiara Romano ◽  
Federica Martorana ◽  
Maria Stella Pennisi ◽  
Stefania Stella ◽  
Michele Massimino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Thyroid Malignancies

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, encompassing different entities with distinct histological features and clinical behavior. The diagnostic definition, therapeutic approach, and follow-up of thyroid cancers display some controversial aspects that represent unmet medical needs. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive approach that detects and analyzes biological samples released from the tumor into the bloodstream. With the use of different technologies, tumor cells, free nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles can be retrieved in the serum of cancer patients and valuable molecular information can be obtained. Recently, a growing body of evidence is accumulating concerning the use of liquid biopsy in thyroid cancer, as it can be exploited to define a patient’s diagnosis, estimate their prognosis, and monitor tumor recurrence or treatment response. Indeed, liquid biopsy can be a valuable tool to overcome the limits of conventional management of thyroid malignancies. In this review, we summarize currently available data about liquid biopsy in differentiated, poorly differentiated/anaplastic, and medullary thyroid cancer, focusing on circulating tumor cells, circulating free nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles.

scholarly journals Ultrasensitive quantification of tumor mRNAs in extracellular vesicles with an integrated microfluidic digital analysis chip

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 3790-3801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Jennifer Crow ◽  
Divya Lella ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Glenson Samuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Single Molecule Detection ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Fusion Transcripts ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mrna Analysis ◽  
Analysis Platform

A microwell-patterned microfluidic digital mRNA analysis platform enables PCR-free, single-molecule detection of EWS-FLI1 fusion transcripts in EVs towards liquid biopsy-based non-invasive diagnosis of Ewing Sarcoma.

scholarly journals Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: A Current Need for Patient Diagnosis and Monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Lodewijk ◽  
Marta Dueñas ◽  
Carolina Rubio ◽  
Ester Munera-Maravilla ◽  
Cristina Segovia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
High Incidence

Bladder Cancer (BC) represents a clinical and social challenge due to its high incidence and recurrence rates, as well as the limited advances in effective disease management. Currently, a combination of cytology and cystoscopy is the routinely used methodology for diagnosis, prognosis and disease surveillance. However, both the poor sensitivity of cytology tests as well as the high invasiveness and big variation in tumour stage and grade interpretation using cystoscopy, emphasizes the urgent need for improvements in BC clinical guidance. Liquid biopsy represents a new non-invasive approach that has been extensively studied over the last decade and holds great promise. Even though its clinical use is still compromised, multiple studies have recently focused on the potential application of biomarkers in liquid biopsies for BC, including circulating tumour cells and DNA, RNAs, proteins and peptides, metabolites and extracellular vesicles. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on the different types of biomarkers, their potential use in liquid biopsy and clinical applications in BC.

scholarly journals Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Histological Types of Thyroid Cancer in the Elderly: Evaluation of 9070 Patients from a Single Referral Centre

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Anello Marcello Poma ◽  
Elisabetta Macerola ◽  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
Valerio Batini ◽  
Teresa Rago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lateral Lymph Node ◽  
Benign Nodules

Background. The prevalence of thyroid nodules increases with age. Their management takes into account the presence of co-morbidities, which are frequent among the elderly. We sought to highlight the differences between the elderly and the general population in cytological and histological diagnoses. Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, we gathered 13,747 nodule data and compared cytological and histological diagnoses between patients aged over 65 years and a control group. Results. Elderly patients had a higher prevalence of cytologically benign nodules and, consequently, they were less frequently subject to surgery. However, there were no differences in terms of malignancy-risk after surgery. At histology, elderly patients often presented aggressive histology such as medullary thyroid carcinoma, poorly-differentiated and anaplastic cancer, tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and Hürthle cell carcinoma. Even in presence of well-differentiated cancer, older patients had higher rates of local invasiveness, lateral lymph node involvement and vascular invasion. Conclusion. Thyroid nodules in elderly patients represent a challenging entity since they are very often benign, but, in case of malignancy, aggressive histotypes and high-risk features are more frequent. Therefore, presurgical characterization of nodules in older patients is crucial and might require strict monitoring.

scholarly journals Monosomy 3 Influences Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Expression in Uveal Melanoma Patients; Consequences for Liquid Biopsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9651
Author(s):  
Andrea Soltysova ◽  
Tatiana Sedlackova ◽  
Dana Dvorska ◽  
Karin Jasek ◽  
Pooneh Chokhachi Baradaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Monosomy 3 ◽  
Blood Fraction

Despite outstanding advances in diagnosis and the treatment of primary uveal melanoma (UM), nearly 50% of UM patients develop metastases via hematogenous dissemination, driven by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Despite the failure in UM to date, a liquid biopsy may offer a feasible non-invasive approach for monitoring metastatic disease progression and addressing protracted dormancy. To detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in UM patients, we evaluated the mRNA expression of EMT-associated transcription factors in CD45-depleted blood fraction, using qRT-PCR. ddPCR was employed to assess UM-specific GNA11, GNAQ, PLCβ4, and CYSLTR2 mutations in plasma DNA. Moreover, microarray analysis was performed on total RNA isolated from tumor tissues to estimate the prognostic value of EMT-associated gene expression. In total, 42 primary UM and 11 metastatic patients were enrolled. All CD45-depleted samples were negative for CTC when compared to the peripheral blood fraction of 60 healthy controls. Tumor-specific mutations were detected in the plasma of 21.4% patients, merely, in 9.4% of primary UM, while 54.5% in metastatic patients. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed EMT genes showed significant differences between monosomy 3 and disomy 3 tumors. Newly identified genes can serve as non-invasive prognostic biomarkers that can support therapeutic decisions.

Liquid biopsy: a non‐invasive approach for Hodgkin lymphoma genotyping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Alcoceba ◽  
María García‐Álvarez ◽  
M. Carmen Chillón ◽  
Cristina Jiménez ◽  
Alejandro Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals A serum-based DNA methylation assay provides accurate detection of glioma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Sabedot ◽  
Tathiane Malta ◽  
James Snyder ◽  
Kevin Nelson ◽  
Michael Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Free Dna

Abstract Background The detection of somatic mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive tool to monitor the follow-up of cancer patients. However, the significance of cfDNA clinical utility remains uncertain in patients with brain tumors, primarily because of the limited sensitivity cfDNA has to detect real tumor-specific somatic mutations. This unresolved challenge has prevented accurate follow-up of glioma patients with non-invasive approaches. Methods Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of tumor tissue and serum cell-free DNA of glioma patients. Results Here, we developed a non-invasive approach to profile the DNA methylation status in the serum of patients with gliomas and identified a cfDNA-derived methylation signature that is associated with the presence of gliomas and related immune features. By testing the signature in an independent discovery and validation cohorts, we developed and verified a score metric (the “glioma epigenetic liquid biopsy score” or GeLB) that optimally distinguished patients with or without glioma (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 97.78%). Furthermore, we found that changes in GeLB score reflected clinicopathological changes during surveillance (e.g., progression, pseudoprogression or response to standard or experimental treatment). Conclusions Our results suggest that the GeLB score can be used as a complementary approach to diagnose and follow up patients with glioma.

scholarly journals Use of extracellular vesicles from lymphatic drainage as surrogate markers of melanoma progression and BRAFV600E mutation

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana García-Silva ◽  
Alberto Benito-Martín ◽  
Sara Sánchez-Redondo ◽  
Alberto Hernández-Barranco ◽  
Pilar Ximénez-Embún ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Brafv600e Mutation ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Melanoma Progression ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Patients At Risk

Liquid biopsies from cancer patients have the potential to improve diagnosis and prognosis. The assessment of surrogate markers of tumor progression in circulating extracellular vesicles could be a powerful non-invasive approach in this setting. We have characterized extracellular vesicles purified from the lymphatic drainage also known as exudative seroma (ES) of stage III melanoma patients obtained after lymphadenectomy. Proteomic analysis showed that seroma-derived exosomes are enriched in proteins resembling melanoma progression. In addition, we found that the BRAFV600E mutation can be detected in ES-derived extracellular vesicles and its detection correlated with patients at risk of relapse.

scholarly journals Bacteria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Urine as a Novel Biomarker for Gastric Cancer: Integration of Liquid Biopsy and Metagenome Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4687
Author(s):  
Jae-Yong Park ◽  
Chil-Sung Kang ◽  
Ho-Chan Seo ◽  
Jin-Chul Shin ◽  
Sung-Min Kym ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Metagenome Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Relative Abundances

Early detection is crucial for improving the prognosis of gastric cancer, but there are no non-invasive markers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer in real clinical settings. Recently, bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as new biomarker resources. We aimed to evaluate the microbial composition in gastric cancer using bacteria-derived EVs and to build a diagnostic prediction model for gastric cancer with the metagenome data. Stool, urine, and serum samples were prospectively collected from 453 subjects (gastric cancer, 181; control, 272). EV portions were extracted from the samples for metagenome analysis. Differences in microbial diversity and composition were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene profiling, using the next-generation sequencing method. Biomarkers were selected using logistic regression models based on relative abundances at the genus level. The microbial composition of healthy groups and gastric cancer patient groups was significantly different in all sample types. The compositional differences of various bacteria, based on relative abundances, were identified at the genus level. Among the diagnostic prediction models for gastric cancer, the urine-based model showed the highest performance when compared to that of stool or serum. We suggest that bacteria-derived EVs in urine can be used as novel metagenomic markers for the non-invasive diagnosis of gastric cancer by integrating the liquid biopsy method and metagenome analysis.

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