scholarly journals DNA-Methylation-Based Detection of Urological Cancer in Urine: Overview of Biomarkers and Considerations on Biomarker Design, Source of DNA, and Detection Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Katrine Larsen ◽  
Guro Elisabeth Lind ◽  
Per Guldberg ◽  
Christina Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Urological Cancer ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Urological Cancers ◽  
Genomic Location

Changes in DNA methylation have been causally linked with cancer and provide promising biomarkers for detection in biological fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. The field has been fueled by genome-wide characterization of DNA methylation across cancer types as well as new technologies for sensitive detection of aberrantly methylated DNA molecules. For urological cancers, urine is in many situations the preferred “liquid biopsy” source because it contains exfoliated tumor cells and cell-free tumor DNA and can be obtained easily, noninvasively, and repeatedly. Here, we review recent advances made in the development of DNA-methylation-based biomarkers for detection of bladder, prostate, renal, and upper urinary tract cancers, with an emphasis on the performance characteristics of biomarkers in urine. For most biomarkers evaluated in independent studies, there was great variability in sensitivity and specificity. We discuss issues that impact the outcome of DNA-methylation-based detection of urological cancer and account for the great variability in performance, including genomic location of biomarkers, source of DNA, and technical issues related to the detection of rare aberrantly methylated DNA molecules. Finally, we discuss issues that remain to be addressed to fully exploit the potential of DNA-methylation-based biomarkers in the clinic, including the need for prospective trials and careful selection of control groups.

scholarly journals New Progress of Epigenetic Biomarkers in Urological Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wu ◽  
Ziyi Cao ◽  
Song Wu
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Urological Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Urological Cancers ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Urological cancers consist of bladder, kidney, prostate, and testis cancers and they are generally silenced at their early stage, which leads to the loss of the best opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment. Desired biomarkers are scarce for urological cancers and current biomarkers are lack of specificity and sensitivity. Epigenetic alterations are characteristic of nearly all kinds of human malignances including DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA regulation. Besides, the detection of these epigenetic conditions is easily accessible especially for urine, best target for monitoring the diseases of urinary system. Here, we summarize some new progress about epigenetic biomarkers in urological cancers, hoping to provide new thoughts for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of urological cancers.

scholarly journals The major histocompatibility complex class II promoter-binding protein RFX (NF-X) is a methylated DNA-binding protein.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6810-6818 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Y Zhang ◽  
N Jabrane-Ferrat ◽  
C K Asiedu ◽  
S Samac ◽  
B M Peterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Dna Binding Protein ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Mammalian Protein

A mammalian protein called RFX or NF-X binds to the X box (or X1 box) in the promoters of a number of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II genes. In this study, RFX was shown to have the same DNA-binding specificity as methylated DNA-binding protein (MDBP), and its own cDNA was found to contain a binding site for MDBP in the leader region. MDBP is a ubiquitous mammalian protein that binds to certain DNA sequences preferentially when they are CpG methylated and to other related sequences, like the X box, irrespective of DNA methylation. MDBP from HeLa and Raji cells formed DNA-protein complexes with X-box oligonucleotides that coelectrophoresed with those containing standard MDBP sites. Furthermore, MDBP and X-box oligonucleotides cross-competed for the formation of these DNA-protein complexes. DNA-protein complexes obtained with MDBP sites displayed the same partial supershifting with an antiserum directed to the N terminus of RFX seen for complexes containing an X-box oligonucleotide. Also, the in vitro-transcribed-translated product of a recombinant RFX cDNA bound specifically to MDBP ligands and displayed the DNA methylation-dependent binding of MDBP. RFX therefore contains MDBP activity and thereby also EF-C, EP, and MIF activities that are indistinguishable from MDBP and that bind to methylation-independent sites in the transcriptional enhancers of polyomavirus and hepatitis B virus and to an intron of c-myc.

Surgery for urological cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-272
Author(s):  
Suzanne Biers ◽  
Noel Armenakas ◽  
Alastair Lamb ◽  
Stephen Mark ◽  
John Reynard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Urological Cancer ◽  
Urological Cancers ◽  
Patient Preparation

This chapter covers various surgical procedures for dealing with different urological cancers. For each method, it takes the reader through diagnosis, indications for the procedure, assessment and staging, patient preparation, and surgical approaches, then closure, and any other potential issues. Each topic is highly illustrated, to aid understanding for unfamiliar procedures.

scholarly journals Outcomes in urological cancer are strongly influenced by route to diagnosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Jayne L Douglas-Moore ◽  
Luke Hounsome ◽  
Julia Verne ◽  
Roger Kockelbergh
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Cancer Case ◽  
Urological Cancer ◽  
Emergency Presentation ◽  
Urological Cancers ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Cancer Outcome ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Introduction: The Routes to Diagnosis study has recorded data on new cancer diagnoses since 2006. The route to diagnosis of urological cancer influences outcomes and factors including gender, age and deprivation are implicated in affecting the way in which patients present. Materials and methods: Data were obtained from the National Cancer Intelligence Network Routes to Diagnosis study. Every new cancer case is assigned to one of eight routes of diagnosis, seven of which are applicable to urological cancers. Data from 2006 to 2013 are described in this report. Results: Two week wait is the most common route to diagnosis of bladder and testicular cancer compared to prostate, renal and penile malignancy in which routine general practitioner referral was the most common route. Two week wait referrals are associated with the best survival, and emergency presentations with the worst. Emergency presentation increases with advancing age but is also noted to be a significant route to diagnosis in patients less than 50 years. Bladder and renal cancer are more common in men but the route to diagnosis varies with gender. Increasing deprivation increases emergency presentation but has minimal effect on two week wait and routine general practitioner referrals. Conclusion: National data on the impact of route to diagnosis of urological malignancy have been described for the first time. The effect of age and gender on route to diagnosis and consequently cancer outcome has been noted. To enable earlier diagnosis attention must focus on extremes of age, patients with penile cancer and the most deprived patients.

scholarly journals Acetylation of UHRF1 Regulates Hemi-methylated DNA Binding and Maintenance of Genome-wide DNA Methylation

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 107958
Author(s):  
Ja Young Hahm ◽  
Jin Woo Park ◽  
Joo-Young Kang ◽  
Junyoung Park ◽  
Chul-Hong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Paternal arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal status affects DNA methylation in seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 20170407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Varga ◽  
Carl D. Soulsbury
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽  
First Time

Most land plants grow in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in their roots and these fungi can cause transgenerational effects on plants' offspring. These may be caused by changes in DNA methylation of the offspring. In this study, we compared the amount of global DNA methylation in seeds of the gynodioecious plant Geranium sylvaticum in relation to the gender and the AMF status of the parents producing the seeds. The amount of DNA methylated was positively related to seed mass. Seeds produced by females had a similar proportion of methylated DNA regardless of the AMF status of the father siring the seed. By contrast, seeds from hermaphrodites had higher DNA methylation when sired by AMF fathers. We show to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that the AMF status of fathers can affect DNA methylation in seeds and that these changes in DNA methylation are further dependent on the gender of the mother producing the seeds.

scholarly journals Sensitive detection of methylated DNA and methyltransferase activity based on the lighting up of FAM-labeled DNA quenched fluorescence by gold nanoparticles

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 12063-12069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Karimi ◽  
Mehdi Dadmehr ◽  
Morteza Hosseini ◽  
Behnaz Korouzhdehi ◽  
Fatemeh Oroojalian
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Fluorescence Recovery ◽  
Methyltransferase Activity ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Novel Method

A novel method for detection of DNA methylation based on fluorescence recovery of FAM labeled DNA/Au NPs was introduced.

scholarly journals On-Chip DNA Methylation Analysis Using Osmium Complexation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Sugizaki ◽  
Tadashi Umemoto ◽  
Akimitsu Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Chemical Assay ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Detection Probe ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Dna Strand ◽  
Dna Methylation Analysis

The development of a reaction for detecting the presence/absence of one methyl group in a long DNA strand is a chemically and biologically challenging research subject. A newly designed chemical assay on a chip for the typing of DNA methylation has been developed. A methylation-detection probe fixed at the bottom of microwells was crosslinked with methylated DNA mediated by osmium complexation and contributes to selective amplification of methylated DNA.

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