scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Isoflavones from Pueraria (Kudzu) Flower Extract in Ovariectomised Mice: A Comparison with Soy Isoflavones

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2867
Author(s):  
Yuko Tousen ◽  
Jun Takebayashi ◽  
Takashi Kondo ◽  
Hiroyuki Fuchino ◽  
Noriaki Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Efficacy Assessment ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Drug Metabolising Enzymes

Numerous Foods with Function Claims that contain the extract of Pueraria flower (kudzu) isoflavones (PFI) are available in the Japanese market. These are labelled with function claims of reducing visceral fat. However, these foods have not undergone proper safety assessment such as the evaluation of their oestrogenic activity and effects on drug-metabolising enzymes (cytochrome P-450: CYP) in the liver. This study evaluated the estrogenic effect and the hepatic CYP activity and mRNA expression in normal female mice as a safety assessment of PFI (Experiment 1). In addition, the bone mineral density and visceral fat weight in ovariectomised mice (OVX) compared to soy isoflavones (SI) was evaluated to assess the efficacy of PFI (Experiment 2). OVX control fed a control diet, OVX fed a PFI diet (the recommended human intake of PFI), OVX fed a PFI20 diet (20- times the recommended PFI), OVX fed an SI diet (the recommended human intake of SI), and OVX fed an SI20 diet (20 -times the recommended intake of SI) for 28 days in Experiment 2. Body, liver, and visceral fat weights were not affected by the PFI, PFI20, SI, or SI20 diets. The hepatic CYP1A and CYP3A activities were elevated by the SI20 treatment. Ovariectomy-induced bone loss was inhibited by the SI20 treatment, but not by the PFI20 treatment. These results suggest that (1) PFI intake in human doses had no oestrogenic properties and did not affect CYP activity in the liver; (2) there was no evidence that PFI affects the amount of visceral fat in OVX mice.

scholarly journals The Combination of Soy Isoflavones and Resveratrol Preserve Bone Mineral Density in Hindlimb-Unloaded Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2043
Author(s):  
Yuko Tousen ◽  
Ryota Ichimaru ◽  
Takashi Kondo ◽  
Masaki Inada ◽  
Chisato Miyaura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Expression Ratio ◽  
Positive Balance

It is well known that physical inactivity during space flight or prolonged bed rest causes rapid bone loss. Soy isoflavones (ISOs) and resveratrol (RES) have been reported to be useful to maintain a positive balance for bone turnover. Therefore, we examined the combined effects of ISO and RES on bone loss that was induced by hindlimb-unloading in mice. Female eight-week-old ddY mice were divided into the following six groups (n = 6–8 each): normally housed mice, loading mice, hindlimb-unloading (UL) mice fed a control diet, UL mice fed a 0.16% ISO conjugates, UL mice fed a 0.15% RES diet, and UL mice fed a 0.16% ISO and 0.15% RES diet. After three weeks, femoral bone mineral density was markedly decreased in unloading mice. The combination of ISO and RES prevented bone loss and especially maintained the trabecular bone mineral density more effectively compared with cortical bones. ISO and/or RES inhibited the increase in the RANKL/OPG expression ratio in bone marrow cells in UL mice. These results suggest that the combination of ISO and RES had a preventive effect against bone loss induced by hindlimb-unloading in mice. These osteoprotective effects of ISO and RES may result from the inhibition of bone resorption.

Female Hyperandrogenism in Elite Sports and the Athletic Triad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Endocrine Disturbances ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractEssential hyperandrogenism seems to be overrepresented in female elite athletes. This applies to mild forms such as polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as rare differences/disorders of sex development (DSD). The reason is likely a selection bias since there is increasing evidence that androgens are beneficial for athletic performance by potent anabolic effects on muscle mass and bone mass, and stimulation of erythropoiesis. XY DSD may cause a greatly increased production of testosterone in the male range, that is, 10 to 20 times higher than the normal female range. The established regulations concerning the eligibility of female athletes with severe hyperandrogenism to compete in the female classification remain controversial. The most common cause of menstrual disorders in female athletes, however, is probably an acquired functional hypothalamic disturbance due to energy deficiency in relation to energy expenditure, which could lead to low bone mineral density and increased risk of injury. This condition is particularly common in endurance and esthetic sports, where a lean body composition is considered an advantage for physical performance. It is important to carefully evaluate endocrine disturbances and menstrual disorders in athletes since the management should be specific according to the underlying cause.

scholarly journals Dietary n-3 PUFA content as a modulator of the femur properties in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-518
Author(s):  
Monika Sobol ◽  
Grzegorz Skiba ◽  
Stanisława Raj
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Pufa Ratio

AbstractThe relationships between both dietary and empty body fatty acid composition and the morphometry, densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur of growing pigs were analysed. A total of thirty-two pigs aged 115 d were divided into four groups (n 8 per group). The pigs were fed either a control diet (group C) or a diet supplemented with linseed oil (rich in α-linolenic acid (C18 : 3n-3), group L), fish oil (rich in EPA (C20 : 5n-3) and DHA (C22 : 6n-3), group F) and beef tallow (rich in SFA, group T). The diets differed in n-3 PUFA contents (0·63–18·52 g/kg) and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios (0·91–14·51). At 165 d of age, the pigs were slaughtered and the fatty acids in the empty body were determined. Moreover, the left femur was dissected. The cortical wall thickness, cross-sectional area, cortical index, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, maximum elastic strength and maximum strength were lower (P<0·05) in the femurs of pigs from groups C and T than in those from groups F and L. Significant positive correlations were found between the densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur and both dietary and empty body n-3 PUFA content, whereas significant negative correlations were observed between the same properties and both dietary and empty body n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. The results of the present study suggest that in growing pigs α-linolenic acid has a similar positive effect on bone health to that of EPA and DHA.

scholarly journals The relationship between visceral fat thickness and bone mineral density in sedentary obese children and adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior ◽  
Jefferson Rosa Cardoso ◽  
Diego G Destro Christofaro ◽  
Jamile Sanches Codogno ◽  
Augusto César Ferreira de Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

Adiponectin as a novel determinant of bone mineral density and visceral fat

Bone ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Lenchik ◽  
T.C Register ◽  
F-C Hsu ◽  
K Lohman ◽  
B.J Nicklas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Effects of Greenshell Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Intake on Pathological Markers of Multiple Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6131
Author(s):  
Parkpoom Siriarchavatana ◽  
Marlena C. Kruger ◽  
Matthew R. Miller ◽  
Hong (Sabrina) Tian ◽  
Frances M. Wolber
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Perna Canaliculus ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Ovx Rats

The prevalence of metabolic osteoarthritis has been increasing worldwide, particularly among women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the New Zealand greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus; GSM) on osteoarthritis (OA) prevention in a rat model. One-hundred-and-eight female rats aged 12 weeks were divided into four test groups, containing 24 rats each, plus an additional control group. Each test group received one of the four experimental diets: normal control diet (ND), normal control diet supplemented with GSM (ND + GSM), high fat/high sugar diet (HFHS), or high fat/high sugar diet supplemented GSM (HFHS + GSM), for 36 weeks (end of the study). After 8 weeks on experimental diets, half of each group was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and the remaining half received a sham operation (ovaries left intact). The study evaluated body composition, bone mass, plasma cytokines, adipokines, HbA1c, CTX-II, and knee joint’s histopathology. HFHS diet and OVX significantly induced body weight gain and leptin production. OVX rats lost bone mineral density but increased adiponectin, HbA1C, and MCP-1. The OVX rats fed HFHS showed the highest Mankin scores. Importantly, inclusion of GSM reduced these pathological features. In conclusion, GSM might be beneficial in halting the progression of OA.

scholarly journals Dietary soy isoflavones reduce pathogen-related mortality in growing pigs under porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viral challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke N Smith ◽  
Maci L Oelschlager ◽  
Muhammed Shameer Abdul Rasheed ◽  
Ryan N Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important disease, and ingestion of soy isoflavones (ISF) may benefit PRRSV-infected pigs due to demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. The objective of this experiment was to recreate immunological effects previously observed in young pigs infected with PRRSV receiving ISF and determine how those effects influence growth performance during the entire growth period from weaning to market. In total, 96 weaned barrows were group housed in a biosafety level-2 containment facility and allotted to 1 of 3 experimental treatments that were maintained throughout the study: noninfected pigs received an ISF-devoid control diet (NEG, n = 24), and infected pigs received either the control diet (POS, n = 36) or that supplemented with total ISF in excess of 1,600 mg/kg (ISF, n = 36). Following a 7-d adaptation, weanling pigs were inoculated intranasally with either a sham-control (PBS) or live PRRSV (1 × 105 TCID50/mL, strain NADC20). After inoculation, individual blood samples (n = 8 to 12/treatment) were routinely collected to monitor viral clearance and hematological parameters, including serum neutralizing anti-PRRSV antibody production. Pen-based oral fluids were used to monitor PRRSV clearance at later growth stages. A 1- or 2-way ANOVA was performed to compare experimental treatments depending on whether the outcome was repeatedly measured. In general, PRRSV infection decreased performance during early growth phases, resulting in 5.4% lower final BW for POS vs. NEG pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary ISF elicited inconsistent effects on growth performance, increased (P &lt; 0.05) neutrophil cell counts and the relative proportion of memory T-cells, and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the time to full PRRSV clearance from oral fluids. Dietary ISF also elicited earlier, more robust anti-PRRSV neutralizing antibody production when compared with POS pigs. Additionally, and most notably, POS pigs experienced ~50% greater infection-related mortality rate vs. ISF pigs (P &lt; 0.05), which may have significant economic implications for producers. Overall, dietary ISF ingestion supported immune responses and reduced mortality in PRRSV-infected pigs when fed to growing pigs though the biological mechanism of these effects remains unclear.

In vivo rat assay: bone remodeling and steroid effects on juvenile bone by pQCT quantification in 7 days

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. E70-E75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nansie A. McHugh ◽  
Haydee M. Vercesi ◽  
Robert W. Egan ◽  
John A. Hey
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Dose Selection ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Efficacy Assessment

Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley weanling rats were scanned for bone mineral density (BMD) values after 7 days of treatment to determine whether resorption/growth at the proximal tibia can be quantified by peripheral quantitative computed tomography scanning techniques. Because the weanling rat is in a rapid growth stage, all groups showed significant increases in change from baseline values of BMD. Bisphosphonate treatment produced significant dose-related changes in BMD with average increases of 195 and 241% (10 and 20 μg/kg) vs. 86% in control rats. We further characterized this model to determine effects of steroids on growing bone. Graded doses of glucocorticoid (3.5, 7.0, 10.5, 14.0, 28.0, and 42.0 mg · kg−1 · wk−1) caused no significant differences in trabecular BMD in 7 days between control and treated rats. Significant decreases in growth (weights) and increases in cortical bone area were observed, indicating that this model may be useful in comparing effects of nonsteroid, anti-inflammatory alternatives on juvenile bone. Although the relevance of this model to adult disease remains to be elucidated, it also provides a tool for mechanistic evaluation of therapeutic modalities or efficacy assessment for dose selection for longerterm models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document