scholarly journals Dietary n-3 PUFA content as a modulator of the femur properties in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-518
Author(s):  
Monika Sobol ◽  
Grzegorz Skiba ◽  
Stanisława Raj
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Pufa Ratio

AbstractThe relationships between both dietary and empty body fatty acid composition and the morphometry, densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur of growing pigs were analysed. A total of thirty-two pigs aged 115 d were divided into four groups (n 8 per group). The pigs were fed either a control diet (group C) or a diet supplemented with linseed oil (rich in α-linolenic acid (C18 : 3n-3), group L), fish oil (rich in EPA (C20 : 5n-3) and DHA (C22 : 6n-3), group F) and beef tallow (rich in SFA, group T). The diets differed in n-3 PUFA contents (0·63–18·52 g/kg) and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios (0·91–14·51). At 165 d of age, the pigs were slaughtered and the fatty acids in the empty body were determined. Moreover, the left femur was dissected. The cortical wall thickness, cross-sectional area, cortical index, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, maximum elastic strength and maximum strength were lower (P<0·05) in the femurs of pigs from groups C and T than in those from groups F and L. Significant positive correlations were found between the densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur and both dietary and empty body n-3 PUFA content, whereas significant negative correlations were observed between the same properties and both dietary and empty body n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. The results of the present study suggest that in growing pigs α-linolenic acid has a similar positive effect on bone health to that of EPA and DHA.

The effects of ovariectomy on bone mineral density, geometrical, and biomechanical characteristics in the rabbit femur

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Kara ◽  
F. Sevil
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tomographic Images ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Rabbit Femur

SummaryThe aim of the study was to evaluate the bone mineral density, as well as the biomechanic and morphometric changes in the femur of ovariectomised rabbits.Twenty-four six-month-old New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into an ovariectomy (n = 12) and a sham (n = 12) group. Six rabbits in each group were euthanatized at eight and 16 weeks after surgery, and the femora were resected. The morphometric data were obtained from tomographic images. Periosteal and endosteal diameters and cortical thickness were measured. Total cross-sectional, cortical and medullary areas were also measured. The bone mineral content, the bone area and the bone mineral density were measured from the proximal, distal and mid-shaft of the femur as well as the total femur by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Employing the three-point bending method, the ultimate force, stiffness and work-to-failure were measured. The mechanical data were normalised to obtain intrinsic biomechanical properties such as ultimate stress, elastic modulus, and toughness, all of which are independent of size and shape.The results indicated that the femur was both larger and weaker 16 weeks after surgery in the ovariectomised group. Results also suggest that the rabbit might be a useful animal model for investigation of diseases related to oestrogen loss such as human postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, additional studies with advanced techniques at several time points via in vivo animal studies, and precision and predictability analyses should be designed to standardise the rabbit as a model for osteoporosis.

CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN BONE MINERAL DENSITY DETERMINED BY RADIOGRAPHIC ABSORPTIOMETRY AND BONE RESISTANCE OF EQUINE THIRD METACARPAL BONE SUBMITTED TO BIOMECHANICAL TESTING

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250007
Author(s):  
Paulo J R Frazao ◽  
Rodrigo Crispim ◽  
Cesar A M Pereira ◽  
Mariana B Selim ◽  
Lara L Facó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Radiographic Absorptiometry ◽  
Study Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation

Knowledge about non-invasive methods for early diagnostics in equine orthopedic disorders is economically important and has been widely studied. In this study, bone mineral density determined by radiographic absorptiometry was correlated to bone resistance of the equine third metacarpal bone submitted to biomechanical testing. Thirty pairs of third metacarpal bone of adult horses were collected, dissected, radiographed, analyzed by the radiographic absorptiometry technique, and submitted to tomographic study and biomechanical testing. No significant linear correlation between radiographic bone density values and measured biomechanical properties was observed. Therefore, bone mineral density of the third metacarpal bone determined by radiographic absorptiometry does not predict bone capacity to resist compression and flexion loads. Further studies should be developed to establish which techniques are reliably capable of giving such predictive information.

scholarly journals Inulin supplementation reduces the negative effect of a high-fat diet rich in SFA on bone health of growing pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 1111-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Sobol ◽  
Stanisława Raj ◽  
Grzegorz Skiba
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractConsumption of a high-fat diet, rich in SFA, causes deterioration of bone properties. Some studies suggest that feeding inulin to animals may increase mineral absorption and positively affect bone quality; however, these studies have been carried out only on rodents fed a standard diet. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of inulin on bone health of pigs (using it as an animal model for humans) fed a high-fat diet rich in SFA, having an unbalanced ratio of lysine:metabolisable energy. It was hypothesised that inulin reduces the negative effects of such a diet on bone health. At 50 d of age, twenty-one pigs were randomly allotted to three groups: the control (C) group fed a standard diet, and two experimental (T and TI) groups fed a high-fat diet rich in SFA. Moreover, TI pigs consumed an extra inulin supply (7 % of daily feed intake). After 10 weeks, whole-body bone mineral content (P=0·0054) and bone mineral density (P=0·0322) were higher in pigs of groups TI and C compared with those of group T. Femur bone mineral density was highest in pigs in group C, lower in group TI and lowest in group T (P=0·001). Femurs of pigs in groups TI and C had similar, but higher, maximum strength compared with femurs of pigs in group T (P=0·0082). In conclusion, consumption of a high-fat diet rich in SFA adversely affected bone health, but inulin supplementation in such a diet diminishes this negative effect.

scholarly journals P707 Anti-TNFα therapy has no effect on bone mineral density in younger patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A single-centre observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S572-S572
Author(s):  
R Filip ◽  
S Jarmakiewicz - Czaja ◽  
D Piątek ◽  
J Sztembis ◽  
A Pękala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
T Score ◽  
Active Inflammation

Abstract Background Active inflammation negatively affects bone mineral density. Biological treatment, among others silences the excessive reaction of the immune system, which can also reduce the risk of osteoporosis. The aim of the study is to determine whether bone mineral density is higher in patients with biological therapy. Methods In total, 112 patients over 18 years of age with CD (Crohn’s Disease) or UC (Ulcerative colitis) were included in the study. The mean value age was 35 years. Patients who had received anti-TNFα therapy (biosimilar infliximab CT-P13 or adalimumab), and who underwent densitometric evaluation after two year treatment, were selected. Those who had never received anti-TNFα therapy were selected as controls. Information regarding age, sex, weight, duration of CD, use of glucocorticoids and bisphosphonates, and signs of disease activity at the time of densitometric measurement were collected. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) within femoral neck and lumbar spine. Results are reported as g/cm2 and presented either as Z-score or as a T-score. Results The study group has characterised a mean value BMI (Body Mass Index)—24. The group of patients with anti-TNFαα therapy showed an average T-score left femur −0.7744 (CD) and −0.4382 (UC), but without anti-TNFα therapy −0.6636 (CD) and −0.2208 (UC). The entire study group showed a mean value t-score left femur of −0.54286. There were no significant statistical differences between the examined groups and the effect of anti-TNFα therapy on BMI, T-score left femur, T-score L2–L4 Conclusion The results of the preliminary study assessing the effect of anti-TNFα therapy on bone mineral density among the two treatment groups (CD and UC) do not indicate significant differences after the introduction of such therapy

scholarly journals Effects of fructans-containing yacon (Smallanthus sonchifoliusPoepp & Endl.) flour on caecum mucosal morphometry, calcium and magnesium balance, and bone calcium retention in growing rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre R. Lobo ◽  
Célia Colli ◽  
Eliana P. Alvares ◽  
Tullia M. C. C. Filisetti
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Positive Effects

Yacon roots have been considered a functional food due to the high levels of fructans they contains. In the present study, Ca and Mg balance, bone mass and strength, and caecum mucosal morphometry were evaluated. Growing male Wistar rats (n24) were fedad libitumcontrol diets or diets supplemented with yacon flour (5 or 7·5 % fructooligosaccharides) for 27 d. Mineral balance was evaluated in three periods of 5 d (starting on the 4th, 10th and 16th days). After the rats were killled, the bones were removed and bone mineral density was measured. Ca analyses were performed on left femurs and tibias and biomechanical testing on right femurs. The caecum was removed and tissue samples were collected for histological analysis. Caecal histology changed noticeably in rats fed yacon flour: there was an increase in the depth and number of total and bifurcated crypts as well. Yacon flour consumption significantly (P < 0·05) resulted in a positive Ca and Mg balance, leading to higher values of bone mineral retention and biomechanical properties (peak load and stiffness) when compared to the control group. The positive effects on mineral intestinal absorption, bone mass and biomechanical properties showed an important role of yacon roots in the maintenance of healthy bones. The increased number of bifurcating crypts might be related to the higher mineral absorption caused by the enlargement of the absorbing surface in the large intestine of the animals.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of calcium and exercise on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseé Gala ◽  
Manuel Di´az-curiel ◽  
Concepcioó de la Piedra ◽  
Jesu´s Calero
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Ovx Rats

At the level of prevention of bone mineral loss produced by ovariectomy, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect produced by supplementation of Ca in the diet and a moderate exercise programme (treadmill), simultaneously or separately, in ovariectomized rats, an experimental model of postmenopausal bone loss. Female Wistar rats (n110, 15 weeks old) were divided into five groups: (1) OVX, rats ovariectomized at 15 weeks of age, fed a standard diet; (2) SHAM, rats sham operated at 15 weeks of age, fed a standard diet; (3) OVX–EX, ovariectomized rats, fed a standard diet and performing the established exercise programme; (4) OVX–Ca, ovariectomized rats fed a diet supplemented with Ca; (5) OVX–EXCa, ovariectomized rats with the exercise programme and diet supplemented with Ca. The different treatments were initiated 1 week after ovariectomy and were continued for 13 weeks for subgroup 1 and 28 weeks for subgroup 2, to look at the interaction of age and time passed from ovariectomy on the treatments. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined, at the end of the study, in the lumbar spine (L2, L3 and L4) and in the left femur using a densitometer. Bone turnover was also estimated at the end of the study, measuring the serum formation marker total alkaline phosphatase (AP) and the resorption marker serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). As expected, OVX rats showed a significant decrease (P<0·05) in BMD, more pronounced in subgroup 2, and a significant increase in AP and TRAP with regard to their respective SHAM group. The simultaneous treatment with Ca and exercise produced the best effects on lumbar and femoral BMD of ovariectomized rats, partially avoiding bone loss produced by ovariectomy, although it was not able to fully maintain BMD levels of intact animals. This combined treatment produced a significant increase in AP, both in subgroups 1 and 2, and a decrease in TRAP in subgroup 1, with regard to OVX group. The exercise treatment alone was able to produce an increase in BMD with regard to OVX group only in subgroup 1 of rats (younger animals and less time from ovariectomy), but not in subgroup 2. In agreement with this, there was an increase of AP in both subgroups, lower than that observed in animals submitted to exercise plus Ca supplement, and a decrease of TRAP in subgroup 1, without significant changes in this marker in the older rats. Ca treatment did not produce any significant effect on BMD in OVX rats in both subgroups of animals, showing a decrease of AP and TRAP levels in the younger animals with no significant variations in markers of bone remodelling in the older female rats compared with their respective OVX group.

scholarly journals Effects and Reversibility of Pre- and Post-natal Iron and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency, Alone and in Combination, on Bone Development in Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Strydom ◽  
Lizelle Zandberg ◽  
Erna T. Kemp ◽  
Philip vZ. Venter ◽  
Cornelius M. Smuts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency

Both iron and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids may play an important role in bone development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pre- and post-natal iron and n-3 fatty acid deficiency (FAD), alone and in combination, on bone development in rats, and to determine whether effects are reversible when a sufficient diet is provided post-weaning. Using a 2×2-factorial design, 56 female Wistar rats were allocated to one of four diets: (1) control, (2) iron deficient (ID), (3) n-3 FAD or (4) ID and n-3 FAD, and were maintained on the respective diets throughout gestation and lactation. At weaning (post-natal day [PND] 21), offspring (n = 24/group; male:female=1:1) were randomly allocated to either continue with their respective diets or to switch to the control diet until PND 42-45. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength were determined using dual X-ray absorptiometry and three-point bending tests, respectively. Pre- and post-natal ID resulted in significantly lower BMD in the spine and bone strength in the left femur. Both ID and n-3 FAD resulted in lower BMD in the right femur, with an additive reduction in the combined ID and n-3 FAD group vs. controls. While negative effects of pre- and post-natal ID alone were reversed in offspring switched to a control diet post-weaning, lower BMD and bone strength persisted in offspring with combined ID and n-3 FAD during the prenatal and early post-natal period. Effects were not sex-specific. These results indicate that ID during early life may negatively influence bone development, with potential additive effects of n-3 FAD. While the effects of ID alone seem reversible, a combined ID and n-3 FAD may result in irreversible deficits in bone development.

scholarly journals Evaluation of relationship between bone mineral density and fragility fracture in perimenopausal women between 40-58 years of age: a hospital based prospective observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Mozammil Pheroz ◽  
Rajesh K. Chopra ◽  
Benthungo Tungoe ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Bony Injury

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> At present the risk assessment for osteoporosis using low bone mineral density (BMD) is based on data obtained from elderly females, largely ≥ 65 years of age. The risk factors for low peak bone mass or accelerated bone loss that occurs during perimenopausal phase is ignored in this risk assessment. Osteoporosis is found to occur at a relatively younger age in the Indian population. Although lower BMD values have an established identity as a major risk factor for fractures in postmenopausal women, we endeavour to evaluate relationship between bone mineral density and fragility fracture in perimenopausal women.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 65 Patients were recruited for the study. After X-ray of involved part, patients were divided into cases (with fracture, n=33) and control (no bony injury, n=32). All patients underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Results of DEXA scans were evaluated in both the groups. BMD was expressed in g/cm<sup>2</sup>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 33 patients (50.77%) were diagnosed as fracture, 32(49.23%) had no bony injury. Threshold bone mineral density (BMD) for fragility fracture found out asfor L1, cut off ≤0.767. For L2, cut off ≤0.829. For L3, cut off ≤0.811. L4, cut off ≤0.798. For L1-L4, cut off ≤0.845. For left femur total hip, cut off ≤0.918. For left forearm-total, cut off ≤0.411. For right femur total hip-cut off ≤0.795. For right forearm-total, cut-off≤0.382.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Perimenopausal women having BMD below threshold for involved site are at risk of fragility fracture and should be given prophylactic treatment to improve bone mineral density.</p>

scholarly journals The Combination of Soy Isoflavones and Resveratrol Preserve Bone Mineral Density in Hindlimb-Unloaded Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2043
Author(s):  
Yuko Tousen ◽  
Ryota Ichimaru ◽  
Takashi Kondo ◽  
Masaki Inada ◽  
Chisato Miyaura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Expression Ratio ◽  
Positive Balance

It is well known that physical inactivity during space flight or prolonged bed rest causes rapid bone loss. Soy isoflavones (ISOs) and resveratrol (RES) have been reported to be useful to maintain a positive balance for bone turnover. Therefore, we examined the combined effects of ISO and RES on bone loss that was induced by hindlimb-unloading in mice. Female eight-week-old ddY mice were divided into the following six groups (n = 6–8 each): normally housed mice, loading mice, hindlimb-unloading (UL) mice fed a control diet, UL mice fed a 0.16% ISO conjugates, UL mice fed a 0.15% RES diet, and UL mice fed a 0.16% ISO and 0.15% RES diet. After three weeks, femoral bone mineral density was markedly decreased in unloading mice. The combination of ISO and RES prevented bone loss and especially maintained the trabecular bone mineral density more effectively compared with cortical bones. ISO and/or RES inhibited the increase in the RANKL/OPG expression ratio in bone marrow cells in UL mice. These results suggest that the combination of ISO and RES had a preventive effect against bone loss induced by hindlimb-unloading in mice. These osteoprotective effects of ISO and RES may result from the inhibition of bone resorption.

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