AtKATANIN1 Modulates Microtubule Depolymerization and Reorganization in Response to Salt Stress in Arabidopsis

The microtubule cytoskeleton is a dynamic system that plays vital roles in fundamental cellular processes and in responses to environmental stumili. Salt stress induced depolymerization and reorganization of microtubules are believed to function in the promotion of survival in Arabidopsis. Microtubule-severing enzyme ATKATANIN1 (AtKTN1) is recognized as a MAP that help to maintain organized microtubule structure. To date, whether AtKTN1 is involved in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis remains unknown. Here, our phenotypic analysis showed that the overexpression of AtKTN1 decreased tolerance to salt stress, whereas the knock-out of AtKTN1 increased salt tolerance in the early stage but decreased salt tolerance in the later stage. Microscopic analysis revealed that microtubule organization and dynamics are distorted in both overexpression and mutant cells which, in turn, resulted in an abnormal disassembly and reorganization under salt stress. Moreover, qRT analysis revealed that stress-responsive genes were down-regulated in overexpression and mutant cells compared to WT cells under salt stress. Taken together, our results indicated roles of AtKTN1 in modulating microtubule organization, salt-stress induced microtubule disruption and recovery, and its involvement in stress-related signaling pathways.

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Na+ Transporter SvHKT1;1 from a Halophytic Turf Grass Is Specifically Upregulated by High Na+ Concentration and Regulates Shoot Na+ Concentration

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21176100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (17) ◽

pp. 6100

Author(s):

Yuki Kawakami ◽

Shahin Imran ◽

Maki Katsuhara ◽

Yuichi Tada

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Early Stage ◽

Constitutive Expression ◽

Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽

Na Transport ◽

Turf Grass ◽

Defective Mutant ◽

Reduced Salt ◽

Na Uptake

We characterized an Na+ transporter SvHKT1;1 from a halophytic turf grass, Sporobolus virginicus. SvHKT1;1 mediated inward and outward Na+ transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes and did not complement K+ transporter-defective mutant yeast. SvHKT1;1 did not complement athkt1;1 mutant Arabidopsis, suggesting its distinguishable function from other typical HKT1 transporters. The transcript was abundant in the shoots compared with the roots in S. virginicus and was upregulated by severe salt stress (500 mM NaCl), but not by lower stress. SvHKT1;1-expressing Arabidopsis lines showed higher shoot Na+ concentrations and lower salt tolerance than wild type (WT) plants under nonstress and salt stress conditions and showed higher Na+ uptake rate in roots at the early stage of salt treatment. These results suggested that constitutive expression of SvHKT1;1 enhanced Na+ uptake in root epidermal cells, followed by increased Na+ transport to shoots, which led to reduced salt tolerance. However, Na+ concentrations in phloem sap of the SvHKT1;1 lines were higher than those in WT plants under salt stress. Based on this result, together with the induction of the SvHKT1;1 transcription under high salinity stress, it was suggested that SvHKT1;1 plays a role in preventing excess shoot Na+ accumulation in S. virginicus.

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Comparative transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal molecular mechanisms underlying OsDRAP1-mediated salt tolerance in rice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84638-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yinxiao Wang ◽

Liyu Huang ◽

Fengping Du ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Xiuqin Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Glyceric Acid ◽

Metabolome Analysis ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Metabolomics Data ◽

Metabolome Profiling

AbstractIntegration of transcriptomics and metabolomics data can provide detailed information for better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in rice. In the present study, we report a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of rice overexpressing the OsDRAP1 gene, which encodes an ERF transcription factor and was previously identified to be conferring drought tolerance. Phenotypic analysis showed that OsDRAP1 overexpression (OE) improved salt tolerance by increasing the survival rate under salt stress. OsDRAP1 affected the physiological indices such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) to enhance redox homeostasis and membrane stability in response to salt stress. Higher basal expression of OsDRAP1 resulted in differential expression of genes that potentially function in intrinsic salt tolerance. A core set of genes with distinct functions in transcriptional regulation, organelle gene expression and ion transport were substantially up-regulated in the OE line in response to salt stress, implying their important role in OsDRAP1-mediated salt tolerance. Correspondingly, metabolome profiling detected a number of differentially metabolites in the OE line relative to the wild type under salt stress. These metabolites, including amino acids (proline, valine), organic acids (glyceric acid, phosphoenolpyruvic acid and ascorbic acid) and many secondary metabolites, accumulated to higher levels in the OE line, demonstrating their role in salt tolerance. Integration of transcriptome and metabolome analysis highlights the crucial role of amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism pathways in OsDRAP1-mediated salt tolerance.

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Ascorbic Acid Modulation by ABI4 Transcriptional Repression of VTC2 in The Salt Tolerance of Arabidopsis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-116368/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiamusiya Kakan ◽

Yanwen Yu ◽

Shenghui Li ◽

Xiaoying Li ◽

Rongfeng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Transcriptional Repression ◽

Early Stage ◽

Stress Sensitivity ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Plant Salt Tolerance

Abstract Background:Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant abiotic stress responses, and ABA INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) is a pivotal transcription factor in the ABA signaling pathway. In Arabidopsis, ABI4 negatively regulates salt tolerance; however, the mechanism through which ABI4 regulates plant salt tolerance is poorly understood. Our previous study showed that ABI4 directly binds to the promoter of the VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE 2 (VTC2) gene, inhibiting the transcription of VTC2 and ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis.Results: In the present study, we found that treatment with exogenous AsA could alleviate salt stress sensitivity of ABI4-overexpressing transgenic plants. The decreased AsA content and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in ABI4-overexpressing seedlings under salt treatment indicated that AsA-promoted ROS scavenging was related to ABI4-mediated salt tolerance. Gene expression analysis showed that ABI4 was induced at the early stage of salt stress, giving rise to reduced VTC2 expression. Accordingly, the abundance of the VTC2 protein decreased under the same salt stress conditions, and was absent in the ABI4 loss-of-function mutants, suggesting that the transcriptional inhibition of ABI4 on VTC2 resulted in the attenuation of VTC2 function. In addition, other encoding genes in the AsA biosynthesis and recycling pathways showed different responses to salt stress, demonstrating that AsA homeostasis is complicated under salinity stress. Conclusions: This study elucidates the negative modulation of ABI4 in salt stress tolerance through the regulation of AsA biosynthesis and ROS accumulation in plants.

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Overexpression of PeHKT1;1 Improves Salt Tolerance in Populus

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes9100475 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 475 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Meng Xu ◽

Caihui Chen ◽

Heng Cai ◽

Ling Wu

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Populus Trichocarpa ◽

Hybrid Poplar ◽

Soil Salinization ◽

Class I ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Reading Frame

Soil salinization is an increasingly serious threat that limits plant growth and development. Class I transporters of the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) family have been demonstrated to be involved in salt tolerance by contributing to Na+ exclusion from roots and shoots. Here, we isolated the PeHKT1;1 gene from hybrid poplar based on the sequences of the Populus trichocarpa genome. The full-length PeHKT1;1 gene was 2173 bp, including a 1608 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 535 amino acids and containing eight distinct transmembrane domains. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the PeHKT1;1 protein had a typical S–G–G–G signature for the P-loop domains and belonged to class I of HKT transporters. PeHKT1;1 transcripts were mainly detected in stem and root, and were remarkably induced by salt stress treatment. In further characterization of its functions, overexpression of PeHKT1;1 in Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana resulted in a better relative growth rate in phenotypic analysis, including root and plant height, and exhibited higher catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than non-transgenic poplar under salt stress conditions. These observations indicated that PeHKT1;1 may enhance salt tolerance by improving the efficiency of antioxidant systems. Together, these data suggest that PeHKT1;1 plays an important role in response to salt stress in Populus.

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Ascorbic acid modulation by ABI4 transcriptional repression of VTC2 in the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02882-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiamusiya Kakan ◽

Yanwen Yu ◽

Shenghui Li ◽

Xiaoying Li ◽

Rongfeng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Transcriptional Repression ◽

Early Stage ◽

Stress Sensitivity ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Plant Salt Tolerance

Abstract Background Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant abiotic stress responses, and ABA INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) is a pivotal transcription factor in the ABA signaling pathway. In Arabidopsis, ABI4 negatively regulates salt tolerance; however, the mechanism through which ABI4 regulates plant salt tolerance is poorly understood. Our previous study showed that ABI4 directly binds to the promoter of the VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE 2 (VTC2) gene, inhibiting the transcription of VTC2 and ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis. Results In the present study, we found that treatment with exogenous AsA could alleviate salt stress sensitivity of ABI4-overexpressing transgenic plants. The decreased AsA content and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in ABI4-overexpressing seedlings under salt treatment indicated that AsA-promoted ROS scavenging was related to ABI4-mediated salt tolerance. Gene expression analysis showed that ABI4 was induced at the early stage of salt stress, giving rise to reduced VTC2 expression. Accordingly, the abundance of the VTC2 protein decreased under the same salt stress conditions, and was absent in the ABI4 loss-of-function mutants, suggesting that the transcriptional inhibition of ABI4 on VTC2 resulted in the attenuation of VTC2 function. In addition, other encoding genes in the AsA biosynthesis and recycling pathways showed different responses to salt stress, demonstrating that AsA homeostasis is complicated under salinity stress. Conclusions This study elucidates the negative modulation of ABI4 in salt stress tolerance through the regulation of AsA biosynthesis and ROS accumulation in plants.

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Salt tolerance of Glycyrrhiza inflata seedlings in Xinjiang and its ion response to salt stress

Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1258.2013.00088 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 839-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jia-Hui LU ◽

Xin LÜ ◽

Yong-Chao LIANG ◽

Hai-Rong LIN

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Glycyrrhiza Inflata

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Genetic Potential for Salt Tolerance During Germination in Lycopersicon Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.2.296 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 296-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

M.R. Foolad ◽

G.Y. Lin

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Wild Accession ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Plant Introductions ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Stress Levels

Seed of 42 wild accessions (Plant Introductions) of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl., 11 cultigens (cultivated accessions) of L. esculentum Mill., and three control genotypes [LA716 (a salt-tolerant wild accession of L. pennellii Corr.), PI 174263 (a salt-tolerant cultigen), and UCT5 (a salt-sensitive breeding line)] were evaluated for germination in either 0 mm (control) or 100 mm synthetic sea salt (SSS, Na+/Ca2+ molar ratio equal to 5). Germination time increased in response to salt-stress in all genotypes, however, genotypic variation was observed. One accession of L. pimpinellifolium, LA1578, germinated as rapidly as LA716, and both germinated more rapidly than any other genotype under salt-stress. Ten accessions of L. pimpinellifolium germinated more rapidly than PI 174263 and 35 accessions germinated more rapidly than UCT5 under salt-stress. The results indicate a strong genetic potential for salt tolerance during germination within L. pimpinellifolium. Across genotypes, germination under salt-stress was positively correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) with germination in the control treatment. The stability of germination response at diverse salt-stress levels was determined by evaluating germination of a subset of wild, cultivated accessions and the three control genotypes at 75, 150, and 200 mm SSS. Seeds that germinated rapidly at 75 mm also germinated rapidly at 150 mm salt. A strong correlation (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) existed between the speed of germination at these two salt-stress levels. At 200 mm salt, most accessions (76%) did not reach 50% germination by 38 days, demonstrating limited genetic potential within Lycopersicon for salt tolerance during germination at this high salinity.

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Characterization of Interactions between the Soybean Salt-Stress Responsive Membrane-Intrinsic Proteins GmPIP1 and GmPIP2

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1312

Author(s):

Jia Liu ◽

Weicong Qi ◽

Haiying Lu ◽

Hongbo Shao ◽

Dayong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Early Gene ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Constitutive Overexpression ◽

Important Trait

Salt tolerance is an important trait in soybean cultivation and breeding. Plant responses to salt stress include physiological and biochemical changes that affect the movement of water across the plasma membrane. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) localize to the plasma membrane and regulate the water and solutes flow. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR and yeast two-hybridization were engaged to analyze the early gene expression profiles and interactions of a set of soybean PIPs (GmPIPs) in response to salt stress. A total of 20 GmPIPs-encoding genes had varied expression profiles after salt stress. Among them, 13 genes exhibited a downregulated expression pattern, including GmPIP1;6, the constitutive overexpression of which could improve soybean salt tolerance, and its close homologs GmPIP1;7 and 1;5. Three genes showed upregulated patterns, including the GmPIP1;6 close homolog GmPIP1;4, when four genes with earlier increased and then decreased expression patterns. GmPIP1;5 and GmPIP1;6 could both physically interact strongly with GmPIP2;2, GmPIP2;4, GmPIP2;6, GmPIP2;8, GmPIP2;9, GmPIP2;11, and GmPIP2;13. Definite interactions between GmPIP1;6 and GmPIP1;7 were detected and GmPIP2;9 performed homo-interaction. The interactions of GmPIP1;5 with GmPIP2;11 and 2;13, GmPIP1;6 with GmPIP2;9, 2;11 and GmPIP2;13, and GmPIP2;9 with itself were strengthened upon salt stress rather than osmotic stress. Taken together, we inferred that GmPIP1 type and GmPIP2 type could associate with each other to synergistically function in the plant cell; a salt-stress environment could promote part of their interactions. This result provided new clues to further understand the soybean PIP–isoform interactions, which lead to potentially functional homo- and heterotetramers for salt tolerance.

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Comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveal metabolic mechanisms of Nitraria sibirica Pall. to salt stress

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92317-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Huanyong Li ◽

Xiaoqian Tang ◽

Xiuyan Yang ◽

Huaxin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Amino Acid Metabolism ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Sulfur Metabolism ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Extracellular Region ◽

Nitraria Sibirica

AbstractNitraria sibirica Pall., a typical halophyte that can survive under extreme drought conditions and in saline-alkali environments, exhibits strong salt tolerance and environmental adaptability. Understanding the mechanism of molecular and physiological metabolic response to salt stress of plant will better promote the cultivation and use of halophytes. To explore the mechanism of molecular and physiological metabolic of N. sibirica response to salt stress, two-month-old seedlings were treated with 0, 100, and 400 mM NaCl. The results showed that the differentially expressed genes between 100 and 400 mmol L−1 NaCl and unsalted treatment showed significant enrichment in GO terms such as binding, cell wall, extemal encapsulating structure, extracellular region and nucleotide binding. KEGG enrichment analysis found that NaCl treatment had a significant effect on the metabolic pathways in N. sibirica leaves, which mainly including plant-pathogen interaction, amino acid metabolism of the beta alanine, arginine, proline and glycine metabolism, carbon metabolism of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and spliceosome. Metabolomics analysis found that the differential metabolites between the unsalted treatment and the NaCl treatment are mainly amino acids (proline, aspartic acid, methionine, etc.), organic acids (oxaloacetic acid, fumaric acid, nicotinic acid, etc.) and polyhydric alcohols (inositol, ribitol, etc.), etc. KEGG annotation and enrichment analysis showed that 100 mmol L−1 NaCl treatment had a greater effect on the sulfur metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism in N. sibirica leaves, while various amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, photosynthetic carbon fixation and sulfur metabolism and other metabolic pathways have been significantly affected by 400 mmol L−1 NaCl treatment. Correlation analysis of differential genes in transcriptome and differential metabolites in metabolome have found that the genes of AMY2, BAM1, GPAT3, ASP1, CML38 and RPL4 and the metabolites of L-cysteine, proline, 4-aminobutyric acid and oxaloacetate played an important role in N. sibirica salt tolerance control. This is a further improvement of the salt tolerance mechanism of N. sibirica, and it will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for treatment of saline-alkali soil and the cultivation of halophytes.

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OsNAC45 is Involved in ABA Response and Salt Tolerance in Rice

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-020-00440-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiang Zhang ◽

Yan Long ◽

Jingjing Huang ◽

Jixing Xia

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Root Cells ◽

Nac Transcription Factors ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Plant Stress Responses

Abstract Background Salt stress threatens crop yields all over the world. Many NAC transcription factors have been reported to be involved in different abiotic stress responses, but it remains unclear how loss of these transcription factors alters the transcriptomes of plants. Previous reports have demonstrated that overexpression of OsNAC45 enhances salt and drought tolerance in rice, and that OsNAC45 may regulate the expression of two specific genes, OsPM1 and OsLEA3–1. Results Here, we found that ABA repressed, and NaCl promoted, the expression of OsNAC45 in roots. Immunostaining showed that OsNAC45 was localized in all root cells and was mainly expressed in the stele. Loss of OsNAC45 decreased the sensitivity of rice plants to ABA and over-expressing this gene had the opposite effect, which demonstrated that OsNAC45 played an important role during ABA signal responses. Knockout of OsNAC45 also resulted in more ROS accumulation in roots and increased sensitivity of rice to salt stress. Transcriptome sequencing assay found that thousands of genes were differently expressed in OsNAC45-knockout plants. Most of the down-regulated genes participated in plant stress responses. Quantitative real time RT-PCR suggested that seven genes may be regulated by OsNAC45 including OsCYP89G1, OsDREB1F, OsEREBP2, OsERF104, OsPM1, OsSAMDC2, and OsSIK1. Conclusions These results indicate that OsNAC45 plays vital roles in ABA signal responses and salt tolerance in rice. Further characterization of this gene may help us understand ABA signal pathway and breed rice plants that are more tolerant to salt stress.

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