scholarly journals Nanoplastics Cause Neurobehavioral Impairments, Reproductive and Oxidative Damages, and Biomarker Responses in Zebrafish: Throwing up Alarms of Wide Spread Health Risk of Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeja Sarasamma ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Petrus Siregar ◽  
Nemi Malhotra ◽  
Yu-Heng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Locomotion Activity

Plastic pollution is a growing global emergency and it could serve as a geological indicator of the Anthropocene era. Microplastics are potentially more hazardous than macroplastics, as the former can permeate biological membranes. The toxicity of microplastic exposure on humans and aquatic organisms has been documented, but the toxicity and behavioral changes of nanoplastics (NPs) in mammals are scarce. In spite of their small size, nanoplastics have an enormous surface area, which bears the potential to bind even bigger amounts of toxic compounds in comparison to microplastics. Here, we used polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) (diameter size at ~70 nm) to investigate the neurobehavioral alterations, tissue distribution, accumulation, and specific health risk of nanoplastics in adult zebrafish. The results demonstrated that PS-NPs accumulated in gonads, intestine, liver, and brain with a tissue distribution pattern that was greatly dependent on the size and shape of the NPs particle. Importantly, an analysis of multiple behavior endpoints and different biochemical biomarkers evidenced that PS-NPs exposure induced disturbance of lipid and energy metabolism as well as oxidative stress and tissue accumulation. Pronounced behavior alterations in their locomotion activity, aggressiveness, shoal formation, and predator avoidance behavior were exhibited by the high concentration of the PS-NPs group, along with the dysregulated circadian rhythm locomotion activity after its chronic exposure. Moreover, several important neurotransmitter biomarkers for neurotoxicity investigation were significantly altered after one week of PS-NPs exposure and these significant changes may indicate the potential toxicity from PS-NPs exposure. In addition, after ~1-month incubation, the fluorescence spectroscopy results revealed the accumulation and distribution of PS-NPs across zebrafish tissues, especially in gonads, which would possibly further affect fish reproductive function. Overall, our results provided new evidence for the adverse consequences of PS-NPs-induced behavioral dysregulation and changes at the molecular level that eventually reduce the survival fitness of zebrafish in the ecosystem.

Occurrences of Giardia cysts in beach water

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. W. Ho ◽  
T.-Y Tam
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beach Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

A total of 64 beach water samples with various bacteriological quality (Grades 1 to 4) were analysed for their bacteriological and parasitological contents (E coli and Giardia cysts respectively). Results indicated that Giardia cysts were detected in less than 10% of the Grade 1 beach water samples with E coli concentrations of <24/100mL. For Grades 2, 3 & 4 beach water samples, Giardia cysts were found, respectively, in 85, 50 and 64% of the samples. Except for one beach water sample which had an unusually high concentration of Giardia cysts (23 cysts/L), they were generally present at moderate concentrations (<10 cysts/L) in all other beach water samples. Despite moderate levels of Giardia cysts present in beach water of different grades, the potential health risk faced by swimmers bathing in local beach water needs to be carefully assessed as Giardia is known to have a low infectious dose.

scholarly journals Plastic Pollution from Ships

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Čulin ◽  
Toni Bielić
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Risk Monitoring

The environmental impact of shipping on marine environment includes discharge of garbage. Plastic litter is of particular concern due to abundance, resistance to degradation and detrimental effect on marine biota. According to recently published studies, a further research is required to assess human health risk. Monitoring data indicate that despite banning plastic disposal at sea, shipping is still a source of plastic pollution. Some of the measures to combat the problem are discussed.

Tissue distribution, bioaccumulation characteristics and health risk of antibiotics in cultured fish from a typical aquaculture area

2018 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Xiang-Rong Xu ◽  
Zeng-Hui Diao ◽  
Kai-Feng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Aquaculture Area

scholarly journals The Usefulness of Retinoic Acid Supplementation during in Vitro Oocyte Maturation for the in Vitro Embryo Production of Livestock: A Review

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelnour ◽  
El-Hack ◽  
Swelum ◽  
Saadeldin ◽  
Noreldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Oxidative Damages

Retinoic acid (RA) is an indigenous metabolite and descriptive physiologically functioning constituent of vitamin A. Retinoids were documented as vital regulators for cell development and distinction, embryonic growth, and reproductive function in both male and female livestock. Previously, RA has been shown to have several positive impacts in vivo and in vitro and critically control many reproductive events, such as oocyte development, follicular growth, and early embryonic growth. In addition, RA manages apoptotic signaling and oxidative damages in cells. Recently, RA has been used widely in assisted reproductive technology fields, especially during in vitro embryo development in various mammalian species, including buffaloes, bovine, goats, sheep, pigs, and rabbits. However, the optimum concentration of RA greatly differs based on the condition of maturation media and species. Based on the obtained findings, it was generally accepted that RA enhances nuclear oocyte maturation, cleavage and maturation rates, blastocyst formation, and embryo development. As such, it possesses antioxidant properties against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an anti-apoptotic effect through enhancing the transcription of some related genes such as superoxide dismutase, prostaglandin synthase, glutathione peroxidase, peroxiredoxins, and heme oxygenase. Therefore, the current review concludes that an addition of RA (up to 50 nM) has the potential to improve the oocyte maturation media of various species of livestock due to its antioxidant activity.

Health Risk Assessment of Professional Operating Personnel in Methanol Wastewater Reinjection Stratigraphic Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2617-2620
Author(s):  
Xiao Rong Ren ◽  
Zhong Lun Ji ◽  
Jian Ke Ren ◽  
Peng Kang Jin ◽  
Dong He
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Methanol Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Stimulation Method

Based on the high concentration of methanol wastewater in the process of natural gas exploitation in Shan Bei gas field, considering the blank of no methanol concentration controlling in our industrial wastewater reinjection stratigraphic standard, is conducted investigation on the concentration of methanol wastewater reinjection stratigraphic in Shan Bei gas field. According to the sampling analysis of the locale methanol wastewater, the methanol concentration in the air of reinjection operating room is determined by GC-MS method as 420mg/m3 , the methanol concentration of wastewater is 51670 mg/L. Using the risk assessment principle, adopting the probability statistical method and Monte-Carlo stimulation method, health risk assessment is conducted for operators, aiming at the process of methanol wastewater reinjection formation of this concentration, then the result shows that the methanol wastewater of this concentration will cause unacceptable health risk for operating personnel, the life time health risk is 1.93E-04, the average annual health risk is 2.75E-06. Considering methanol dose on both exposure and reference basis for humans, combining the corresponding risk representation models, and the permissible discharging concentration of methanol wastewater which dose not cause health risk for operating personnel during reinjection stratigraphic process is proposed, this concentration can be determined as the limit value for methanol wastewater reinjection stratigraphic to provide a reference for methanol wastewater discharge standards domestically as well.

Effects of a pharmaceutical mixture at environmentally relevant concentrations on the amphipod Gammarus fossarum

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Dietrich ◽  
Shana Dammel ◽  
Florian Ploessl ◽  
Franz Bracher ◽  
Christian Laforsch
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gammarus Fossarum ◽  
Drug Mixture ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Complex Drug

The continuous discharge of pharmaceuticals into the environment results in the chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to complex drug mixtures. We examined the influence of a mixture of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DIC), metoprolol (MET) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) at environmentally relevant (‘env’) and artificially high (‘high’) concentrations on Gammarus fossarum. Different sublethal responses such as moulting, reproduction and the content of the energy-storage component glycogen were analysed. The drug mixture influenced the moulting behaviour of gammarids at both the ‘env’ and ‘high’ concentration levels, leading to a discontinuous increase of body length in successive moults, compared with the constant increase of body length in the control treatment. Moreover, the time between successive moults of animals exposed to the ‘env’ and ‘high’ pharmaceutical concentrations was decreased because of shortened intermoult periods. We observed no significant impact of the pharmaceuticals on reproduction. In addition, the content of glycogen was not significantly affected by the drug mixture. Permanent exposure of G. fossarum to a wider range of pharmaceuticals in natural aquatic systems may influence moulting behaviour and accompanied life-history parameters, followed by severe ecological consequences as gammarids play an important role in many freshwater ecosystems of the northern hemisphere.

scholarly journals Effect of cadmium on glycogen content in muscle, liver, gill and kidney tissues of freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-580
Author(s):  
Seema Tewari ◽  
Sandeep Bajpai ◽  
Madhu Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Channa Punctatus ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Low Concentration

Aquatic environment gets polluted by heavy metals because of their environmental persistence and ability to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. Cadmium is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal, biologically non-essential element, it is not biodegradable and has a very long biological half-life. The aim of the present study was to assess the glycogen content in muscle, liver,  gill and kidney of Channa punctatus exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium chloride after 4, 7, 15 and 30 days of exposure. The results clearly showed significant decrease in the glycogen levels in the experimental fish C. punctatus. Decrease in muscle glycogen was found highly significant (P<0.001) after 30 days in both low concentration (36.823 mg/L) 6.12±0.41mg/g and in high concentration (73.646 mg/L) 4.04±0.32 mg/g in comparison to control. Decrease in liver glycogen content was found highly significant (P<0.001) after 30 days in high concentration 9.12±0.49 mg/g when compared with control. The decrease in gill glycogen content after 30 days exposure was found highly significant (P<0.001) 1.36±0.13 mg/g in low concentration and in high concentration 0.79±0.25 mg/g in comparison to control. Decrease in kidney glycogen content was found highly significant (P< 0.001) at 30 days in low concentration 3.92±0.05 mg/g  and in high concentration 2.81±0.20 mg/g  in comparison to control. The influence of toxicant cadmium chloride in selected tissues of fish was taken into account in evaluating fish response against stressor. Hence, we can use glycogen content as biomarker of cadmium stress in fish.

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