scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus Is a Chronic Disease that Can Benefit from Therapy with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8685
Author(s):  
Felipe Arroyave ◽  
Diana Montaño ◽  
Fernando Lizcano
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Cells ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, with an increasing incidence worldwide. The impact of DM on public health in developing countries has triggered alarm due to the exaggerated costs of the treatment and monitoring of patients with this disease. Considerable efforts have been made to try to prevent the onset and reduce the complications of DM. However, because insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells progressively deteriorate, many people must receive insulin through subcutaneous injection. Additionally, current therapies do not have consistent results regarding the prevention of chronic complications. Leveraging the approval of real-time continuous glucose monitors and sophisticated algorithms that partially automate insulin infusion pumps has improved glycemic control, decreasing the burden of diabetes management. However, these advances are facing physiologic barriers. New findings in molecular and cellular biology have produced an extraordinary advancement in tissue development for the treatment of DM. Obtaining pancreatic β-cells from somatic cells is a great resource that currently exists for patients with DM. Although this therapeutic option has great prospects for patients, some challenges remain for this therapeutic plan to be used clinically. The purpose of this review is to describe the new techniques in cell biology and regenerative medicine as possible treatments for DM. In particular, this review highlights the origin of induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) and how they have begun to emerge as a regenerative treatment that may mitigate the pathology of this disease.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Milk-Derived Exosomes and Galactose on α-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Bodo C. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
The Brain

Epidemiological studies associate milk consumption with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). PD is an α-synucleinopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, deficient lysosomal clearance of α-synuclein (α-syn) and aggregation of misfolded α-syn. In T2D, α-syn promotes co-aggregation with islet amyloid polypeptide in pancreatic β-cells. Prion-like vagal nerve-mediated propagation of exosomal α-syn from the gut to the brain and pancreatic islets apparently link both pathologies. Exosomes are critical transmitters of α-syn from cell to cell especially under conditions of compromised autophagy. This review provides translational evidence that milk exosomes (MEX) disturb α-syn homeostasis. MEX are taken up by intestinal epithelial cells and accumulate in the brain after oral administration to mice. The potential uptake of MEX miRNA-148a and miRNA-21 by enteroendocrine cells in the gut, dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and pancreatic β-cells may enhance miRNA-148a/DNMT1-dependent overexpression of α-syn and impair miRNA-148a/PPARGC1A- and miRNA-21/LAMP2A-dependent autophagy driving both diseases. MiRNA-148a- and galactose-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress activate c-Abl-mediated aggregation of α-syn which is exported by exosome release. Via the vagal nerve and/or systemic exosomes, toxic α-syn may spread to dopaminergic neurons and pancreatic β-cells linking the pathogenesis of PD and T2D.

scholarly journals Impact of an Advanced Practice Pharmacist Type 2 Diabetes Management Program: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jelena Lewis ◽  
Tiffany Nguyen ◽  
Hana Althobaiti ◽  
Mona Alsheikh ◽  
Brad Borsari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Dose Increase ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of an Advanced Practice Pharmacist (APh) on lowering hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes within a patient centered medical home (PCMH) and to classify the types of therapeutic decisions made by the APh. Methods: This was a retrospective study using data from electronic health records. The study evaluated a partnership between Chapman University School of Pharmacy and Providence St. Joseph Heritage Healthcare that provided diabetes management by an Advanced Practice Pharmacist in a PCMH under a collaborative practice agreement. Change in the HbA1c was the primary endpoint assessed in this study. The type of therapeutic decisions made by the APh were also evaluated. Descriptive analysis and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze data. Results: The study included 35 patients with diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus managed by an APh from May 2017 to December 2017. Most of the patients were 60-79 years old (68.5%), 45.7% were female, and 45.7% were of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. The average HbA1c was 8.8%±1.4% (range=6.0%-12.4%) and 7.5%±1.4% (range=5.5%-12.4%) at the initial and final APh visit, respectively (p<0.0001). Therapeutic decisions made by the APh included drug dose increase (35.5% of visits), drug added (16.4%), drug dose decrease (6.4%), drug switch (5.5%), and drug discontinuation (1.8%). Conclusion: The Advanced Practice Pharmacist’s interventions had a significant positive impact on lowering HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a PCMH. The most common therapeutic decisions made by the APh included drug dose increase and adding a new drug.   Article Type: Pharmacy Practice

scholarly journals Teucrium polium: Potential Drug Source for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Yaser Albadr ◽  
Andrew Crowe ◽  
Rima Caccetta
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Teucrium Polium

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising globally and this disease is proposed to be the next pandemic after COVID-19. Although the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown, it is believed to involve a complex array of genetic defects that affect metabolic pathways which eventually lead to hyperglycaemia. This hyperglycaemia arises from an inability of the insulin-sensitive cells to sufficiently respond to the secreted insulin, which eventually results in the inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. Several treatments, utilising a variety of mechanisms, are available for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, more medications are needed to assist with the optimal management of the different stages of the disease in patients of varying ages with the diverse combinations of other medications co-administered. Throughout modern history, some lead constituents from ancient medicinal plants have been investigated extensively and helped in developing synthetic antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin. Teucrium polium L. (Tp) is a herb that has a folk reputation for its antidiabetic potential. Previous studies indicate that Tp extracts significantly decrease blood glucose levels r and induce insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in vitro. Nonetheless, the constituent/s responsible for this action have not yet been elucidated. The effects appear to be, at least in part, attributable to the presence of selected flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, and rutin). This review aims to examine the reported glucose-lowering effect of the herb, with a keen focus on insulin secretion, specifically related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. An analysis of the contribution of the key constituent flavonoids of Tp extracts will also be discussed.

scholarly journals G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist DS-8500a effects on pancreatic β-cells in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Watada ◽  
Masanari Shiramoto ◽  
Shin Irie ◽  
Yasuo Terauchi ◽  
Yuichiro Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
G Protein ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
G Protein Coupled

scholarly journals Treatment with Mammalian Ste-20-like Kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) Inhibitor XMU-MP-1 Improves Glucose Tolerance in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mice

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4381
Author(s):  
Zakiyatul Faizah ◽  
Bella Amanda ◽  
Faisal Yusuf Ashari ◽  
Efta Triastuti ◽  
Rebecca Oxtoby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Type 1 Dm

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major causes of death in the world. There are two types of DM—type 1 DM and type 2 DM. Type 1 DM can only be treated by insulin injection whereas type 2 DM is commonly treated using anti-hyperglycemic agents. Despite its effectiveness in controlling blood glucose level, this therapeutic approach is not able to reduce the decline in the number of functional pancreatic β cells. MST1 is a strong pro-apoptotic kinase that is expressed in pancreatic β cells. It induces β cell death and impairs insulin secretion. Recently, a potent and specific inhibitor for MST1, called XMU-MP-1, was identified and characterized. We hypothesized that treatment with XMU-MP-1 would produce beneficial effects by improving the survival and function of the pancreatic β cells. We used INS-1 cells and STZ-induced diabetic mice as in vitro and in vivo models to test the effect of XMU-MP-1 treatment. We found that XMU-MP-1 inhibited MST1/2 activity in INS-1 cells. Moreover, treatment with XMU-MP-1 produced a beneficial effect in improving glucose tolerance in the STZ-induced diabetic mouse model. Histological analysis indicated that XMU-MP-1 increased the number of pancreatic β cells and enhanced Langerhans islet area in the severe diabetic mice. Overall, this study showed that MST1 could become a promising therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The structural and functional recovery of pancreatic β-cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus induced mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widagdo Sri Nugroho ◽  
Dwi Liliek Kusindarta ◽  
Heru Susetya ◽  
Ida Fitriana ◽  
Guntari Titik Mulyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Cell Conditioned Medium

scholarly journals Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Liver Diseases: State of the Art and New Perspectives

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chiara Piscaglia ◽  
Mariachiara Campanale ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
Giovanni Gasbarrini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Cells ◽  
Liver Repopulation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
End Stage

Millions of patients worldwide suffer from end-stage liver pathologies, whose only curative therapy is liver transplantation (OLT). Given the donor organ shortage, alternatives to OLT have been evaluated, including cell therapies. Hepatocyte transplantation has been attempted to cure metabolic liver disorders and end-stage liver diseases. The evaluation of its efficacy is complicated by the shortage of human hepatocytes and their difficult expansion and cryopreservation. Recent advances in cell biology have led to the concept of “regenerative medicine”, based on the therapeutic potential of stem cells (SCs). Different types of SCs are theoretically eligible for liver cell replacement. These include embryonic and fetal SCs, induced pluripotent cells, annex SCs, endogenous liver SCs, and extrahepatic adult SCs. Aim of this paper is to critically analyze the possible sources of SCs suitable for liver repopulation and the results of the clinical trials that have been published until now.

Type 3 form of MODY: the clinical and molecular-genetic characteristic. Nine cases of the disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
N A Zubkova ◽  
N Yu Arbatskaya ◽  
E E Petryaikina ◽  
O A Malievsky ◽  
A N Tulpakov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Characteristic ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cells ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Nuclear Transcription Factor ◽  
Monogenic Forms Of Diabetes ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Type 3

Monogenic forms of diabetes mellitus make up a group of rare pathologies associated with various forms of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. This group includes genetically determined dysfunction of pancreatic Β-cells and/or factors participating in glucose metabolism. Mutations in the HNFIA gene encoding for the nuclear transcription factor are responsible for the development of MODY3, one of the most widespread forms of monogenic diabetes mellitus. We present the description of the cases of MODY3 caused by mutations in the HNFIA gene reported from this country.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document