scholarly journals miR-205 in Breast Cancer: State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ilaria Plantamura ◽  
Alessandra Cataldo ◽  
Giulia Cosentino ◽  
Marilena V. Iorio
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Breast Physiology ◽  
Cancer Types

Despite its controversial roles in different cancer types, miR-205 has been mainly described as an oncosuppressive microRNA (miRNA), with some contrasting results, in breast cancer. The role of miR-205 in the occurrence or progression of breast cancer has been extensively studied since the first evidence of its aberrant expression in tumor tissues versus normal counterparts. To date, it is known that the expression of miR-205 in the different subtypes of breast cancer is decreasing from the less aggressive subtype, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive breast cancer, to the more aggressive, triple negative breast cancer, influencing metastasis capability, response to therapy and patient survival. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries that have highlighted the functional role of this miRNA in breast cancer initiation and progression, in stemness maintenance, in the tumor microenvironment, its potential role as a biomarker and its relevance in normal breast physiology—the still open questions. Finally, emerging evidence reveals the role of some lncRNAs in breast cancer progression as sponges of miR-205. Here, we also reviewed the studies in this field.

scholarly journals Role of the NUDT Enzymes in Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2267
Author(s):  
Roni H. G. Wright ◽  
Miguel Beato
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Metastatic Colonization ◽  
Hormone Receptor Positive ◽  
Aggressive Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Metastatic Process

Despite global research efforts, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The majority of these deaths are due to metastasis occurring years after the initial treatment of the primary tumor and occurs at a higher frequency in hormone receptor-positive (Estrogen and Progesterone; HR+) breast cancers. We have previously described the role of NUDT5 (Nudix-linked to moiety X-5) in HR+ breast cancer progression, specifically with regards to the growth of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). BCSCs are known to be the initiators of epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition (EMT), metastatic colonization, and growth. Therefore, a greater understanding of the proteins and signaling pathways involved in the metastatic process may open the door for therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the role of NUDT5 and other members of the NUDT family of enzymes in breast and other cancer types. We highlight the use of global omics data based on our recent phosphoproteomic analysis of progestin signaling pathways in breast cancer cells and how this experimental approach provides insight into novel crosstalk mechanisms for stratification and drug discovery projects aiming to treat patients with aggressive cancer.

scholarly journals Progesterone and Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britton Trabert ◽  
Mark E Sherman ◽  
Nagarajan Kannan ◽  
Frank Z Stanczyk
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Breast Physiology ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Synthetic progestogens (progestins) have been linked to increased breast cancer risk; however, the role of endogenous progesterone in breast physiology and carcinogenesis is less clearly defined. Mechanistic studies using cell culture, tissue culture, and preclinical models implicate progesterone in breast carcinogenesis. In contrast, limited epidemiologic data generally do not show an association of circulating progesterone levels with risk, and it is unclear whether this reflects methodologic limitations or a truly null relationship. Challenges related to defining the role of progesterone in breast physiology and neoplasia include: complex interactions with estrogens and other hormones (eg, androgens, prolactin, etc.), accounting for timing of blood collections for hormone measurements among cycling women, and limitations of assays to measure progesterone metabolites in blood and progesterone receptor isotypes (PRs) in tissues. Separating the individual effects of estrogens and progesterone is further complicated by the partial dependence of PR transcription on estrogen receptor (ER)α-mediated transcriptional events; indeed, interpreting the integrated interaction of the hormones may be more essential than isolating independent effects. Further, many of the actions of both estrogens and progesterone, particularly in “normal” breast tissues, are driven by paracrine mechanisms in which ligand binding to receptor-positive cells evokes secretion of factors that influence cell division of neighboring receptor-negative cells. Accordingly, blood and tissue levels may differ, and the latter are challenging to measure. Given conflicting data related to the potential role of progesterone in breast cancer etiology and interest in blocking progesterone action to prevent or treat breast cancer, we provide a review of the evidence that links progesterone to breast cancer risk and suggest future directions for filling current gaps in our knowledge.

scholarly journals SGK1 in Human Cancer: Emerging Roles and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Sang ◽  
Piaoping Kong ◽  
Shizhen Zhang ◽  
Lingyu Zhang ◽  
Ying Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Cancer Types

Serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) is a member of the “AGC” subfamily of protein kinases, which shares structural and functional similarities with the AKT family of kinases and displays serine/threonine kinase activity. Aberrant expression of SGK1 has profound cellular consequences and is closely correlated with human cancer. SGK1 is considered a canonical factor affecting the expression and signal transduction of multiple genes involved in the genesis and development of many human cancers. Abnormal expression of SGK1 has been found in tissue and may hopefully become a useful indicator of cancer progression. In addition, SGK1 acts as a prognostic factor for cancer patient survival. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the role of SGK1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of diverse cancer types; focuses on its essential roles and functions in tumorigenesis, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, metabolism, and therapy resistance and in the tumor microenvironment; and finally summarizes the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of SGK1 at the molecular level. Taken together, this evidence highlights the crucial role of SGK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, revealing why it has emerged as a potential target for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Osthole Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression through Upregulating Tumor Suppressor GNG7

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jie Mei ◽  
Tiejun Wang ◽  
Shaojie Zhao ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
The Relationship

Osthole (OST) is a plant-derived compound that can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and has a tumor-suppressive effect in multiple types of cancers. However, the mechanisms of OST-mediated breast cancer (BrCa) inhibition were still largely unknown. In this study, we made full use of the GSE85871 dataset to identify potential targets of OST in BrCa via multiple bioinformatics analysis. Next, a series of in vitro experiments were conducted to check the role of GNG7 in BrCa and the relationship between OST and GNG7. Through a series of bioinformatics analyses, GNG7 was identified as a potential target of OST, which could be significant upregulated by OST exposure in BrCa cells. Besides, GNG7 was lowly expressed in BrCa tissues compared with normal breast tissues, and BrCa patients with low GNG7 expression had shorter overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) compared with those with high GNG7 expression. Moreover, GNG7 silencing significantly enhanced cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, and exogenous overexpression of GNG7 showed reverse effects on BrCa cells. Last but not least, GNG7 inhibition could notably rescue OST-mediated cytotoxic effects. In summary, we identified GNG7 as a novel target for OST in BrCa and a potential tumor suppressor. Thus, OST could be therapeutically beneficial for BrCa through a GNG7-dependent mechanism.

The Impact of microRNAs in Breast Cancer Angiogenesis and Progression

MicroRNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kontomanolis N. Emmanuel ◽  
Fasoulakis Zacharias ◽  
Papamanolis Valentinos ◽  
Koliantzaki Sofia ◽  
Dimopoulos Georgios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Breast Cancer Progression ◽  
Breast Tumorigenesis ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Serum Microrna ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The study aims to review the recent data considering the expression profile and the role of microRNAs in breast tumorigenesis, and their impact on -the vital for breast cancer progression- angiogenesis.Methods:PubMed was searched for studies focused on data that associate microRNA with breast cancer, using the terms ''breast”, “mammary gland”, “neoplasia'', “angiogenesis” and ''microRNA'' between 1997-2018.Results:Aberrant expression of several circulating and tissue miRNAs is observed in human breast neoplasms with the deregulation of several miRNAs having a major participation in breast cancer progression. Angiogenesis seems to be directly affected by either overexpression or down regulation of many miRNAs, defining the overall prognostic rates. Many miRNAs differentially expressed in breast cancer that reveal a key role in suppression - progression and metastasis of breast cancer along with the contribution of the EGF, TNF-a and EGF cytokines.ConclusionAngiogenesis has proven to be vital for tumor development and metastasis while microRNAs are proposed to have multiple biological roles, including participation in immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory and recent studies reveal their implication in angiogenesis and its possible use as prognostic factors in cancer Even though larger studies are needed in order to reach safe conclusions, important steps are made that reveal the connection of serum microRNA expression to the angiogenic course of breast cancer, while miRNAs could be potential prognostic factors for the different breast cancer types.

scholarly journals Null effect of circulating sphingomyelins on risk for breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization report using Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charleen D. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundChanges in cellular metabolism are a hallmark of cancer and are linked with sphingolipid synthesis. Due to immense interest in how sphingolipids influence chemoresistance, more is known about the impact of sphingolipids during cancer treatment and progression than about the potential role of sphingolipids in the induction of tumors in humans.MethodsBecause estrogen triggers sphingolipid signaling cascades, the causal role of circulating levels of sphingomyelin (a type of sphingolipid) on breast cancer was investigated with a well-powered Mendelian randomization design.ResultsThe results reveal a null effect (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.85, 1.05; P = 0.30).ConclusionDespite the role sphingomyelins play during chemoresistance and cancer progression, circulating sphingomyelins do not appear to initiate or protect from breast cancer.ImpactThis finding comprises the first causal report in humans that sphingomyelins on breast cancer initiation is null. Future investigations of risk in other cancer types are needed to further explore the potential role of sphingolipid biology in cancer etiology.

scholarly journals Chameleon microRNAs in breast cancer: their elusive role as regulatory factors in cancer progression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Miglioli ◽  
Gaetan Bakalli ◽  
Samuel Orso ◽  
Mucyo Karemera ◽  
Roberto Molinari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Machine Learning Technique ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Learning Technique

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancers affecting women. Non-coding micro RNAs (miRNAs) seem to play an important role in the regulation of pathways involved in tumor occurrence and progression. Extending on the research in Haakensen et al. , where significant miRNAs were selected as being associated with the progression from normal breast tissue to breast cancer, in this work we put forward 112 sets of miRNA combinations, each including at most 5 expressions with high accuracy in discriminating healthy breast tissue from breast carcinoma. Our results are based on a recently developed machine learning technique which, instead of selecting a single model (or combination of features), delivers a set of models with equivalent predictive capabilities that allow to interpret and visualize the interaction of these features. These results shed new light on the biological action of the selected miRNAs which can behave in different ways according to the miRNA network with which they interact. Indeed, these revealed connections may contribute to explain why, in some cases, different studies attribute opposite functions to the same miRNA. It is therefore possible to understand how the role of a genomic variable may change when considered in interaction with other sets of variables, as opposed to only considering its effect when it is evaluated within a unique combination of features. The approach proposed in this work provides a statistical basis for the notion of chameleon miRNAs and is inspired by the emerging field of systems biology.

scholarly journals Null effect of circulating sphingomyelins on risk for breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization report using Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) data.

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Charleen D. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Impact

Background: Changes in cellular metabolism are a hallmark of cancer and are linked with sphingolipid synthesis. Due to immense interest in how sphingolipids influence chemoresistance, more is known about the impact of sphingolipids during cancer treatment and progression than about the potential role of sphingolipids in the induction of tumors in humans. Methods: Because estrogen triggers sphingolipid signaling cascades, the causal role of circulating levels of sphingomyelin (a type of sphingolipid) on breast cancer was investigated with a well-powered Mendelian randomization design. Results: The results reveal a null effect (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.85, 1.05; P = 0.30). Conclusion: Despite the role sphingomyelins play during chemoresistance and cancer progression, circulating sphingomyelins do not appear to initiate or protect from breast cancer. This finding comprises the first causal report in humans that sphingomyelins on breast cancer initiation is null. Future investigations of risk in other cancer types are needed to further explore the potential role of sphingolipid biology in cancer etiology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document