scholarly journals In Vitro Macrophage Immunomodulation by Poly(ε-caprolactone) Based-Coated AZ31 Mg Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Andreea-Mariana Negrescu ◽  
Madalina-Georgiana Necula ◽  
Adi Gebaur ◽  
Florentina Golgovici ◽  
Cristina Nica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Az31 Mg Alloy

Due to its excellent bone-like mechanical properties and non-toxicity, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have attracted great interest as biomaterials for orthopaedic applications. However, their fast degradation rate in physiological environments leads to an acute inflammatory response, restricting their use as biodegradable metallic implants. Endowing Mg-based biomaterials with immunomodulatory properties can help trigger a desired immune response capable of supporting a favorable healing process. In this study, electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers loaded with coumarin (CM) and/or zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were used to coat the commercial AZ31 Mg alloy as single and combined formulas, and their effects on the macrophage inflammatory response and osteoclastogenic process were investigated by indirect contact studies. Likewise, the capacity of the analyzed samples to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been investigated. The data obtained by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicate that AZ31 alloy was perfectly coated with the PCL fibers loaded with CM and ZnO, which had an important influence on tuning the release of the active ingredient. Furthermore, in terms of degradation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, the PCL-ZnO- and secondary PCL-CM-ZnO-coated samples exhibited the best corrosion behaviour. The in vitro results showed the PCL-CM-ZnO and, to a lower extent, PCL-ZnO coated sample exhibited the best behaviour in terms of inflammatory response and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-mediated differentiation of RAW 264.7 macrophages into osteoclasts. Altogether, the results obtained suggest that the coating of Mg alloys with fibrous PCL containing CM and/or ZnO can constitute a feasible strategy for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effect of Replicated Porous Polymeric Nano-MicroStructured Biointerfaces Characteristics on Macrophages Behavior

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Luminita Nicoleta Dumitrescu ◽  
Madalina Icriverzi ◽  
Anca Bonciu ◽  
Anca Roșeanu ◽  
Antoniu Moldovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Microstructured Surface ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Vitro Effect

In the last decades, optimizing implant properties in terms of materials and biointerface characteristics represents one of the main quests in biomedical research. Modifying and engineering polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as scaffolds becomes more and more attractive to multiples areas of bio-applications (e.g., bone or cochlear implants). Nevertheless, the acceptance of an implant is affected by its inflammatory potency caused by surface-induced modification. Therefore, in this work, three types of nano-micro squared wells like PVDF structures (i.e., reversed pyramidal shape with depths from 0.8 to 2.5 microns) were obtained by replication, and the influence of their characteristics on the inflammatory response of human macrophages was investigated in vitro. FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the maintaining chemical structures of the replicated surfaces, while the topographical surface characteristics were evaluated by AFM and SEM analysis. Contact angle and surface energy analysis indicated a modification from superhydrophobicity of casted materials to moderate hydrophobicity based on the structure’s depth change. The effects induced by PVDF casted and micron-sized reversed pyramidal replicas on macrophages behavior were evaluated in normal and inflammatory conditions (lipopolysaccharide treatment) using colorimetric, microscopy, and ELISA methods. Our results demonstrate that the depth of the microstructured surface affects the activity of macrophages and that the modification of topography could influence both the hydrophobicity of the surface and the inflammatory response.

scholarly journals A 3D In Vitro Model for Burn Wounds: Monitoring of Regeneration on the Epidermal Level

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Verena Schneider ◽  
Daniel Kruse ◽  
Ives Bernardelli de Mattos ◽  
Saskia Zöphel ◽  
Kendra-Kathrin Tiltmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Burn Wounds

Burns affect millions every year and a model to mimic the pathophysiology of such injuries in detail is required to better understand regeneration. The current gold standard for studying burn wounds are animal models, which are under criticism due to ethical considerations and a limited predictiveness. Here, we present a three-dimensional burn model, based on an open-source model, to monitor wound healing on the epidermal level. Skin equivalents were burned, using a preheated metal cylinder. The healing process was monitored regarding histomorphology, metabolic changes, inflammatory response and reepithelialization for 14 days. During this time, the wound size decreased from 25% to 5% of the model area and the inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) showed a comparable course to wounding and healing in vivo. Additionally, the topical application of 5% dexpanthenol enhanced tissue morphology and the number of proliferative keratinocytes in the newly formed epidermis, but did not influence the overall reepithelialization rate. In summary, the model showed a comparable healing process to in vivo, and thus, offers the opportunity to better understand the physiology of thermal burn wound healing on the keratinocyte level.

scholarly journals An Engineered Infected Epidermis Model for In Vitro Study of the Skin’s Pro-Inflammatory Response

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Jahanshahi ◽  
David Hamdi ◽  
Brent Godau ◽  
Ehsan Samiei ◽  
Carla Sanchez-Lafuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hydrogel Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference

Wound infection is a major clinical challenge that can significantly delay the healing process, can create pain, and requires prolonged hospital stays. Pre-clinical research to evaluate new drugs normally involves animals. However, ethical concerns, cost, and the challenges associated with interspecies variation remain major obstacles. Tissue engineering enables the development of in vitro human skin models for drug testing. However, existing engineered skin models are representative of healthy human skin and its normal functions. This paper presents a functional infected epidermis model that consists of a multilayer epidermis structure formed at an air-liquid interface on a hydrogel matrix and a three-dimensionally (3D) printed vascular-like network. The function of the engineered epidermis is evaluated by the expression of the terminal differentiation marker, filaggrin, and the barrier function of the epidermis model using the electrical resistance and permeability across the epidermal layer. The results showed that the multilayer structure enhances the electrical resistance by 40% and decreased the drug permeation by 16.9% in the epidermis model compared to the monolayer cell culture on gelatin. We infect the model with Escherichia coli to study the inflammatory response of keratinocytes by measuring the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha). After 24 h of exposure to Escherichia coli, the level of IL-1β and TNF-α in control samples were 125 ± 78 and 920 ± 187 pg/mL respectively, while in infected samples, they were 1429 ± 101 and 2155.5 ± 279 pg/mL respectively. However, in ciprofloxacin-treated samples the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α without significant difference with respect to the control reached to 246 ± 87 and 1141.5 ± 97 pg/mL respectively. The robust fabrication procedure and functionality of this model suggest that the model has great potential for modeling wound infections and drug testing.

Analysis of corrosion behaviour and surface properties of plasma-sprayed composite coating of hydroxyapatite–tantalum on biodegradable Mg alloy ZK60

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (19) ◽  
pp. 2661-2673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balraj Singh ◽  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
Buta Singh Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Coating ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Coatings ◽  
Plasma Sprayed ◽  
Incremental Increase

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are promising candidates for biodegradable bio-implants. However, the excessive corrosion in the physiological environment and subsequent decline in the mechanical integrity of Mg and its alloys have limited their utility as biomaterials. In the present study, an attempt has been made to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy ZK60 plasma sprayed with tantalum (Ta)-reinforced hydroxyapatite coating. The experiment was conducted with three varied levels, i.e. 10, 20 and 30 weight percent (wt%) of Ta-content in hydroxyapatite coating. The coatings were characterized and in vitro corrosion behaviour was investigated by electrochemical measurements in Ringer's solution along with the analysis of surface properties. The corrosion resistance of the Mg alloy increased with the incremental increase in Ta reinforcement in hydroxyapatite coating. An increase in the protection efficiency was analysed for the Ta-reinforced hydroxyapatite coatings (∼10%, 18% and 23% for hydroxyapatite-10Ta, hydroxyapatite-20Ta and hydroxyapatite-30Ta, respectively) as compared to the pure hydroxyapatite coating. The hydroxyapatite coating effectively increased the surface hardness of the Mg alloy and Ta reinforcement further enhanced it. Surface roughness decreased with the incremental increase in Ta-content in hydroxyapatite coating. Wettability analysis revealed the hydrophilic nature of pure hydroxyapatite and Ta-reinforced hydroxyapatite coatings. The results of the study suggest that the proposed Ta reinforcement in hydroxyapatite is potentially important for biodegradable Mg bio-implants.

scholarly journals Influence of Cu2+ Ions on the Corrosion Resistance of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy with Microarc Oxidation

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2647
Author(s):  
Madiha Ahmed ◽  
Yuming Qi ◽  
Longlong Zhang ◽  
Yanxia Yang ◽  
Asim Abas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Microarc Oxidation ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Az31 Mg Alloy

The objectives of this study were to reduce the corrosion rate and increase the cytocompatibility of AZ31 Mg alloy. Two coatings were considered. One coating contained MgO (MAO/AZ31). The other coating contained Cu2+ (Cu/MAO/AZ31), and it was produced on the AZ31 Mg alloy via microarc oxidation (MAO). Coating characterization was conducted using a set of methods, including scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Corrosion properties were investigated through an electrochemical test, and a H2 evolution measurement. The AZ31 Mg alloy with the Cu2+-containing coating showed an improved and more stable corrosion resistance compared with the MgO-containing coating and AZ31 Mg alloy specimen. Cell morphology observation and cytotoxicity test via Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that the Cu2+-containing coating enhanced the proliferation of L-929 cells and did not induce a toxic effect, thus resulting in excellent cytocompatibility and biological activity. In summary, adding Cu ions to MAO coating improved the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of the coating.

Surface Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Modified by Chitosan-Immobilization

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
W.C. Lu ◽  
H. Sun ◽  
Nan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Modified Surface ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Pet Films

Biomedical PET films were modified by the approach of chitosan-surface-grafting. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that chitosan molecules were successfully grafted on the PET surface. The bacterial adhesion on the modified surface was evaluated by bacteria plate counting in vitro and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results testified that chitosan did make the surface of PET become more antibacterial. The free energy of adhesion (∆Fadh) between the bacteria and the chitosan-immobilized surface of PET was calculated. The value of the ∆Fadh was positive, which suggests that the process of bacterial adhesion on the modified PET surface was not thermodynamically favorable, namely, not spontaneous.

scholarly journals Bactericides Based on Copper Nanoparticles Restrain Growth of Important Plant Pathogens

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Adamantia Varympopi ◽  
Anastasia Dimopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Theologidis ◽  
Theodora Karamanidou ◽  
Alexandra Kaldeli Kerou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
X Ray

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) can offer an alternative to conventional copper bactericides and possibly slow down the development of bacterial resistance. This will consequently lower the accumulation rate of copper to soil and water and lower the environmental and health burden imposed by copper application. Physical and chemical methods have been reported to synthesize CuNPs but their use as bactericides in plants has been understudied. In this study, two different CuNPs products have been developed, CuNP1 and CuNP2 in two respective concentrations (1500 ppm or 300 ppm). Both products were characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Attenuated Total Reflection measurements, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Scattering, and Laser Doppler Electrophoresis. They were evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy in vitro against the gram-negative species Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Dickeya dadantii, Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Evaluation was based on comparisons with two commercial bactericides: Kocide (copper hydroxide) and Nordox (copper oxide). CuNP1 inhibited the growth of five species, restrained the growth of P. corrugata, and had no effect in X. c. pv campestris. MICs were significantly lower than those of the commercial formulations. CuNP2 inhibited the growth of E. amylovora and restrained growth of P. s. pv. savastanoi. Again, its overall activity was higher compared to commercial formulations. An extensive in vitro evaluation of CuNPs that show higher potential compared to their conventional counterpart is reported for the first time and suggests that synthesis of stable CuNPs can lead to the development of low-cost sustainable commercial products.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cell viability of biodegradable AZ31 Mg alloy for use in paediatric tracheal stent after long term in vitro corrosion

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adekanmbi Isaiah ◽  
Ferguson Louisa ◽  
Tsimbouri P M ◽  
Riehle Mathis ◽  
Kubba Haytham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Tracheal Stent ◽  
Az31 Mg Alloy

Facile fabrication of silicon coating for improving biodegradation and cytocompatibility of pure magnesium by hydrothermal method

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Liyan Ma ◽  
Jia Niu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Pure Magnesium ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Facile Fabrication ◽  
Silicon Coating

In this study, a bioactive silicon coating was fabricated for reducing the degradation rate and enhancing the cytocompatibility of the pure magnesium. The morphology and phase of coating were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The electrochemical and immersion tests were conducted in a simulated body fluid to evaluate the in vitro degradation behavior of the Si-coated sample. Cell viability and cell adhesion assays of human osteosarcoma cells were performed to determine the biocompatibility of the Si-coating. The XRD pattern suggested that MgO, Mg2SiO4 and SiO2 were formed on the Si-coated sample. The results of the electrochemical and immersion tests showed that the Si-coating could significantly decrease degradation rate of the pure magnesium. Meanwhile, the Si-coating could significantly promote the cell adhesion, migration and proliferation in vitro. It is considered that the Si-coating showed a promising application in improving the anticorrosion and biocompatibility of the pure magnesium.

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