scholarly journals Estrogen-Related Receptor Influences the Hemolymph Glucose Content by Regulating Midgut Trehalase Gene Expression in the Last Instar Larvae of Bombyx mori

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4343
Author(s):  
Guanwang Shen ◽  
Jinxin Wu ◽  
Ying Lin ◽  
Xiaoting Hua ◽  
Qingyou Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Silkworm Larvae ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Trehalose Metabolism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Glucose Supply ◽  
Estrogen Related Receptor

The expression of trehalase in the midgut of insects plays an important role in glucose supply to the hemolymph. Energy metabolism is usually regulated by the estrogen-related receptor (ERR). A decrease in ATP levels is caused by the ERR hindering glycolysis. However, the relationship between trehalose accumulation and ERR expression is still unclear. Here, we found that silkworm ERR (BmERR) is concentrated and BmERR expression is strongly correlated with trehalase in the midgut during the last instar silkworm larval stage. We cloned the promoter of the trehalase from Bombyx mori (BmTreh) and found that the ERR bound directly to the core response elements of the promoter. Cell level interference and the overexpression of ERR can reduce or enhance BmTreh transcription and promoter activity. Overexpressed transgenic BmERR can significantly increase the expression of BmTreh in the midgut of the last instar silkworm larvae, thereby hydrolyzing trehalose into glucose and releasing it into the hemolymph. Additionally, increased hemolymph glucose content reduces silkworm pupa weight but does not affect silk protein production from the silk gland. Our results suggest a novel function for BmERR through its involvement in BmTreh regulation and expand the understanding of ERR functions in insect trehalose metabolism.

Changes in H+-translocating vacuolar-type ATPase in the anterior silk gland cell of Bombyx mori during metamorphosis.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-486
Author(s):  
M Azuma ◽  
Y Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Gland Cell ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Apical Plasma Membrane ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Silkworm Larvae

A proton-translocating vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) was identified and characterized in the anterior silk gland of Bombyx mori. By incubating the intact tissue with the fluorescent dye Acridine Orange, the acidified compartment was detected at the apical pole of the epithelial cells. This was observed throughout the feeding period of the fifth-instar larva until the onset of spinning. Acidification was prevented completely and reversibly by 0.8 micromol l-1 bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of V-ATPase. The presence of V-ATPase in a microsomal fraction was verified by immunoblots using an antiserum to the V-ATPase holoenzyme from Manduca sexta midgut. The antiserum localized the V-ATPase to the apical plasma membrane of the anterior silk gland cells, suggesting that the enzyme is functionally active in pumping protons out of the cell towards the glandular lumen of feeding silkworm larvae. In spinning larvae, the acidification produced by the V-ATPase appears to cease, because acidic compartments were seen rarely and only in the periphery of basal cytoplasm, and because immunocytochemical staining for the V-ATPase was greatly reduced at the apical surface. The metamorphic changes in relation to the occurrence of V-ATPase corresponded well with the ultrastructural changes in the anterior silk gland cell of Bombyx mori larvae.

scholarly journals Larval growth, silk production and economic traits of Bombyx mori under the influence of honey-enriched mulberry diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thulasi ◽  
S. Sivaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Silkworm Larvae ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Shell Protein ◽  
The Impact

The impact of honey on the silkworm, Bombyx mori was demonstrated with reference to the larval growth, silk gland proteins and economic parameters of sericulture. The honey works well at a concentration of 2% in distilled water. At this concentration it promotes growth rates in the silkworm larvae during fifth instar development. It positively reinforces the day-to-day larval growth rate by 4.75 additional percentile points, silk gland growth rate by 4.45 additional percentile points and the gland-body ratio by additional 6.64 percentile points. It stimulates silk protein synthesis in all the three segments of the silk gland, viz., the anterior, middle and posterior parts. Under its influence, the silk gland protein profiles grew significantly by 14.85 additional percentile points in the anterior silk gland (ASG), minimally by 8.68 additional percentile points in the middle silk gland (MSG) and maximally by 15.17 additional percentile points in the posterior silk gland (MSG), compared to their control values. It also stimulates the core shell protein synthesis by 18% and retards floss protein synthesis by ~25% in the three segments of silk gland. In doing so, it contributes to sericulture industry by causing improvements in profit making economic traits such as gland-body ratio, cocoon weight, shell weight, raw silk weight, denier and renditta and by reducing the production of floss, which contributes to loss in the sericulture industry. Honey is suggested as a profitable supplementary diet forsilkworm.

scholarly journals Quantitative Profile Analysis of Mulberry Silkworm Bombyx mori L. (CSR2XCSR4)

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Venugopal Reddy ◽  
P. Divya ◽  
M. Anitha
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Silkworm Larvae ◽  
Silk Production ◽  
Silk Worm ◽  
Bombyx Mori L ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm

Bombyx mori. L. (CSR2XCSR4) is a bivolitne crossbreed that produces high quantity of silk. The weights of worms and glands are directly related to the yield of silk, higher larval weights leads to higher silk production. In the present study, quantitative parameters of 5th instar and pupal stages of silkworm larvae were observed. The analysis of quantitative estimation showed that the maximum weights and lengths of silk gland and silk worm were recorded on 7th day of 5th instar larval stage. The day dependent variation in protein concentration was observed in total silk gland 5th instar larval and pupal stages.

Role of Bm30kc6 gene in cell apoptosis and the silk gland degradation signaling pathway in Bombyx mori L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Xiao ◽  
Lei‐lei Li ◽  
Asma Bibi ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Bombyx Mori L

Sage controls silk gland development by regulating Dfd in Bombyx mori

2021 ◽  
pp. 103568
Author(s):  
Sihan Hou ◽  
Cuicui Tao ◽  
Hongguo Yang ◽  
Tingcai Cheng ◽  
Chun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals An analysis of Italian university students’ performance through segmented regression models: gender differences in STEM courses

Genus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Priulla ◽  
Nicoletta D’Angelo ◽  
Massimo Attanasio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Segmented Regression ◽  
Freshmen Students ◽  
Female Performance ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThis paper investigates gender differences in university performances in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) courses in Italy, proposing a novel application through the segmented regression models. The analysis concerns freshmen students enrolled at a 3-year STEM degree in Italian universities in the last decade, with a focus on the relationship between the number of university credits earned during the first year (a good predictor of the regularity of the career) and the probability of getting the bachelor degree within 4 years. Data is provided by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR). Our analysis confirms that first-year performance is strongly correlated to obtaining a degree within 4 years. Furthermore, our findings show that gender differences vary among STEM courses, in accordance with the care-oriented and technical-oriented dichotomy. Males outperform females in mathematics, physics, chemistry and computer science, while females are slightly better than males in biology. In engineering, female performance seems to follow the male stream. Finally, accounting for other important covariates regarding students, we point out the importance of high school background and students’ demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Comparison of Silks from Pseudoips prasinana and Bombyx mori Shows Molecular Convergence in Fibroin Heavy Chains but Large Differences in Other Silk Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8246
Author(s):  
Michal Rindos ◽  
Lucie Kucerova ◽  
Lenka Rouhova ◽  
Hana Sehadova ◽  
Michal Sery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Crystalline Domains

Many lepidopteran larvae produce silk feeding shelters and cocoons to protect themselves and the developing pupa. As caterpillars evolved, the quality of the silk, shape of the cocoon, and techniques in forming and leaving the cocoon underwent a number of changes. The silk of Pseudoips prasinana has previously been studied using X-ray analysis and classified in the same category as that of Bombyx mori, suggesting that silks of both species have similar properties despite their considerable phylogenetic distance. In the present study, we examined P. prasinana silk using ‘omics’ technology, including silk gland RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and a mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of cocoon proteins. We found that although the central repetitive amino acid sequences encoding crystalline domains of fibroin heavy chain molecules are almost identical in both species, the resulting fibers exhibit quite different mechanical properties. Our results suggest that these differences are most probably due to the higher content of fibrohexamerin and fibrohexamerin-like molecules in P. prasinana silk. Furthermore, we show that whilst P. prasinana cocoons are predominantly made of silk similar to that of other Lepidoptera, they also contain a second, minor silk type, which is present only at the escape valve.

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