scholarly journals An Overview of the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Human Choriocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6506
Author(s):  
Riccardo Di Fiore ◽  
Sherif Suleiman ◽  
Ana Felix ◽  
Sharon A. O’Toole ◽  
John J. O’Leary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Diverse Biological Activity ◽  
Female Genital

Choriocarcinoma (CC), a subtype of trophoblastic disease, is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm. There are two main CC subtypes: gestational and non-gestational, (so called when it develops as a component of a germ cell tumor or is related to a somatic mutation of a poorly differentiated carcinoma), each with very diverse biological activity. A therapeutic approach is highly effective in patients with early-stage CC. The advanced stage of the disease also has a good prognosis with around 95% of patients cured following chemotherapy. However, advancements in diagnosis and treatment are always needed to improve outcomes for patients with CC. Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are non-coding transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Deregulation of their expression has a key role in tumor development, angiogenesis, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. Furthermore, detection of cancer-associated lncRNAs in body fluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine of cancer patients, is emerging as a novel method for cancer diagnosis. Although there is evidence for the potential role of lncRNAs in a number of cancers of the female genital tract, their role in CC is poorly understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge of lncRNAs in gestational CC and how this may be applied to future therapeutic strategies in the treatment of this rare cancer.

Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) Consensus Review for Mullerian Adenosarcoma of the Female Genital Tract

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp 3) ◽  
pp. S78-S82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leonard Friedlander ◽  
Alan Covens ◽  
Rosalind M. Glasspool ◽  
Felix Hilpert ◽  
Gunnar Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Stromal Sarcoma ◽  
Female Genital

Mullerian adenosarcomas of the female genital tract are rare malignancies, originally described in the uterus, the most common site of origin, but they may also arise in extrauterine locations. Uterine adenosarcomas make up 5% of uterine sarcomas and tend to occur in postmenopausal women. They are usually low-grade tumors and are characterized by a benign epithelial component with a malignant mesenchymal component, which is typically a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma but can also be a high-grade sarcoma. Tumors that exhibit a high-grade sarcomatous overgrowth have a worse outcome. Adenosarcomas have been described as being midway along the spectrum between benign adenofibromas and carcinosarcomas. They generally have a good prognosis with the exception of deeply invasive tumors or those with high-grade sarcomatous overgrowth. Extrauterine adenosarcomas also have a higher risk for recurrence. In view of their rarity, there have not been any clinical trials in mullerian adenosarcomas and relatively little research. This article reviews the current knowledge and provides recommendation for the management of mullerian adenosarcomas.

Serous Ovarian Cancer Signaling Pathways

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis C. Kotsopoulos ◽  
Alexios Papanikolaou ◽  
Alexandros F. Lambropoulos ◽  
Konstantinos T. Papazisis ◽  
Dimitrios Tsolakidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Precise Role ◽  
Female Genital

AbstractOvarian cancer is the most lethal malignancy of the female genital tract, mainly due to the failure of early diagnosis and the limitations posed by the conventional chemotherapies. Current research has focused in the study of cascades of various cellular molecular reactions, known as signaling pathways. In this review article, authors try to describe the current knowledge regarding the signaling pathways that influence multiple cellular processes in serous ovarian cancer and especially the pathogenesis. Thorough understanding of the precise role of these pathways can lead to the development of new and more effective targeted therapies as well as novel biomarkers in ovarian cancer.

Evidence for cGAS-STING signaling in the female genital tract resistance to Chlamydia trachomatis infection

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Su ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Maegan French ◽  
Yujie Zhao ◽  
Lingli Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital

Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis can ascend to the upper genital tract due to its resistance to innate immunity in the lower genital tract. C. trachomatis can activate cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cultured cells via either cGAS or STING. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in innate immunity against C. trachomatis in the mouse genital tract. Following intravaginal inoculation, C. trachomatis significantly declined by day 5 following a peak infection on day 3 while the mouse-adapted C. muridarum continued to rise for >1 week, indicating that C. trachomatis is susceptible to the innate immunity in the female mouse genital tract. This conclusion was supported by the observation of a similar shedding course in mice deficient in adaptive immunity. Thus, C. trachomatis can be used to evaluate innate immunity in the female genital tract. It was found that mice deficient in either cGAS or STING significantly increased the yields of live C. trachomatis on day 5, indicating an essential role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in innate immunity of the mouse genital tract. Comparison of live C. trachomatis recovered from different genital tissues revealed that the cGAS-STING-dependent immunity against C. trachomatis was restricted to the mouse lower genital tract regardless of whether C. trachomatis was inoculated intravaginally or transcervically. Thus, we have demonstrated an essential role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in innate immunity against chlamydial infection, laying a foundation for further illuminating the mechanisms of the innate immunity in the female lower genital tract.

scholarly journals O ρόλος των ενεργοποιών του πλασμινογόνου και της πλασμίνης στην αναπαραγωγή των θηλαστικών

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
M. TSANTARLIOTOU (Μ. ΤΣΑΝΤΑΡΛΙΩΤΟΥ) ◽  
V. SAPANIDOU (Β.ΣΑΠΑΝΙΔΟΥ) ◽  
I. ZERVOS (Ι. ΖΕΡΒΟΣ) ◽  
S. LAVRENTIADOU (Σ. ΛΑΥΡΕΝΤΙΑΔΟΥ) ◽  
I. TAITZOGLOU (Ι. ΤΑΪΤΖΟΓΛΟΥ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Luteal Regression ◽  
Mammalian Fertilization ◽  
Pai 1

The current knowledge of the role of local and directed fibrinolysis controlled by plasminogen activators (PAs) and regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAls) in reproduction is summarized. The PA system has been found to play an important role in spermatogenesis in testis and modulation of sperm maturation in epididymis while a lot of studies indicate a role for sperm or seminal plasma PAs in sperm hyperactivation and/or capacitation. Hormoneinduced expression of tissue-type PA (tPA) and PAI-1 in the ovary is involved in the processes of ovulation and luteal regression; increases of urokinase-type PA (uPA) and PAI-1 in the early stage of luteinized follicles may be responsible for ovarian tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. The targeted proteolytic activity plays an essential role in the processes of the cyclic uterine angiogenesis, implantation and placentation as well as in the parturition. As the PA system is involved in multiple phases of mammalian fertilization specific regulatory molecules of this system provide opportunities for pharmacological intervention.

scholarly journals Chemokines—What Is Their Role in Colorectal Cancer?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327482090338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pączek ◽  
Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Common Malignancy

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. It is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy in Europe and third worldwide. Colorectal malignancies diagnosed at an early stage offer a promising survival rate. However, advanced tumors often present distant metastases even after the complete resection of a primary tumor. Therefore, novel biomarkers of CRC are sorely needed in the diagnosis and prognosis of this common malignancy. A family of chemokines are composed of small, secreted proteins. They are best known for their ability to stimulate the migration of several cell types. Some investigations have indicated that chemokines are involved in cancer development, including CRC. This article presents current knowledge regarding chemokines and their specific receptors in CRC progression. Moreover, the prime aim of this review is to summarize the potential role of these proteins as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Microbiota and Microbiome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Sona Ciernikova ◽  
Maria Novisedlakova ◽  
Danka Cholujova ◽  
Viola Stevurkova ◽  
Michal Mego
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
The Impact

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors due to the absence of biomarkers for early-stage detection and poor response to therapy. Since mounting evidence supports the role of microbiota composition in tumorigenesis and cancer treatment, the link between microbiome and PDAC has been described. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of the gut and oral microbiome on the risk of PDAC development. Microenvironment-driven therapy and immune system interactions are also discussed. More importantly, we provide an overview of the clinical trials evaluating the microbiota role in the risk, prognosis, and treatment of patients suffering from PDAC and solid tumors. According to the research findings, immune tolerance might result from the microbiota-derived remodeling of pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Thus, microbiome profiling and targeting represent the potential trend to enhance antitumor immunity and improve the efficacy of PDAC treatment.

scholarly journals Microbiome and Cervical Cancer

Pathobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Cristina Paula Castanheira ◽  
Mayara Luciana Sallas ◽  
Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes ◽  
Noely Paula Cristina Lorenzi ◽  
Lara Termini
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Cervical Disease ◽  
Female Genital

Persistent infection with some types of mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. Besides, several cofactors are known to play a role in cervical disease onset and progression either by favoring or by preventing HPV infection and persistence. The microbiome of a healthy female genital tract is characterized by the presence of 1 or few varieties of lactobacilli. However, high-throughput studies addressing the bacterial diversity and abundance in the female genital tract have shown that several factors, including hormonal levels, hygiene habits, and sexually transmitted diseases may disrupt the natural balance, favoring the outgrowth of some groups of bacteria, which in turn may favor some pathological states. Recently, the vaginal microbiome has emerged as a new variable that could greatly influence the natural history of HPV infections and their clinical impact. In this context, changes in the vaginal microbiome have been detected in women infected with HPV and women with HPV-associated lesions and cancer. However, the role of specific bacteria groups in the development/progression or prevention/regression of HPV-associated pathologies is not well understood. In this review we summarize the current knowledge concerning changes in vaginal microbiome and cervical disease. We discuss the potential functional interplay between specific bacterial groups and HPV infection outcomes.

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