Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study is to the present an original research which describes the outcome in 268 ICU consecutive patients in a single center, as well analyzing the effects of viral infection on preexisting medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and how these factors affected survival and hospital stay.Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients included in this study who were admitted to ICU between March 18th 2020 until August 30th 2020. All patients were analyzed under the same protocol at Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil. Several factors were considered, such as: age, gender, symptoms before hospitalization, comorbidities, vasopressors use, radiological findings and use of high flow nasal catheter. The results were presented using the hazard ratio and its respective 95% confidence intervals. For statistical inferences, p <0.05 was adopted for all analysis.Results: The median age was 72 years, 64,2 years (53-74) for patients who were discharged, and 79.9 years (71.4-88.4) for those deceased (p<0.001). The most common comorbidities associated were: systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, cardiovascular and kidney disease. The univariate analysis showed the following factors as predictors of survival: myalgia (p=0.001), cerebrovascular disease (p=0.002), COPD (p=0.003), dementia (p=0.000), the need for mechanical ventilation (p=0.000), dialysis (0.000), vasopressors use (0.000), SAPS3 (0.000), lymphopenia (p=0.004), elevated D-dimer (P=0.011), time in ICU before tracheostomy (p=0.002), and performing a tracheostomy (p=0.000). The independent predictors of mortality were: advanced age (p=0.003); the non-use of vasopressor in the ICU was protective factor (p=0.001); tracheostomy performed in ICU was a mortality predictor (p=0.002).Discussion: COVID-19 affects more older adults and there is also a high fatality rate in this subset of patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the primary cause of death in and around < 5% of patients were reported as experiencing bacterial/fungal coinfection at admission. Our findings support the observations of earlier studies, which found a high percentage of hospitalized patients of advanced age with preexisting conditions, hypertension being the most common.Conclusion: In our analysis, age, the need for vasopressors medications patients who underwent tracheostomy and underlying comorbidities, such as systemic coronary disease, heart failure, neoplasia, COPD, were found to be significantly associated with COVID-19 severity.