scholarly journals An ABA Functional Analogue B2 Enhanced Salt Tolerance by Inducing the Root Elongation and Reducing Peroxidation Damage in Maize Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12986
Author(s):  
Shiying Geng ◽  
Zhaobin Ren ◽  
Lijun Liang ◽  
Yumei Zhang ◽  
Zhaohu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

Salt stress negatively affects maize growth and yield. Application of plant growth regulator is an effective way to improve crop salt tolerance, therefore reducing yield loss by salt stress. Here, we used a novel plant growth regulator B2, which is a functional analogue of ABA. With the aim to determine whether B2 alleviates salt stress on maize, we studied its function under hydroponic conditions. When the second leaf was fully developed, it was pretreated with 100 µM ABA, 0.01 µM B2, 0.1 µM B2, and 1 µM B2, independently. After 5 days treatment, NaCl was added into the nutrient solution for salt stress. Our results showed that B2 could enhance salt tolerance in maize, especially when the concentration was 1.0 µMol·L−1. Exogenous application of B2 significantly enhanced root growth, and the root/shoot ratio increased by 7.6% after 6 days treatment under salt stress. Compared with control, the ABA level also decreased by 31% after 6 days, which might have resulted in the root development. What is more, B2 maintained higher photosynthetic capacity in maize leaves under salt stress conditions and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the generation rate of reactive oxygen species by 16.48%. On the other hand, B2 can enhance its water absorption ability by increasing the expression of aquaporin genes ZmPIP1-1 and ZmPIP1-5. In conclusion, the novel plant growth regulator B2 can effectively improve the salt tolerance in maize.

scholarly journals Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by 2,4 – Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and NPK Fertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
E.K. Eifediyi ◽  
F.O. Ogedegbe ◽  
N.B. Izuogu ◽  
C.A. Adedokun ◽  
A. Katibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Savannah Zone

Abstract The Guinea savannah zone of Nigeria is beset by increasing population and infrastructural development, thereby putting pressure on available land with rapidly declining fertility due to low organic matter content, soil erosion, high temperature and seasonal bush burning. Sesame is cultivated in this zone and the yield has remained very low, compared to yield in other parts of the world. This could be attributed to poor nutrient status and poor cultural practices used by peasant farmers. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, in a southern Guinea savannah zone in 2015 and repeated in 2016 cropping season to determine the effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of sesame. The experiment was laid out as a factorial arrangement, fitted into a randomized complete block design replicated thrice. The factors imposed were 2,4-D (0, 5 and 10 ppm ha−1) and NPK 15:15:15 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1). Data were collected on vegetative traits (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area) and yield components (number of capsules per plant; yield per plant and per hectare). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Genstat statistical package 17th edition and significant means were separated by using the least significant difference at 5% level of probability. The result revealed that using plant growth regulator and NPK fertilizer had significant effects (p<0.05) on plant height (151 cm) and yield per hectare (530 kg/ha). The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the seeds further reaffirmed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which are important health promoting food in the seeds.

scholarly journals Characterization of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) for Detecting Salt Tolerance Based on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Ion Accumulation and Genetic Variability at Early Vegetative Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
Md Al Samsul Huqe ◽  
Md Sabibul Haque ◽  
Ashaduzzaman Sagar ◽  
Md Nesar Uddin ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Increasing soil salinity due to global warming severely restricts crop growth and yield. To select and recommend salt-tolerant cultivars, extensive genotypic screening and examination of plants’ morpho-physiological responses to salt stress are required. In this study, 18 prescreened maize hybrid cultivars were examined at the early growth stage under a hydroponic system using multivariate analysis to demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic variations of the selected cultivars under salt stress. The seedlings of all maize cultivars were evaluated with two salt levels: control (without NaCl) and salt stress (12 dS m−1 simulated with NaCl) for 28 d. A total of 18 morpho-physiological and ion accumulation traits were dissected using multivariate analysis, and salt tolerance index (STI) values of the examined traits were evaluated for grouping of cultivars into salt-tolerant and -sensitive groups. Salt stress significantly declined all measured traits except root–shoot ratio (RSR), while the cultivars responded differently. The cultivars were grouped into three clusters and the cultivars in Cluster-1 such as Prabhat, UniGreen NK41, Bisco 51, UniGreen UB100, Bharati 981 and Star Beej 7Star exhibited salt tolerance to a greater extent, accounting for higher STI in comparison to other cultivars grouped in Cluster-2 and Cluster-3. The high heritability (h2bs, >60%) and genetic advance (GAM, >20%) were recorded in 13 measured traits, indicating considerable genetic variations present in these traits. Therefore, using multivariate analysis based on the measured traits, six hybrid maize cultivars were selected as salt-tolerant and some traits such as Total Fresh Weight (TFW), Total Dry Weight (TDW), Total Na+, Total K+ contents and K+–Na+ Ratio could be effectively used for the selection criteria evaluating salt-tolerant maize genotypes at the early seedling stage.

Rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase confer salt tolerance in maize grown on salt-affected fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1302-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Mahmood Nadeem ◽  
Zahir Ahmad Zahir ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Muhammad Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Salt stress is one of the major constraints hampering agricultural production owing to its impact on ethylene production and nutritional imbalance. A check on the accelerated ethylene production in plants could be helpful in minimizing the negative effect of salt stress on plant growth and development. Four Pseudomonas , 1 Flavobacterium , and 1 Enterobacter strain of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase were selected and their effects on growth and yield of maize were investigated to improve the salt tolerance of maize grown on salt-affected fields. The selected rhizobacterial isolates reduced or eliminated the classical “triple” response, indicating their ability to reduce stress-induced ethylene levels. Results showed that rhizobacterial strains, particularly Pseudomonas and Enterobacter spp., significantly promoted the growth and yield of maize compared with the non-inoculated control. Pseudomonas fluorescens increased plant height, biomass, cob yield, grain yield, 1000 grain mass, and straw yield of maize up to 29%, 127%, 67%, 60%, 17%, and 166%, respectively, over the control. Under stress conditions, more N, P, and K uptake and high K+–Na+ ratios were recorded in inoculated plants compared with the control. The results imply that inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase could be a useful approach for improving growth and yield of maize under salt-stressed conditions.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Regulator-Brassinolide for Mitigating Field Waterlogging Stress on Maize

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Victoria Otie ◽  
AN Ping ◽  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Egrinya Eneji
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Plants

Aim: To assess the pleiotropic role of a plant growth regulator, commercially identified as brassinolide (BR) in mitigating waterlogging stress imposed on maize. Study Design: A factorial combination of two maize varieties [Ikom White (IKW) and Oba-98], two BR levels (0 and 250 ml) and two waterlogging stages of maize growth [control (WL0) and seedling stage (WL1)], arranged as a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Place and Duration of Study: Akpabuyo Local Government Area, Cross River State-Nigeria. A two-year field experiment was conducted during the dry seasons of December 2016 and December 2017. Methodology: Waterlogging test was conducted on plots by demarcating them with 3.6 by 1.7 m metal sheets buried to a depth of 60 cm to prevent lateral soil-water movement. Two maize seeds were sown at 25 cm within and 75 cm between rows. The BR (250 ml) was sprayed foliar at 21 DAS. The non-waterlogging plots served as control. Observations were made on growth and yield variables as well as the plant's physiological traits. Results: Waterlogging significantly reduced the growth attributes of maize and increased (p≤0.05) the leaf moisture content. The photosynthetically active radiation on maize plants was substantially reduced (p≤0.05) by the waterlogging stress. Dry matter yield (DMY) and nutrient uptake in the leaves, stems and grains were reduced (p≤0.05) at both silking and at harvest. The effect of the BR was greater in Oba-98 with higher nutrient contents, radiation absorption, dry matter and grain yields than IKW. Conclusion: Treatment of maize plants with BR could induce some tolerance of field waterlogging. Thus, for optimum efficiency in maize production under stressed soil condition of waterlogging, it is recommended that the foliar spray of BR at the 250 ml per plant rate be considered.

Evaluation of auxin-responsive genes in soybean for detection of off-target plant growth regulator herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Kelley ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Kris N. Lambert ◽  
Dean E. Riechers
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Responsive Gene ◽  
Soybean Leaves

The expression of a candidate auxin-responsive gene was evaluated for use in a diagnostic assay for plant growth regulator (PGR) herbicide injury in soybean leaves. Expression ofGH3, a primary auxin-responsive gene, was evaluated in response to dicamba and clopyralid at the RNA and protein levels, and proteomic analysis evaluated global expression of proteins in response to dicamba. Expression ofGH3was also analyzed in response to heat, drought, salt stress, and infection by soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) to determine the specificity ofGH3expression as a diagnostic marker for PGR herbicide injury. At the RNA level,GH3was strongly induced by dicamba and clopyralid within 8 h after application. Expression peaked 1 to 3 d after treatment (DAT) in response to 10% and 1% of a labeled dose of dicamba and clopyralid, with higher expression levels detected at higher herbicide rates. At the protein level, GH3 expression was also strongly induced at 1, 2, and 3 DAT by 10% vs. 1% of a labeled dose of dicamba and clopyralid. Heat, drought, and salt stress and infection with SMV or BPMV had no effect onGH3expression at either the RNA or protein level. Proteomic analysis identified three proteins that were up-regulated in response to dicamba. Two were induced for less than 7 DAT, and a third was identified as a stress-response enzyme (superoxide dismutase) that is likely not specific to PGR herbicide injury. Expression ofGH3was highly induced by PGR herbicides at the RNA and protein level and was not affected by environmental stresses or viral infection, indicating thatGH3expression has excellent potential for use in a diagnostic assay for PGR herbicide injury.

THE EFFECT OF A SEAWEED EXTRACT CONTAINING CYTOKININ ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF BARLEY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. TAYLOR ◽  
K. N. HARKER ◽  
J. M. ROBERTSON ◽  
K. R. FOSTER
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Seaweed Extracts

A cytokinin-containing seaweed extract, Nitrozyme™ (Nitrozyme1), was tested under field conditions over 4 yr for its effects on the growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In 1986 and 1987, Nitrozyme did not increase yield and had no beneficial effects on growth of Harrington and Bonanza barley. In 1988 and 1989, the effects of Nitrozyme on barley (cv. Leduc) were compared against those of kinetin, a synthetic cytokinin. Neither Nitrozyme nor kinetin had an effect on growth or yield.Key words: Nitrozyme, seaweed extracts, cytokinins, kinetin, plant growth regulator, Hordeum vulgare L.

scholarly journals Plant growth regulators promote growth and yield of summer tomato (lycopersicone sculentum Mill.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rahman ◽  
MA Nahar ◽  
MS Sahariar ◽  
MR Karim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to test the impact of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of summer tomato. The experiment consisted of two tomato varieties viz. BARI Hybrid Tomato-4 and BARI Hybrid Tomato-8 and four types of plant growth regulator (PGR)viz.,(i) control (without PGR), (ii) 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid), GA3 (gibberellic acid) and 4-CPA +GA3. The two-factor experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the experiment revealed that significant variations were observed for most of the characters studied. At 75 DAT, the tallest plant (79.35 cm), number of flowers and fruits (38.11 and 19.04, respectively) plant-1, individual weight (58.44 g) and fruit yield (22.75 t ha-1) were found in BARI Hybrid Tomato-8.At 75 DAT the maximum plant height (87.90 cm), number of flowers and fruits (49.04 and 21.9, respectively) plant-1, individual fruit weight (61.16 g), and fruit yield (27.28 tha-1) were found when 4-CPA + GA3 applied together, whereas the minimum for these characters were recorded from control plants. In case of combined effect of variety and plant growth regulator, the maximum plant height (87.90 cm), number of flowers and fruits (49.04 and 21.91, respectively) plant-1, individual fruit weight (61.16 g) and fruit yield (27.28 t ha-1) were observed in BARI Hybrid Tomato-8 when treated with 4-CPA + GA3together, and the minimum for all these parameters were found in control plants. The results of the present study suggest thatboth 4-CAP and GA3together can be practiced for increasing summer tomato production for both the varieties.Progressive Agriculture 26:32-37, 2015

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