scholarly journals Inflammation in Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13471
Author(s):  
Marios Sagris ◽  
Panagiotis Theofilis ◽  
Alexios S. Antonopoulos ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Christina Paschaliori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Chronic low-grade inflammation is involved in coronary atherosclerosis, presenting multiple clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to stable angina, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Coronary microvasculature consists of vessels with a diameter less than 500μm, whose potential structural and functional abnormalities can lead to inappropriate dilatation and an inability to meet the required myocardium oxygen demands. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction and the capability of non-invasive screening methods to detect the phenomenon. Anti-inflammatory agents, such as statins and immunomodulators, including anakinra, tocilizumab, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, have been assessed recently and may constitute additional or alternative treatment approaches to reduce cardiovascular events in atherosclerotic heart disease characterized by coronary microvascular dysfunction.

scholarly journals Cardiorenal Syndrome in Hypertensive Rats: Microalbuminuria, Inflammation and Ventricular Hypertrophy

2012 ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MOUBARAK ◽  
H. JABBOUR ◽  
V. SMAYRA ◽  
E. CHOUERY ◽  
Y. SALIBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The aim of our study was to evaluate a possible association between microalbuminuria (MA), several low-grade inflammation factors and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by using a pharmacological approach. This may provide new insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) linking early renal impairment with elevated cardiovascular risk. Two kidney-one clip (2K-1C) renovascular hypertension was induced in 24 male Wistar rats (220-250 g). After the development of hypertension, rats were divided into four groups: 2K-1C (untreated), calcium channel blocker (amlodipine-treated), angiotensin receptor blocker (losartan-treated) and peripheral vasodilator (hydralazine-treated), which were treated for 10 weeks. Rats in the 2K-1C group had all developed hypertension, a significant increase in plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Moreover MA and creatininaemia underwent a significant increase. Under treatment decreases were observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP), TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, BNP concentrations and creatininaemia. These results were related to the absence of MA which was significantly associated with reductions in cardiac mass and hypertrophy markers (BNP and β-MHC gene expression) as well as renal interstitial inflammation. In conclusion, our results suggest that the reduction of MA is correlated with the decrease of the inflammatory components and seems to play an important role in protecting against cardiac hypertrophy and renal injury.

scholarly journals Time-Specific Associations of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels and Polymorphisms (−850 C/T or −308 G/A) With Suicidal Ideation in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Ju Kang ◽  
Ju-Wan Kim ◽  
Ju-Yeon Lee ◽  
Sung-Wan Kim ◽  
Il-Seon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: Considering the association of inflammation with suicide and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), we investigated the individual and interactive effects of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (sTNFα) levels and two polymorphisms (−850 C/T and −308 G/A) on suicidal ideation (SI) after ACS.Methods: The SI status using items on the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), related covariates including sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, sTNFα levels, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) polymorphisms were evaluated in 969 patients within 2 weeks after ACS. Of the patients, 711 were evaluated 1 year later for SI. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate individual and interactive associations after adjusting for the covariates.Results: Higher (vs. lower) sTNFα levels and the −850 C/T or T/T (vs. C/C) polymorphism were significantly associated with SI 2 weeks after ACS, while only higher sTNFα levels were significantly associated with SI after 1 year. Significant interactive effects were detected between sTNFα (higher) levels and the −850 C/T (C/C or C/T) polymorphism on SI 2 weeks after ACS and between the two (−850 CC or CT and −308 G/A or AA) polymorphisms on SI 1 year after ACS.Conclusions: The sTNFα level and two polymorphisms (−850C/T and −308 G/A), separately or in combination, could be time-specific biomarkers for SI in ACS. Focused interventions for ACS patients at risk of SI might reduce the suicidal burden in patients with ACS.

PET-CT and detection of coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 421-434
Author(s):  
Marcelo F. Di Carli
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Atherosclerotic Burden ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Artery Disease

Myocardial perfusion PET/CT imaging has emerged as a powerful and comprehensive non-invasive approach for the management of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD). The multiparametric PET/CT approach provides quantitative information about the extent and severity of focal and diffuse CAD, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), atherosclerotic burden, and left ventricular function. Contemporary evidence demonstrates that this comprehensive approach is one of the most accurate non-invasive tools for diagnosis, risk prediction, and guiding management in patients with CAD. This chapter summarizes the versatility of the integrated PET/CT scan to provide detailed quantitative information tailored to the patient and clinical question. I then review patient-centred clinical applications using case vignettes to illustrate indications of PET/CT and how to present the findings into clinically actionable information for the practising cardiologist. In each case, I review the available data highlighting the diagnostic and prognostic value of the integrated PET/CT protocol.

TNFα signalling predicts poor prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073
Author(s):  
Verena Wieser ◽  
Samira Abdel Azim ◽  
Susanne Sprung ◽  
Katharina Knoll ◽  
Johanna Kögl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Western World ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecologic tumour in the Western world. Previous studies have implicated an imbalance of oestrogens and progestogens in the development of most ECs, while the role of low-grade tissue inflammation remains largely unexplored. We investigated the impact of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a central mediator of inflammation and spermatogenesis-associated protein 2 (SPATA2), a regulator of TNF receptor signalling, on clinical outcomes in EC. We evaluated TNFA and SPATA2 transcript levels in 239 EC patients and 25 non-malignant control tissues. Findings were validated in a cohort of 332 EC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Expression of TNFA and SPATA2 was increased in EC when compared with control tissues (P < 0.001). TNFA expression correlated with SPATA2 expression in non-malignant (P = 0.003, rS = 0.568) and EC tissue (P = 0.005, rS = 0.179). High TNFA and SPATA2 expression were associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS; P = 0.049 and P = 0.018) and disease-specific (P = 0.034 and P = 0.002) survival. Increased SPATA2 expression was also associated with decreased overall survival (OS; P = 0.013). In multivariate analysis, both TNFA and SPATA2 were predictors of clinical outcome. The impact of SPATA2 on RFS and OS could be validated in the TCGA cohort. Our study demonstrates that ECs exhibit a TNF signature which predicts clinical outcome. These findings indicate that TNF signalling modulates the course of EC, which could be therapeutically utilized in the future.

Effects of psoriasis treatment on genital warts: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 828-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Campoli ◽  
Elisa Cinotti ◽  
Michele Fimiani ◽  
Michele Pellegrino ◽  
Linda Tognetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha

The use of immunosuppressive drugs predisposes to infections, as they block the most important stage in antiviral defense, which is the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte HLA-dependent response. We report a case of extensive genital warts in a young woman on therapy for psoriasis with cyclosporine, afterwards successfully treated with an anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) agent. Cyclosporine may predispose to the reactivation of latent infections and may favor the clinical manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases, due to the inhibition of cell-mediated immunity that plays a crucial role in controlling HPV infections. In the literature the relationship between HPV and TNF-blockers has not yet been clearly defined. Our case underlines that the prompt interruption of cyclosporine can induce a complete regression of warts without any additional treatment and adds evidence to the possible use of anti-TNF-α in patients with psoriasis and genital warts.

scholarly journals Serum IL-12 Is Increased in Mexican Obese Subjects and Associated with Low-Grade Inflammation and Obesity-Related Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Suárez-Álvarez ◽  
L. Solís-Lozano ◽  
S. Leon-Cabrera ◽  
A. González-Chávez ◽  
G. Gómez-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Interleukin-(IL-) 12 has been recently suggested to participate during development of insulin resistance in obese mice. Nevertheless, serum IL-12 levels have not been accurately determined in overweight and obese humans. We thus studied serum concentrations of IL-12 in Mexican adult individuals, examining their relationship with low-grade inflammation and obesity-related parameters. A total of 147 healthy individuals, 43 normal weight, 61 overweight, and 43 obese subjects participated in the study. Circulating levels of IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured after overnight fasting in all of the study subjects. Waist circumference and body fat percentage were recorded for all the participants. Serum IL-12 was significantly higher in overweight and obese individuals than in normal weight controls. Besides being strongly related with body mass index (r=0.5154), serum IL-12 exhibited a significant relationship with abdominal obesity (r=0.4481), body fat percentage (r=0.5625), serum glucose (r=0.3158), triglyceride (r=0.3714), and TNF-α(r=0.4717). Thus, serum levels of IL-12 are increased in overweight and obese individuals and show a strong relationship with markers of low-grade inflammation and obesity in the Mexican adult population. Further research is needed to understand the role of IL-12 in developing obesity-associated alterations in humans.

scholarly journals POST-COVID-19 SYNDROME, INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND SEX DIFFERENCES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MERYAM MAAMAR ◽  
ARANCHA ARTIME ◽  
EMILIO PARIENTE RODRIGO ◽  
PATRICIA FIERRO ◽  
YOLANDA RUIZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Primary Care Center ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Serum Crp ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is a poorly-known entity. Underlying low-grade inflammation (LGI) has been theorized as one of its pathophysiological mechanisms. We aimed to investigate a possible relationship between PCS and an increase in inflammation markers, in a sex-stratified analysis. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Mild cases of COVID-19 according to the WHO classification followed-up in a Primary Care Center, were included. We collected epidemiological data (age, sex, body mass index -BMI-, smoking, and comorbidities -Charlson index-), variables of the acute COVID-19 episode, and data at 3 months of follow-up (clinical manifestations and inflammatory markers). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels were analyzed. Low-grade inflammation (LGI) was defined as serum CRP between >0.3 and <1.0 mg/dL. Five composite indices were built combining the upper ranges of 4 markers. Bivariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression and general linear models) were performed, stratified by sex. RESULTS We analyzed 121 subjects with mild COVID-19 (56.2% women; mean age 46 years). The most common symptom in the acute episode was fever (60.3%), while it was fatigue in PCS (42.8%). Prevalence of PCS was 35.8% in women and 20.8% in men (p = 0.07). In women, after controlling for age, BMI, smoking, and comorbidities, the D1, D3, and D4 indices were consistently associated with PCS, with ORs of 5.14 (95% CI, 1.6-16.4), 4.20 (95% CI, 1.3- 13.3), and 4.12 (95% CI, 1.3-13.1), respectively; in patients with post-COVID anosmia and ageusia, neutrophils were significantly elevated (3.43 ± 0.3 vs 2.58 ± 0.1; p = 0.014, and 3.89 ±0.3 vs 2.59 ± 0.1; p = 0.002, respectively), after adjusting for confounders. In men, the D2 and D5 indices were associated with PCS, with adjusted ORs of 10.1 (95% CI, 1.2- 85) and 17.5 (95% CI, 2-153), respectively; furthermore, serum CRP in the LGI range was associated with PCS [adjusted OR=12.9 (95% CI, 1.3-121)], and in post-COVID persistent fatigue, the neutrophil count was significantly elevated (4.68 ± 0.6 vs 3.37 ± 0.1; p = 0.041), after controlling for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Consistent associations among PCS, anosmia, ageusia, and fatigue, with slight -but significant- elevated levels of inflammatory markers, have been observed. The neutrophil count was the most frequently involved marker. Sex-stratified analyses showed relevant differences between women and men concerning PCS and serum inflammatory markers.

scholarly journals Serum Levels of Interleukin-13 Increase in Subjects with Insulin Resistance but Do Not Correlate with Markers of Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo P. Martínez-Reyes ◽  
Angélica Y. Gómez-Arauz ◽  
Israel Torres-Castro ◽  
Aarón N. Manjarrez-Reyna ◽  
León F. Palomera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Relationship Of

Experimental evidence in mice suggests a role for interleukin- (IL-) 13 in insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation. However, IL-13 serum levels have not been assessed in subjects with insulin resistance, and associations of IL-13 with parameters of low-grade systemic inflammation are still unknown. Our main goal was to examine the systemic levels of IL-13 in patients with insulin resistance, while also studying the relationship of IL-13 with anthropometric, metabolic, and low-grade systemic inflammatory markers. Ninety-two participants were included in the study and divided into insulin-resistant patients and noninsulin-resistant controls. Blood levels of IL-13, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, proinflammatory (Mon-CD11c+CD206−), and anti-inflammatory (Mon-CD11c−CD206+) monocytes, as well as anthropometric parameters, were measured in all volunteers. Insulin-resistant patients showed 2.5-fold higher serum levels of IL-13 than controls (P<0.0001) and significantly increased values of TNF-α and Mon-CD11c+CD206−, with concomitant reductions in IL-10 and Mon-CD11c−CD206+. Increased IL-13 was extraordinarily well associated with hyperglycemia (r=0.7362) and hypertriglyceridemia (r=0.7632) but unexpectedly exhibited no significant correlations with TNF-α (r=0.2907), IL-10 (r=−0.3882), Mon-CD11c+CD206− (r=0.2745) or Mon-CD11c−CD206+ (r=−0.3237). This study demonstrates that IL-13 serum levels are elevated in patients with insulin resistance without showing correlation with parameters of low-grade systemic inflammation.

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