scholarly journals Development of New Collagen/Clay Composite Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Maria Minodora Marin ◽  
Raluca Ianchis ◽  
Rebeca Leu Alexa ◽  
Ioana Catalina Gifu ◽  
Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Helical Conformation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Nanoparticles ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Swelling Studies ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Clay Type ◽  
Composite Biomaterials

The fabrication of collagen-based biomaterials for skin regeneration offers various challenges for tissue engineers. The purpose of this study was to obtain a novel series of composite biomaterials based on collagen and several types of clays. In order to investigate the influence of clay type on drug release behavior, the obtained collagen-based composite materials were further loaded with gentamicin. Physiochemical and biological analyses were performed to analyze the obtained nanocomposite materials after nanoclay embedding. Infrared spectra confirmed the inclusion of clay in the collagen polymeric matrix without any denaturation of triple helical conformation. All the composite samples revealed a slight change in the 2-theta values pointing toward a homogenous distribution of clay layers inside the collagen matrix with the obtaining of mainly intercalated collagen-clay structures, according X-ray diffraction analyses. The porosity of collagen/clay composite biomaterials varied depending on clay nanoparticles sort. Thermo-mechanical analyses indicated enhanced thermal and mechanical features for collagen composites as compared with neat type II collagen matrix. Biodegradation findings were supported by swelling studies, which indicated a more crosslinked structure due additional H bonding brought on by nanoclays. The biology tests demonstrated the influence of clay type on cellular viability but also on the antimicrobial behavior of composite scaffolds. All nanocomposite samples presented a delayed gentamicin release when compared with the collagen-gentamicin sample. The obtained results highlighted the importance of clay type selection as this affects the performances of the collagen-based composites as promising biomaterials for future applications in the biomedical field.

A New Cationic Shale Inhibitor and Water Blocking Agent for Water-Based Drilling Fluid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Heed ◽  
Mobeen Murtaza ◽  
Sayed Hussain ◽  
Rahul Gajbhiye
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Water Blocking ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
Clay Layers

Abstract Drilling a shale formation is one of the challenges faced by the petroleum industry. Designing the drilling fluid, that reduces the interaction with shale, is important for safe and efficient drilling. This study investigates the new cationic surfactant as a shale inhibitor for the drilling fluid. The main objective of this study is to block the water penetration into the clay layers using the new shale inhibitor and evaluate its performance with commercial shale inhibitors. To assess the performance of new cationic surfactant two reliable clay sources were considered. The first source is from unconventional Qusiba (Kaolinite) formation in Saudi Arabia and the second is a commercial Bentonite. The effect of new cationic formulation on preventing clay swelling were tested using API dynamic swelling meter at reservoir condition. Further, X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis were performed to ensure clay stability before exposing it to WBM and after exposure for cation exchange phenomenon, shape and size of the particle and efficacy of water penetration blockage. The results were also compared with commercial shale inhibitor. The results show that the new cationic surfactant can act as a shale inhibitor as well as water blocking agent. It also showed acceptable performance compare with common shale inhibitors used in the industry, the performance can be further improved by optimizing the percentage of surfactant addition to the drilling fluid. This study provides the new cationic surfactant and proved to have good feature for oilfield applications and the cationity which is helping to reduce the water shale interactions.

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Flame Retardant

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Wei Jia ◽  
Min Zhi Rong ◽  
Ming Qiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Regular Structure ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Helical Conformation ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

A novel flame retardant polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) was successfully obtained via combination of non-hydrolytic and hydrolytic sol-gel routes. Chemical structure of the resultant PMSQ was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and powder X-ray diffraction, respectively. All the measurements demonstrated that the product possessed regular structure with chain-to-chain width of 0.87nm and chain thickness of 0.40nm. Weight average molecular weight of PMSQ was measured to be 3.5×105 using gel permeation chromatography. Numerical simulations of the molecular structure suggested that PMSQ should exhibit cis-isotactic configuration and double helical conformation at undisturbed condition.

Preparation and Characterization of Ionic Liquild Modified Clay and its Application in Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 1588-1592
Author(s):  
Li Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Modified Clay ◽  
Solution Blending ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Poly Propylene

Clay was organically modified with one kind of ionic liquild. Organical clay obtained was used to prepare poly(propylene) (PP)/clay nanocomposites by solution blending. Flourier transform infrared (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the ionic liquild was loaded in the galleries of organically modified clay. TGA result show the thermal stability of organically modified clay was superior to clay. XRD patterns indicated that the d-spacing of clay layers increased to 2.96 nm from 1.22 nm of clay. XRD patterns of PP/clay nanocomposites show that clay layers were dispersed in PP matrix by nanometer size.

The structure and diagenetic transformation of illite-smectite and chlorite-smectite from North Sea Cretaceous-Tertiary chalk

Clay Minerals ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lindgreen ◽  
V. A. Drits ◽  
B. A. Sakharov ◽  
H. J . Jakobsen ◽  
A. L. Salyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
State Process ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Multicomponent Program ◽  
Structural Formulae ◽  
Clay Layers

AbstractIllite-smectite (I-S) mixed-layer minerals from North Sea oil fields and a Danish outcrop were investigated to determine the detailed structure and the diagenetic clay transformation. Clay layers in the chalk and residues obtained by dissolution of the chalk matrix at pH 5 were investigated. The phase compositions and layer sequences were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) including simulation with a multicomponent program. The structural formulae were determined from chemical analysis, infrared (IR) and 27Al NMR spectroscopies and XRD, and the particle shape by atomic force microscopy (AFM). A high-smectitic (HS) I-S phase and a lowsmectitic (LS) illite-smectite-chlorite (I-S-Ch) phase, both dioctahedral, together constitute 80 – 90% of each sample. However, two samples contain significant amounts of tosudite and of Ch-Serpentine (Sr), respectively. Most of the clay layers have probably formed by dissolution of the chalk, but one Campanian and one Santonian clay layer in well Baron 2 may have a sedimentary origin. The HS and LS minerals are probably of detrital origin. Early diagenesis has taken place through a fixation of Mg in brucite interlayers in the LS phase, this solid-state process forming di-trioctahedral chlorite layers. During later diagenesis involving dissolution of the HS phase, neoformation of a tosudite or of a random mixed-layer trioctahedral chlorite-berthierine took place. In the tosudite, brucite-like sheets are regularly interstratified with smectite interlayers between dioctahedral 2:1 layers, resulting in ditrioctahedral chlorite layers.

Clay Layer Fabric and Oedometer Consolidation of a Soft Varved Clay

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Quigley ◽  
T. A. Ogunbadejo
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Preconsolidation Pressure ◽  
Soil Structures ◽  
Soil Fabric ◽  
Structural Breakdown ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Glacial Clays

The oedometer consolidation properties of the clay layers of varved sediments from New Liskeard, Ontario have been presented and interpreted with reference to current ideas on soil fabric, bonding, and environment of deposition. The sensitive, brittle nature of the clays is expressed by Cc values as high as 1.35 and "S" shaped consolidation curves. Preconsolidation above any previous possible overburden pressure is explained by bonding of a net random, flocculated fabric as measured by X-ray diffraction methods. Rates of secondary consolidation up to 4.5%/log cycle at loads close to the preconsolidation pressure reflect structural breakdown of the soil fabric within a very critical range of stress and strain.The flocculated soil structure at New Liskeard is compared with the more parallel fabric of the compositionally similar stratified glacial clays at Welland, Ontario. It is suggested that both deposits developed flocculated soil structures during deposition but that the Welland clays were deposited and loaded more rapidly so that time dependent bonding could not develop to resist compression and retain the open structure as at New Liskeard and most other slowly deposited varved clays in eastern Canada. A literature review is presented in support of these ideas.

Intercalation and Characterization of Kaolinite Amazon to Production Polymer Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 912 ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
José Costa de Macêdo Neto ◽  
João Evangelista Neto ◽  
Ricardo Wilson Cruz ◽  
Eduardo Rafael Barreda ◽  
Nayra Reis do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Natural Clays ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polymer nanocomposites using natural clays such as nanofiller have mechanical properties, flame-retardant, the gas barrier improvement compared to polymers without nanoclay. The aim of this work is intercalated molecules between the clay layers and characterize it with a view to its use in polymer nanocomposites. The kaolinite neat and modified used was characterized by fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XDR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry (TGA). The results showed that kaolinite can be used as a nanofiller in polymer nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Chondrocyte proliferation is promoted by 7-H-pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine via up-regulation of type II collagen matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-689
Author(s):  
Jinsong Chen ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Junwu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chondrocyte Proliferation

Purpose: To investigate the effect of 7-H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative (7-HPPD) on the viability of chondrocytes in vitro, and to elucidate the associated mechanisms.Methods: Chondrocyte proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay while cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining assays were used to determine protein levels.Results: The results show that 7-HPPD significantly increased the proliferation rate of chondrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The proportion of chondrocytes in S phase increased significantly with subsequent reduction in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle on treatment with 7-HPPD (p <0.05). Thus, 7-HPPD increased the rate of chondrocyte proliferation by promoting transition through G1/S phase of cell cycle. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis revealed that treatment of chondrocytes with 7-HPPD caused a marked increase in the level of cyclin D1, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)-4 and CDK6 proteins (p < 0.05). Western blot and immunohistochemical staining assays showed that 7-HPPD treatment caused a significant increase in the levels of type II collagen matrix in the chondrocytes.Conclusion: Proliferation of chondrocytes is increased by 7-HPPD and this occurs by facilitating G1/S phase transition and increasing expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 proteins. Therefore, 7-HPPD may be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, Type II collagen, G1/S phase, Cyclin D1, Osteoarthritis

Properties of Thermal Conductivity on Polyimide/Clay Nanocomposite Foams

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Eunk Young Kim ◽  
Seung Yong Jeong ◽  
Gyo Jic Shin ◽  
Sang Kug Lee ◽  
Kyung Ho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Effect ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Insulating Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymer Clay Nanocomposite ◽  
Nanocomposite Foams ◽  
Polyimide Matrix ◽  
Clay Layers

We synthesized polyimide (based on ODA-PMDA) and polyimide foam and polyimide/clay foam that pore size was uniform about 1㎛. We identified that the clay layers are well dispersed in polyimide matrix and achieved exfoliation structure by X-ray diffraction. And we compared thermal conductivity of PI, PI foam, PI/clay foam. Thermal conductivity decreased up to maximum 28 % by introducing both pores and clay layers. Exfoliated structure of clay leads to decrease of thermal conductivity by thermal barrier effect. Also, the presence of clay could considerably reinforce the poor mechanical properties of polyimide by foam because of interfacial interaction between clay layers and polymer matrix. Through the this results, it has shown that this study may provide an effective method to prepare polymer/clay nanocomposite foams having exfoliation structure, and can be used as insulating material having low thermal conductivity.

Preparation and Thermal Stability of Pyrrole and m-Toluidine Copolymer/Montmorillonite Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 780-783
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Ming Tian Li ◽  
Yue Lu ◽  
Di Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemical Polymerization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Pyrrole and m-toluidine copolymer (P(PY/MT)) / montmorillonite (MMT) Composites were prepared by in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole with m-toluidine monomer in the presence of montmorillonite. The structural, morphological and thermal properties of these composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). X-ray diffraction result for P(PY/MT)-MMT illuminated the intercalation of P(PY/MT) copolymer between the clay layers. The FT-IR result showed the successful incorporation of montmorillonite clay in the prepared P(PY/MT)/MMT composite. The higher thermal stability of high MMT content rate might be attributed to its higher chain compactness due to the interfacial interaction between the P(PY/MT) and the clay.

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