scholarly journals Anti-Cancer Immune Reaction and Lymph Node Macrophage; A Review from Human and Animal Studies

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Komohara ◽  
Toshiki Anami ◽  
Kenichi Asano ◽  
Yukio Fujiwara ◽  
Junji Yatsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node Sinus ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs that appear as bean-like nodules usually <1 cm in size, and they are localized throughout the body. Many antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages reside in lymph nodes, where they mediate host defense responses against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. In cancers, antigen-presenting cells induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to react to cancer cell-derived antigens. Macrophages located in the lymph node sinus are of particular interest in relation to anti-cancer immune responses because many studies using both human specimens and animal models have suggested that lymph node macrophages expressing CD169 play a key role in activating anti-cancer CTLs. The regulation of lymph node macrophages therefore represents a potentially promising novel approach in anti-cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Anti-cancer Immune Reaction and Lymph Node Macrophage; A Review from Human and Animal Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Komohara ◽  
Toshiki Anami ◽  
Kenichi Asano ◽  
Yukio Fujiwara ◽  
Junji Yatsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node Sinus ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs that appear as bean-like nodules usually &lt;1 cm in size, and they are localized throughout the body. Many antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages reside in lymph nodes, where they mediate host defense responses against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. In cancers, antigen-presenting cells induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to react to cancer cell&ndash;derived antigens. Macrophages located in the lymph node sinus are of particular interest in relation to anti-cancer immune responses because many studies using both human specimens and animal models have suggested that lymph node macrophages play a key role in activating anti-cancer CTLs. The regulation of lymph node macrophages therefore represents a potentially promising novel approach in anti-cancer therapy.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals The effect of coal-derived humic substances and their silver-containing bionanocomposites on arginine balance in peritoneal macrophages of intact mice

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
E. S. Trofimova ◽  
M. V. Zykova ◽  
M. G. Danilets ◽  
A. A. Ligacheva ◽  
E. Yu. Sherstoboev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Background. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), especially macrophages, play an important role in the body defense against various pathogens. Their dysfunction and polarization are associated with most inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The inflammatory process is regulated by activation and / or inhibition of genes differentially expressed by macrophages. Successful correction of inflammation leads firstly to elimination of inflammatory stimuli and then to remodeling and restoration of tissues and organs. It was experimentally confirmed that silvercontaining bionanocomposites based on natural humic substances (HS) obtained from coal of different origin, as well as initial matrices of these HS, are capable of activating pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of macrophages.Aim. To study cytotoxic, pyrogenic, and immunomodulatory properties (arginine balance) of initial HS samples and samples of silver nanoparticles ultradispersed in these HS matrices (HS-AgNPs) in the cell culture of peritoneal macrophages, as well as their effect on pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of APCs.Materials and methods. Cultural and biochemical methods were used in the study.Results. The study showed that the samples CHE-K, CHE-AgNPs, CHS-K, and CHP-K increased M1 macrophage polarization due to stimulation of the NO-synthase activity and inhibition of arginase. The samples CHI-K, CHIAgNPs, CHP-AgNPs, and CHS-AgNPs modulated an alternative M2 or M2-like state of macrophage activation. At the same time, HS are not cytotoxic at effective concentrations, and three out of four studied samples did not contain pyrogenic impurities.Conclusion. The use of HS and their silver-containing bionanocomposites, which have the ability to greatly affect the polarization of antigen-presenting cells, is a promising research area in correction of the inflammatory response for solving an important social and medical problem of treating chronic wounds. 

Comparison of Standard Distal Pancreatectomy and Splenectomy with Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Trottman ◽  
Katrina Swett ◽  
Perry Shen ◽  
Joseph Sirintrapun
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Distal Pancreatectomy ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymph Node Count ◽  
Standard Resection ◽  
Lymph Node Retrieval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy

Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) has been reported to provide improved margin resection and lymph node retrieval for tumors of the body and tail of the pancreas compared with standard resection. We examined our experience with RAMPS and standard resection to determine differences in clinicopathologic outcomes. A comparison of RAMPS procedures was made to standard distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy examining various clinicopathologic variables through retrospective chart review. Twenty-six patients underwent distal pancreatectomy with or without splenectomy between November 2004 and June 2011. Twenty patients underwent standard resection and six patients underwent RAMPS procedures for a variety of histologies. As a result of the heterogeneity of diseases, which included benign lesions, margin status was not applicable in some cases and therefore was not assessed overall. Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum tests demonstrated a significant difference in number of lymph nodes removed with mean of 4.3 and 11.2 lymph nodes obtained for standard resection and RAMPS, respectively ( P = 0.03). The RAMPS procedure for lesions of the body and tail of the pancreas retrieved significantly more lymph nodes than standard distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. It should be the preferred surgical approach when lymph node count is important for tumor staging.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM IN THE REJECTION OF HOMOGRAFTS: A STUDY OF LYMPH FROM RENAL TRANSPLANTS

1970 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels C. Pedersen ◽  
Bede Morris
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Renal Lymph ◽  
Peritubular Capillaries ◽  
Blast Cells

The rejection of renal homografts has been studied in sheep by transplanting kidneys into the neck and preserving the renal lymphatic drainage intact. Chronic fistulae were established in the transplanted renal lymphatics and lymph collected throughout the life of the graft. The changes that occurred in homografts during the process of rejection were reflected in changes in the lymph. Large numbers of basophilic, blast, lymphoid cells appeared in the lymph, and lymph production in the grafted kidney increased 20–50 fold. Over a period of about 10 days, up to 60 g wet weight of lymphoid cells and up to 10 liters of lymph were collected from the graft. Within 24 hr of grafting, the host cells present in the renal lymph had become sensitized to the graft and transformed into blast cells when cultivated in Millipore chambers in vitro. When the cells leaving the graft during the first 18–48 hr were injected into distant nonstimulated lymph nodes of the host sheep, they evoked significant cellular and antibody responses in the nodes. Within the graft, the main pathological changes were found in the vascular endothelium and many of the peritubular capillaries become plugged with emboli comprised of blast cells. There was extensive infiltration of the renal parenchyma with lymphoid cells and evidence of their transformation and proliferation within the renal blood capillaries. When all the lymph and cells leaving the homograft were diverted from the body, there was a greatly decreased reaction in the regional prescapular lymph node, and no reaction in lymph nodes distant from the graft. In these circumstances, the survival of the graft was not prolonged, and it was rejected without involvement of the lymph nodes of the host. Humoral antibody was produced in the lymph node regional to the homograft within 48–60 hr of grafting. Antibody was not detected in the blood or in the renal lymph until near to the time the graft was rejected. It was thought that this was due to the binding of antibody by the kidney graft tissue. We conclude that all the events which lead to the recognition and rejection of renal homografts can occur centrally within the graft itself.

scholarly journals Histopathological Evaluation of Lymph Node Biopsies: A Hospital Based Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Mamun Ali Biswas ◽  
Syeda Tasfia Siddika ◽  
Abdul Mannan Sikder
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common manifestation of a large variety of disorders,both benign and malignant. It is essential to define the pattern of disorders presenting primarily as lymph node enlargement in a particular environment. Histopathological examination of the lymph node biopsies is a gold standard test in the distinction between reactive and malignant lymphoid proliferations as well as for detailed subtyping oflymphomas. We designed this study in our population for histopathological evaluation of lymph nodes that might be helpful for clinical management of these lesions. Objective: Histopathological evaluation of lymphadenopathy from excised specimen, in relation to ageand sex of the patients, and distribution of the lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, Enam MedicalCollege & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka during the period from January 2006 to December 2010. Lymph node biopsies of all patients of both sexes and all age groups were included.Metastatic lymph nodes associated with evidence of primaries elsewhere in the body were excluded from the study. Total 191 lymph node biopsies were selected for histopathological evaluation. Among these 90 (47.12%) were from males and 101 (52.88%) were from females with male to female ratio being 1:2.1. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 85 years with a mean age of 35.73 ± 18 years. Results: Cervical lymph nodes were the most common (56%) biopsied group. Of the 191 cases 59 cases (30.89%) were reactive lymphadenitis, 64 cases (33.5%) were tuberculosis, 2 cases (1.05%) were non-caseous granuloma, 11 cases (5.76%) were Hodgkin lymphoma, 22 cases (11.52%) were non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 24 cases (12.57%) were metastatic neoplasm and 9 cases (4.7%) were other lesions.Conclusion: Tuberculosis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy, followed by reactive lymphadenitis and the cervical group of lymph nodes was most frequently affected. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11915 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1):8 -14

scholarly journals Role for Nitric Oxide in Hookworm-Associated Immune Suppression

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 2560-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaise Dondji ◽  
Richard D. Bungiro ◽  
Lisa M. Harrison ◽  
Jon J. Vermeire ◽  
Carlo Bifulco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Proliferative Capacity ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Antigen Presenting

ABSTRACT Hookworm infection is a major cause of anemia and malnutrition in resource-poor countries. Human and animal studies suggest that infection with these intestinal nematodes is associated with impaired cellular immunity, characterized by reduced lymphocyte proliferation in response to both parasite and heterologous antigens. We report here data from studies aimed at defining mechanisms through which hookworms modulate the host cellular immune response. Splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells from hamsters infected with Ancylostoma ceylanicum showed minimal proliferation in response to mitogen at days 20 and 30 postinfection (p.i.), with partial recovery noted at day 70 p.i. The proliferative capacity of enriched splenocyte T-cell preparations from infected animals following stimulation with hookworm antigens was partially restored in the presence of antigen-presenting cells from uninfected hamsters. Analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed that hookworm infection is associated with reduced percentages of both CD4+ and surface immunoglobulin G-positive lymphocytes in the spleen and MLN cells. Splenocytes from infected hamsters also secreted more nitric oxide (NO) in culture than did those from naïve animals. Inhibition of NO secretion was associated with partial restoration of the proliferative capacity of splenocytes from infected animals in response to concanavalin A, suggesting a role for NO in mediating this effect. Together, these data demonstrate that hookworm infection is associated with impaired function of antigen-presenting cells and depletion of important lymphocyte subpopulations and also suggests a role for NO in parasite-induced immunosuppression.

Cellular infiltration at skin lesions and draining lymph nodes of sheep infested with adultHyalomma anatolicum anatolicumticks

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. V. BOPPANA ◽  
S. K. WIKEL ◽  
D. G. RAJ ◽  
M. B. MANOHAR ◽  
J. LALITHA
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Immunohistochemical analysis of skin and draining lymph nodes of sheep repeatedly infested with the ixodid tickHyalomma anatolicum anatolicumwere studied for different antigen-presenting cells and lymphocyte subpopulations. Infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes adjacent to the tick bite site were observed. Skin biopsies showed significant increases in dermal infiltration of CD8+and γδ+T cells at 72 h and 8 days after both primary and secondary infestation. Infiltrations of MHC-II DR/DQ decreased at 72 h after tick infestation, whereas significant increases were recorded for 8-day skin biopsies. CD1+cellular infiltrations were observed during secondary infestations at the dermis. Decreased ratios of CD4[ratio ]CD8 T cells and MHC-II[ratio ]CD1 antigen-presenting cells were observed in both infestations compared to healthy skin biopsies. Ratios of αβ[ratio ]γδ T cells increased gradually during infestation compared to uninfested skin. The regional lymph nodes from tick-infested sheep showed an increased CD8+, γδ+T and CD1+cellular infiltration compared to control lymph nodes. CD4+T cells were decreased. There were no significant changes in CD45R+cellular infiltration either at skin lesions or regional lymph nodes.

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