scholarly journals Area-Wide Elimination of Subterranean Termite Colonies Using a Novaluron Bait

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Shults ◽  
Steven Richardson ◽  
Pierre-Andre Eyer ◽  
Madeleine Chura ◽  
Heather Barreda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Spatial Partitioning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Free Area

We investigated the use of termite baiting, a proven system of targeted colony elimination, in an overall area-wide control strategy against subterranean termites. At two field sites, we used microsatellite markers to estimate the total number of Reticulitermes colonies, their spatial partitioning, and breeding structure. Termite pressure was recorded for two years before and after the introduction of Trelona® (active ingredient novaluron) to a large area of one of the sites. Roughly 70% of the colonies in the treatment site that were present at the time of baiting were not found in the site within two months after the introduction of novaluron. Feeding activity of the remaining colonies subsequently ceased over time and new invading colonies were unable to establish within this site. Our study provides novel field data on the efficacy of novaluron in colony elimination of Reticulitermes flavipes, as well as evidence that an area-wide baiting program is feasible to maintain a termite-free area within its native range.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN DAYA IMUN KELUARGA MELALUI TOGA BERBASIS KEGIATAN PKK DESA KREBET

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Nur Chayati ◽  
M. Fariez Kurniawan ◽  
Ambar Relawati
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Family Resilience ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Religious Aspects

ABSTRAKKrebet adalah sentra industri batik kayu yang mempunyai potensi kepariwisataan baik dari sisi budaya maupun alamnya. Pemberdayaan kelompok PKK di desa Krebet sangat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan ketahanan keluarga baik dari segi ekonomi, sosial, budaya maupun agama. Berbagai keterampilan yang diperoleh, akan bisa membekali anggotanya  untuk bisa hidup lebih baik. Kondisi pandemi Covid sangat membutuhkan daya imun yang cukup kuat untuk bisa menangkal virus Covid-19. Hasil need assessment menunjukkan bahwa kelompok PKK memerlukan tambahan informasi tentang Toga. Toga termasuk tanaman yang murah dalam produksinya, tidak membutuhkan lahan yang luas, cocok ditanam baik di dataran rendah maupun tinggi, sudah dikenal masyarakat Indonesia serta cara pengolahan hasil produksi yang mudah untuk skala rumah tangga. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat adalah mengenalkan tentang jenis Toga, manfaat Toga dan pengolahan Toga sederhana. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat diikuti oleh 14 peserta diawali pemberian pendidikan kesehatan tentang Toga dan manfaatnya, dan tata cara budidaya Toga. Kegiatan berikutnya adalah praktek mengolah jahe menjadi puding. Evaluasi berdasarkan kuesioner menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta sebelum dan setelah pemberian pendidikan kesehatan. Kata kunci: toga; desa wisata krebet; covid-19; pemberdayaan masyarakat; ketahanan keluarga.ABSTRACTKrebet is the center of the wooden batik industry that has tourism potential both in terms of culture and nature. The main activities carried out by mothers are mostly housewives, and are involved in PKK social activities. The Covid-19 pandemic requires a strong immune system to be able to ward off the Covid-19 virus. The results of the assessment in the area, the agreed skill to be taught to PKK mothers is the cultivation of the Toga plant. Toga is a plant that is cheap to produce, does not require a large area of land, suitable for planting in both the lowlands and highlands, well known to the Indonesian people and  an easy way of processing production for household scale. Empowerment of the PKK group is very useful for increasing family resilience in terms of economic, social, cultural and religious aspects. Various skills obtained will be able to equip its members to be able to live better. This community service activity was attended by 14 participants, carried out in three stages, namely providing health education about Toga and its benefits, as well as procedures for cultivating Toga. The third stage is the practice of how to process the Toga. The evaluation was carried out by giving a questionnaire of knowledge about Toga and skills in practicing how to process Toga results before and after the activity. The results of data analysis showed an increase in participants' knowledge before and after the provision of health education. Keywords: toga; krebet tourism village; covid-19; community empowerment; family resilience

Diemissive Dye@CP composites with full-spectrum tunable mechanoluminescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxiang Huang ◽  
He Zhao ◽  
Jian-Jun Zhang ◽  
Zhang bolun ◽  
Jun Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Before And After

The difficulty of precise control of the luminescence colour before and after grinding of mechanoluminescence (MCL) materials has limited their practical applications. Herein we report a doping dye control strategy...

Low Temperature Bonding of High Density Large Area Array Interconnects for 3D Integration

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (1) ◽  
pp. 000028-000035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Reed ◽  
Matthew Lueck ◽  
Chris Gregory ◽  
Alan Huffman ◽  
John M. Lannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Bond Yield ◽  
Intermetallic Compound Formation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individual Bond ◽  
Low Temperature Bonding

The results of bonding and stress testing of Cu/Sn-Cu bonded dice and Cu-Cu thermocompression bonded dice at 10μm and 15μm pitch in large area arrays are shown. The interconnect bonding process pressure and temperature required for the formation of low resistance (<100 mΩ), high yielding (99.99 % individual bond yield), and reliable interconnects is described. In the case of Cu/Sn-Cu, use of a mechanical key was found to improve yield. A run of 22 consecutive bond pairs was made with the mechanical key, resulting in 98 % aggregate channel yield at 10μm pitch in area arrays containing 325,632 individual bonds per die to achieve an interconnect density of 106 / cm2. SEM cross sections of Cu/Sn-Cu and Cu-Cu bonded samples and EDS analysis of Cu/Sn intermetallic compounds both before and after stress testing are presented. The results of thermal cycling and humidity-temperature testing on electrical yield and resistance are presented for Cu/Sn-Cu with underfill. Comparison of the electrical and shear test performance of Cu/Sn-Cu and Cu-Cu is made. Low temperature bonding (at 210°C, below the melting point of tin) is demonstrated to produce high electrical yield, high shear strength and similar intermetallic compound formation to devices bonded at 300°C. The low temperature process may prove useful for integrating IC devices that have low thermal budgets.

Modeling framework to estimate spawning and hatching locations of pelagically spawned eggs

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly S. Embke ◽  
Patrick M. Kocovsky ◽  
Tatiana Garcia ◽  
Christine M. Mayer ◽  
Song S. Qian
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Invasive Fish ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Hydraulic Models ◽  
Successful Recruitment ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Spawning Sites

Identifying spawning and hatching locations is vital to controlling invasive fish and conserving imperiled fish, which can be difficult for pelagically spawning species with semi-buoyant eggs. In freshwater systems, this reproductive strategy is common among cyprinid species, such as Chinese carp species currently threatening the Great Lakes. Following the confirmation that one of these species, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), was spawning in a Great Lakes tributary, we developed a modeling framework to combine field data with hydraulic models to calculate the most probable spawning and hatching locations for collected eggs. Our results indicate that the estimated spawning location encompassed habitat consistent with spawning sites in grass carp’s native range. Additionally, all eggs were identified to have hatched in the river, increasing the likelihood of successful recruitment. This modeling framework can be used to estimate spawning and hatching locations for Chinese carp species, as well as all pelagic, riverine spawners. Spawning and hatching locations provide key information to researchers about the reproductive requirements of species and to agencies about how best to manage populations for control or restoration.

Study on the planarization behaviour of copper CMP utilizing a dense pattern and a global step

2005 ◽  
Vol 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilo Bormann ◽  
Johann W. Bartha
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Contour Evolution ◽  
Copper Cmp ◽  
To Come ◽  
Dense Pattern

AbstractThe major aim of CMP is not the removal of excess material but the planarization of the surface. Therefore the determination of the planarization length appears to be more important than the removal rate itself. It has been shown, that the planarization length is not a constant process parameter, but is related to the removal respectively to the polish time in a square root behaviour. Founded on models proposed by Boning, Ouma, et. al. we applied a sequential polish on a single quasi infinite step. The resulting profile could be simulated by a sequential convolution of the surface contour with a Gaussian transfer function.To come closer to the situation on a chip pattern we investigated the planarization behaviour on a specific pattern of the MIT854AZ copper CMP test chip, where a large area of unpatterned surface touches a pattern with a specific constant density.The 200 mm wafer samples consisted of RIE structured oxide films covered with 850 nm ECD copper. The polish was performed on a standard semiconductor manufacturing tool, using a commercial consumables set. The surface profiles were determined by a high resolution profiler within the polishing sequence. The densely patterned areas are removed within a certain polishing time while the transition point between the unpatterned and patterned area appears as a global step. The deposited copper thickness is sufficient to study the contour evolution in both phases, before and after removal of the dense pattern. The paper presents the experimental results on the contour evolution for the patterned fields as well as the global step.

CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN SOME QUEBEC SOILS

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. McKibbin ◽  
P. H. H. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Colloidal Matter ◽  
Soil Groups

The major soil groups in a large area of agricultural Quebec have been defined and the primary factors effecting differentiation studied. Organic-matter relations as well as the variations in mineral colloidal matter have determined the groupings adopted. Eight major soil groups are named; viz., heavy clay, sandy clay, lowland podsol, upland podsol, brown earth, orchard soil, lowland muck swamp and upland muck swamp. Chemical and microbiological studies of representative virgin soils within each of the first-named six groups are reported, and field data presented.

scholarly journals Subterranean Termite Social Alarm and Hygienic Responses to Fungal Pathogens

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Bulmer ◽  
Bruno A. Franco ◽  
Edith G. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Metarhizium Robertsii ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
Alarm Behavior ◽  
Oscillatory Movement ◽  
Different Strains

In social insects, alerting nestmates to the presence of a pathogen should be critical for limiting its spread and initiating social mechanisms of defense. Here we show that subterranean termites use elevated vibratory alarm behavior to help prevent fatal fungal infections. The elevated alarm leads to elevated social hygiene. This requires that termites coalesce so that they can groom each other’s cuticular surfaces of contaminating conidial spores. Groups of 12 Reticulitermes flavipes workers varied in their response when immersed in conidia solutions of nine different strains of Metarhizium. Pathogen alarm displays of short 2–7-second bursts of rapid longitudinal oscillatory movement (LOM), observed over 12 min following a fungal challenge, were positively correlated with the time that workers spent aggregated together grooming each other. The frequency of these LOMs was inversely correlated with fatal fungal infections. The variation in fatalities appeared to be largely attributable to a differential response to Metarhizium brunneum and Metarhizium robertsii in the time spent in aggregations and the frequency of allogrooming. Isolated workers challenged with conidia did not display LOMs, which suggests that the alarm is a conditional social response. LOMs appear to help signal the presence of fungal pathogens whose virulence depends on the level of this emergency alert.

Termite Behavior: Measuring the Postanoxic Consumption Rates of Landscape Mulches by Eastern Subterranean Termites

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
D. Parks Collins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Eastern Subterranean Termite

Populations of the Eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, are widespread throughout most of the eastern United States. Subterranean termites have the ability to survive flooding conditions by lowering their metabolism. This lesson investigates the connection between the ability of termites to lower their metabolism to survive floods and their feeding behavior. Using an incubator, Petri dishes, and different types of mulch, termite consumption can be measured and compared. These results can be analyzed with a simple statistical test to look for significance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document