scholarly journals Management of Onion Thrips (Thrips tabaci) in Organic Onion Production Using Multiple IPM Tactics

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Lindsy Iglesias ◽  
Michael J. Havey ◽  
Brian A. Nault
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Onion Cultivar ◽  
Oil Tank ◽  
Bulb Yield

Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) is a major pest in organic onion production and effective integrated pest management strategies are lacking. Our objective was to evaluate combinations of semi-glossy (“Rossa di Milano” and B5336AxB5351C) and waxy (“Bradley”) onion cultivars with reflective mulch, with or without biopesticides (spinosad + neem oil tank mix), to manage T. tabaci in organic onion production. Thrips densities were assessed weekly and bulbs graded and weighed at harvest. Onions sprayed with spinosad + neem oil had fewer T. tabaci (adults: 74% (2019); larvae: 40% (2018), 84% (2019) and produced higher yields (13% (2018), 23% (2019)) than onions that were unsprayed, regardless of mulch type or onion cultivar. “Rossa di Milano” had relatively fewer adult and larval thrips populations compared with “Bradley” (21% (2018), 32% (2019)) and B5336AxB5351C. However, “Rossa di Milano” had the lowest marketable yield in both years. Reflective mulch reduced densities on certain dates in both years compared to white mulch, but the largest and most consistent reduction only occurred in 2019. Reflective mulch had no impact on bulb yield. While spinosad + neem oil reduced thrips numbers and increased yield alone, none of the treatment combinations were effective at suppressing populations of thrips. Future T. tabaci management in organic onions will require optimization of the available effective biopesticides.

scholarly journals Sequential application of bio-pesticide, botanical and chemical insecticide to manage aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Amin ◽  
AA Tarif ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Ge
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Population Reduction

Present study evaluated the effect of sequential application of a bio-pesticide (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki) (Bt), a botanical (neem oil) and a chemical insecticide (cypermethrin 25EC) as well as cypermethrin 25EC alone in the management of aphid (Aphis craccivora) and pod borer (Maruca vitrata) attacking yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) in the field. In each treatment Bt, neem oil and cypermethrin were applied in alternative sequence as well as cypermethrin alone at 07 days intervals. All the treatments reduced aphid population and flower infestation after 24, 48 and 72h of treatment compared to untreated control. Aphid population reduction by the treatments over control was ranged from 34.4 to 71.9%, and the treatment with cypermethrin alone had the lowest abundance of aphid and flower infestation. The Bt followed by neem oil and cypermethrin significantly reduced the pod infestation by pod borer and increased yield (38.9–41.4%) over control with BCR: 1.85-2.16. Use of cypermethrin alone was most effective and showed the lowest pod infestation and revealed the increased yield over control (47.7%) with BCR 4.70. Considering the hazardous affect of cypermethrin alone, its application followed by bio-pesticide and botanical sequentially would be promising components for integrated pest management strategies against aphid and pod borer attacking yard long bean.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(3): 531-538, September 2017

Methyl isonicotinate – a non-pheromone thrips semiochemical – and its potential for pest management

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
N.B. Perry ◽  
M.-C. Nielsen ◽  
C. Castañé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

AbstractMethyl isonicotinate is one of several patented 4-pyridyl carbonyl compounds being investigated for a variety of uses in thrips pest management. It is probably the most extensively studied thrips non-pheromone semiochemical, with field and glasshouse trapping experiments, and wind tunnel and Y-tube olfactometer studies in several countries demonstrating a behavioural response that results in increased trap capture of at least 12 thrips species, including the cosmopolitan virus vectors such as western flower thrips and onion thrips. Methyl isonicotinate has several of the characteristics that are required for an effective semiochemical tool and is being mainly used as a lure in combination with coloured sticky traps for enhanced monitoring of thrips in greenhouses. Research indicates that this non-pheromone semiochemical has the potential to be used for other thrips management strategies such as mass trapping, lure and kill, lure and infect, and as a behavioural synergist in conjunction with insecticides, in a range of indoor and outdoor crops.

scholarly journals Control of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) adults and eggs with phosphine

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 400-400
Author(s):  
C.W. Van_Epenhuijsen ◽  
S.K. Wimalaratne ◽  
K.G. Somerfield ◽  
D.I. Hedderley ◽  
B.B.C. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Mean Concentration

Onion thrips are a major pest of New Zealand onion and asparagus exports Onions are generally treated with methyl bromide if export shipments are contaminated with thrips Phosphine is a possible alternative fumigant for disinfestation particularly as it is less likely to have phytotoxic effects on onions than methyl bromide This research aimed to identify a short duration (23 day) phosphine treatment protocol using cylinderised phosphine that gave complete control of onion thrips adults and eggs without causing a decline in onion bulb quality Adults and egg life stages of onion thrips were treated with two concentrations of phosphine (700 and 1100 ppm) for either 48 or 72 h at a mean temperature of 20C Phosphine was applied directly to adult thrips that had been collected and held in jars as well as to infested onions None of the treated adults survived and none of the treated eggs hatched and survived after 48 h exposure to phosphine fumigation at a mean concentration of 706 ppm There were no visible signs of phytotoxicity following phosphine treatment It is recommended that this treatment regime is tested at a larger scale on stored onions infested with onion thrips

scholarly journals Evaluation of different insecticides for the management of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) on onion (Allium cepa L.) crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asghar ◽  
Mirza Muhammad Qadeer Baig ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Naeem Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Onion Bulb ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Thrips Population ◽  
Bulb Yield

Abstract The efficacy of five insecticides containing a.i. bifenthrin, dimethoate, spinosad, spinetoram and chlorfenapyr was evaluated following RCBD against Thrips tabaci in farmer’s field for two consecutive years. The data were recorded before and after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days of spraying. The results showed that all the insecticides reduced thrips populations compared to controls. However, the maximum reduction in thrips population and highest onion bulb yield (34.07 t/ha) was obtained with dimethoate 40EC followed by bifenthrin 10EC (33.14 t/ha). The minimum onion bulb yield (25.71 t/ha) was obtained in the control, where no insecticide was applied against thrips. If onion thrips are not controlled, the damage they cause can reduce bulb yields by 9-25%. The highest incremental return over the control (Rs.83, 600/ha), net income (Rs.82, 913/ha) and maximum cost benefit ratio were also obtained in the treatment with dimethoate 40EC.

scholarly journals Towards integrated pest management of Thrips tabaci in onions

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Workman ◽  
N.A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Entomogenous Fungi ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Selective Insecticide

Populations of onion thrips Thrips tabaci and their natural enemies were monitored in small field plots of onions to which standard insecticide (methamidophos endosulfan and chlorpyrophos) selective insecticide (imidacloprid and spinosad) organic (YR015) insecticide or no insecticide treatments were applied The mean number of thrips per plant was kept below 12 in the standard and selective treatments The numbers of thrips in the organic and no insecticide treatments were comparable reaching over 60 thrips per plant This resulted in increased plant damage and shorter leaves High rainfall in 200102 coincided with a reduction in thrips numbers in untreated plots which peaked at 70 thrips per plant compared with nearly 500 thrips per plant in the drier 200001 season Natural enemies observed in the unsprayed and organic treatments included Ceranisius menes Aeolothrips fasciatum Buchananiella whitei syphids and entomogenous fungi None of these natural enemies increased sufficiently to provide effective thrips control No natural enemies were found in the standard or selective insecticide treated plots

scholarly journals Evaluating Iris Yellow Spot Disease Incidence and Severity in Onion Germplasm of Varying Leaf Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer ◽  
Neel Kamal ◽  
Narinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
State University ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
New Mexico State University ◽  
Onion Cultivar

Iris yellow spot (IYS) disease, caused by Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), results in irregular and diamond-shaped, chlorotic, and necrotic lesions on the leaves and seedstalks of onions (Allium cepa L.). These lesions reduce leaf photosynthetic area and ultimately reduce onion bulb size and yield from larger bulb classes. IYSV is vectored by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci L.) that are difficult to control under certain environmental conditions. Currently, no onion cultivar is resistant to the disease symptoms, virus, and/or thrips. Twenty-one cultivars and 17 germplasm lines were evaluated in the field for IYS disease severity and thrips densities at multiple times during the season as well as leaf color, waxiness, and axil openness of these entries. Plants were grown under conditions that favored thrips populations (high temperatures, low moisture, and no insecticidal spray applications), IYSV presence and distribution, and IYS development. Plants of New Mexico State University (NMSU) 07-10-1 had fewer thrips than several entries later in the season in both 2009 and 2010. Several entries exhibited a lower number of thrips per plant early or later in the season; however, these results were not consistent across years and were not associated with a particular foliage characteristic. Lighter leaf color and/or a lesser amount of epicuticular wax did not always result in the fewest number of thrips per plant as has been reported in the literature. Plants of NMSU 09-58 tended to exhibit fewer and less severe IYS symptoms early in the season as compared with plants of other entries.

scholarly journals Thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with onion (Allium cepa L.) and Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Olczyk ◽  
Maria Pobożniak
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Onion Cultivar ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thrips Population

AbstractWe determined the abundance, species composition, sex ratio and seasonal dynamics of thrips on one cultivar of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) and eight cultivars of onion (Allium cepa) in South Poland within three vegetation seasons (2014–2016). Nine species of Thysanoptera were identified on A. cepa and A. fistulosum. Irrespective of the onion cultivar, Thrips tabaci was the dominant species (64.4% of all collected thrips specimens), while Frankliniella intonsa also occurred in high numbers (28.3%). Conversely, Welsh onion was most often inhabited by F. intonsa (62.7%), although T. tabaci was also numerous (28.3%). The predatory Aeolothrips intermedius accounted for 4.5% on A. cepa and 2.9% on A. fistulosum. In the most numerous species, T. tabaci, F. intonsa and A. intermedius populations were formed mainly by females. The cultivar most colonised by thrips was Kroll of A. fistulosum. The tested cultivars of A. cepa demonstrated varying degrees of attractiveness to thrips in the subsequent years. The relationship between populations of T. tabaci, F. intonsa and A. intermedius changed in the subsequent months of the growing season. In June, mainly T. tabaci and F. intonsa occurred on onion plants, while from July, the percentage shares of F. intonsa and the predatory A. intermedius in the thrips population on many onion cultivars increased. The level of attractiveness of A. cepa related to onion thrips, which is reported as a main pest of onion, varies depending on the year and cultivar.

scholarly journals The Major Biological Approaches in the Integrated Pest Management of Onion Thrips, Thrips Tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegn Atilaw Woldemelak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Nontarget Species ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
Wilt Virus

AbstractThrips tabaci Lindeman is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous insect pest. It is known worldwide and recorded on more than 300 plant species. T. tabaci is a key pest of onion and several other crops, and its control is vital to the production and profitability of crops. If onion thrips population is not controlled, damage can reduce yield volume and quality. In addition to direct damage to the host plants, T. tabaci has been characterized as an asymptomatic vector of three devastating tospovirus species, such as Tomato spotted wilt virus, Iris yellow spot virus, and Tomato yellow ring virus. For this reason, several synthetic insecticides were used for control. However, these insecticides bring unwanted effects, like pesticide resistance, elimination of nontarget species, environmental pollution, and threats to human health. To solve the negative consequences of insecticides, biopesticides, such as plant secondary metabolites, entomopathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, have been recognized as effective alternatives. The use of plant-based insecticides and entomopathogenic control methods gained more attention in integrated pest management. Their strong side is lack of residues, saving beneficial insects and minimizing air and water pollution. Plant-derived compounds and entomopathogenic biological control agents offered a variety of biological modes of actions against onion thrips, such as repellency, feeding deterrence, anti-oviposition, fecundity deterrence, metamorphosis inhibition, and parasiting the host’s body.

scholarly journals Recurrent selection for resistance to Thrips tabaci in a tropical onion population

2021 ◽  
pp. 538-542
Author(s):  
Gleyce de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Antonio Fernandes Santos ◽  
José Adalberto de Alencar ◽  
Danillo Olegário Matos da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Bulb Yield

Recurrent selection for resistance to onion Thrips tabaci has not been well studied by breeding programmes. Onion thrips is a pest of major concern and is controlled by insecticide spraying, raising production costs and potentially damaging the environment. This study aimed to estimate onion bulb yield genetic gain through six cycles in the ‘BRS Alfa São Francisco’ developed by recurrent selection for T. tabaci resistance. Experiments were carried out in a randomised block design, with three replications, in two locations. The degree of infestation in plants was evaluated five times after transplanting, as well as plant architecture traits and bulb yield. The latest selection cycle presented bulb commercial yield of 32.1 t.ha-1, while the base population ‘Alfa Tropical’ and IPA 10 check cultivar 15.9 and 14.0 t.ha-1, respectively (p<0.01). The broad sense heritability values ranged from 0.65 to 0.74 for bulb yield. The mean genetic gain was 1.0 t.ha-1 or 6% per selection cycle, indicating the efficiency of the method to increase the frequency of favourable alleles for thrips resistance and the possibility of onion cultivation in the total absence of insecticide applications to control this pest, or a reduction in their number

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