scholarly journals Utilizing Red Spotted Apollo Butterfly Transcriptome to Identify Antimicrobial Peptide Candidates against Porphyromonas gingivalis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Kang-Woon Lee ◽  
Jae-Goo Kim ◽  
Karpagam Veerappan ◽  
Hoyong Chung ◽  
Sathishkumar Natarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Sequential Screening ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Apollo Butterfly

Classical antibiotics are the foremost treatment strategy against microbial infections. Overuse of this has led to the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural defense elements present across many species including humans, insects, bacteria, and plants. Insect AMPs are our area of interest, because of their stronger abilities in host defense. We have deciphered AMPs from an endangered species Parnassius bremeri, commonly known as the red spotted apollo butterfly. It belongs to the second largest insect order Lepidoptera, comprised of butterflies and moths, and lives in the high altitudes of Russia, China, and Korea. We aimed at identifying the AMPs from the larvae stages. The rationale of choosing this stage is that the P. bremeri larvae development occurs at extremely low temperature conditions, which might serve as external stimuli for AMP production. RNA was isolated from larvae (L1 to L5) instar stages and subjected to next generation sequencing. The transcriptomes obtained were curated in in-silico pipelines. The peptides obtained were screened for requisite AMP physicochemical properties and in vitro antimicrobial activity. With the sequential screening and validation, we obtained fifteen candidate AMPs. One peptide TPS–032 showed promising antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a primary causative organism of periodontitis.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from the Lamiaceae Family against Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans Biofilms

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Ramona Iseppi ◽  
Roberta Tardugno ◽  
Virginia Brighenti ◽  
Stefania Benvenuti ◽  
Carla Sabia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Natural Defense

The antimicrobial activity of different essential oils (EOs) from the Lamiaceae family was evaluated on Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans, and lactobacilli. S. agalactiae is the main cause of severe neonatal infections, such as sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. C. albicans is a primary causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis, a multifactorial infectious disease of the lower female reproductive tract. Lactobacilli represent the dominant bacterial species of the vaginal flora and constitute the natural defense against pathogens. On the basis of the preliminary results, the attention was focused on the EOs from Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. and Mentha arvensis L. By using gas ghromatography (GS) retention data and mass spectra, it was possible to identify more than 90% of the total composition of the EO samples. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and anti-biofilm activity of the two EOs were determined against all isolated strains, using the EOs by themselves or in combination with each other and with drugs (erythromycin and fluconazole). The results showed a good antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of both EOs and a synergistic effect, leading to the best results against all the strains, resulted using the combinations EOs/EOs and antimicrobials/EOs.

Extraction and Antimicrobial Activity of Total Flavones from Zanthoxylum nitidum

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1190-1194
Author(s):  
Xin She Li ◽  
Juan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Zanthoxylum Nitidum ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
New Chemotherapeutic Agents

The total flavones in the root ofZanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.) DC was extracted with 70% ethanol and the content of the total flavones in it was determined to be 82.9 mg/g by spectrophotometry at wavelength 510 nm based on rutin as standard. Thein vitroantimicrobial activities of the total flavones extract againstStaphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp,Aspergillus niger,Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium citrinum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis, Aspergillus oryzaewere studied and the minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured to be 0.5, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. The results indicate that the flavones inZanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.)DC possesses strong antimicrobial activity and potentially will be useful for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents against microbial infections.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 2-(Substituted-phenyl)-3-(4-(4- Nitrophenyl)Thiazol-2-yl)Thiazolidin-4-One Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Shailendra Patil
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Potential Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Tube Dilution

Background:Diseases caused by microbial infections are very common worldwide. Although the search of innovative antimicrobial agents is the current focus for the researchers, the treatment of infectious diseases remains an important public health issue and a challenging problem in front of medicinal chemist.Methods:A series of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-(4-nitrophenyl) thiazol-2-yl)thiazolidin-4-one derivatives (T1-T10) was designed and synthesized. All the titled compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential. Antimicrobial activity was performed by tube dilution methods against Gram negative Escherichia coli MTCC 443 (E. Coli), Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160 (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 (B. Subtilis), and fungal strains: Aspergillus niger MTCC 281 (A. niger) and Candida albicans MTCC 227 (C. albicans).Results:Among the synthesized derivatives, compounds 2, 4 and 10 were found to be most active antimicrobial agents.Conclusion:In conclusion, a series of 2-(phenyl)-3-(4-(phenyl)thiazol-2-yl)thiazolidin-4-ones have been designed and synthesized. All the titled compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against five representative microorganisms. The results of antimicrobial study indicated that the presence of nitro and chloro groups in aromatic ring improved antibacterial activity, whereas the presence of hydroxy group improved antifungal activity of substituted 4-thiazolidinone derivatives.

Synthesis and Evaluation of the in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Triazoles, Morpholines and Thiosemicarbazones

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe R.S. Santos ◽  
Jéssica T. Andrade ◽  
Carla D.F. Sousa ◽  
Joice S. Fernandes ◽  
Lucas F. Carmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Microbial Infections

Background: Microbial infections is a global public health problem. The aim of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of novel triazoles, morpholines and thiosemicarbazones. </P><P> Methods: Compounds were synthesized using 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting materials. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds against bacteria and yeast was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Results: The proposed route for synthesis gave high to moderate yields, moreover these compounds were successfully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS. Antimicrobial testing indicated that the thiosemicarbazone and morphine derivatives had the best antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 0.29 and 5.30 µM. Thiosemicarbazone derivative (12) was able to inhibit the growth of C. tropicalis, with minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 0.55 µM. In addition, this compound was active against E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis, with MIC values ranging from 0.29 to 1.11 µM. Moreover, the morpholine derivative (15) had an MIC value of 0.83 µM against C. albicans and E. coli. Conclusion: We have efficiently synthesized a series of eleven novel triazoles, thiosemicarbazones and morpholine derivatives using 2,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting materials. Thiosemicarbazone derivative (12) showed promising antifungal and antibacterial activity and these findings suggest that this compound can be used as scaffolds to design new antimicrobial drugs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Leucocyte- and Platelet Rich Fibrin Exudate Against Planktonic Porphyromonas gingivalis and Within Multi-Species Biofilm: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Rodríguez Sánchez ◽  
Tim Verspecht ◽  
Ana B. Castro ◽  
Martine Pauwels ◽  
Carlos Rodríguez Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Planktonic Culture ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin

Leucocyte- and platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) is an autologous biomaterial used in regenerative procedures. It has an antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis although the mechanism is not fully understood. It was hypothesized that L-PRF exudate releases hydrogen peroxide and antimicrobial peptides that inhibit P. gingivalis growth. Agar plate and planktonic culture experiments showed that the antimicrobial effect of L-PRF exudate against P. gingivalis was supressed by peroxidase or pepsin exposure. In developing multi-species biofilms, the antimicrobial effect of L-PRF exudate was blocked only by peroxidase, increasing P. gingivalis growth with 1.3 log genome equivalents. However, no effect was shown on other bacteria. Pre-formed multi-species biofilm trials showed no antimicrobial effect of L-PRF exudate against P. gingivalis or other species. Our findings showed that L-PRF exudate may release peroxide and peptides, which may be responsible for its antimicrobial effect against P. gingivalis. In addition, L-PRF exudate had an antimicrobial effect against P. gingivalis in an in vitro developing multi-species biofilm.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Activity of the Three Commercially Available Intense Sweeteners against Common Periodontal Pathogens: An in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi B Patil ◽  
Tejavathi Nagaraj ◽  
Vinit B Patel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three commercially available intense sweeteners against two common periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Materials and methods Three commercially available intense sweeteners namely saccharin, aspartame and sucralose were obtained and powdered. Necessary concentrations of the sweeteners were prepared by mixing them with an inert solvent. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using agar well diffusion technique. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results All the three sweeteners showed significant antimicrobial activity against the periodontal pathogens tested. Sucralose containing sucralose showed maximum zone of inhibition, against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Saccharin and aspartame containing saccharin and aspartame respectively, showed maximum zone of inhibition, against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Conclusion All the sweeteners used in this study have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. Therefore, these sweeteners could be recommended as an ideal alternative to sucrose. Clinical significance Dental caries and periodontal diseases are ubiquitous diseases of mankind caused by microorganisms. Dental caries is caused by sucrose. By altering the source like intense sweetener we can combat caries as well as with its antimicrobial properties against periodontopathic bacteria, we can reduce prevalence of periodontal diseases. How to cite this article Prashant GM, Patil RB, Nagaraj T, Patel VB. The Antimicrobial Activity of the Three Commercially Available Intense Sweeteners against Common Periodontal Pathogens: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(6):749-752.

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