scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hygiene Behaviours among In-School Adolescents in Ghana

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Hubert Amu ◽  
Tarif Salihu ◽  
John Elvis Hagan ◽  
Ebenezer Agbaglo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour ◽  
Good Hygiene

(1) Background: Despite a global call to act to resolve communicable diseases caused by lack of clean water, sanitation, and hygiene, many people in low- and middle-income countries continue to die each year. In this study, we looked at in-school adolescents’ oral and hand hygiene activities in Ghana, as well as the factors that influence them. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that utilised data on 1348 in-school adolescents from the 2012 global school-based health survey. Using Stata software version 14.2, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. All statistical analyses were considered significant at p-value < 0.05. (3) Results: The prevalence of good hygiene behaviour was 62.6% and 79.9% for good oral hygiene and good hand hygiene, respectively. In-school adolescents who were truant were 31% (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.92) and 28% (AOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.87), respectively, less likely to practise good hand and oral hygiene compared to those who were not. Adolescents whose parents supervised their homework, however, had higher probabilities of practising good hand (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.64–2.31) and oral (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.80–3.04) hygiene respectively. Adolescents aged 18 years and above were 1.33 times more likely to practice good oral hygiene than younger adolescents (AOR=1.33, 95% CI = 1.07–1.66). Adolescents who were bullied had lower odds of practicing good hand hygiene (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52–0.94). (4) Conclusions: While good hygiene behaviour remains a major strategy in decreasing the prevalence of communicable diseases, the less than 65% prevalence of hand hygiene we observed in the current study is indicative of the country’s inability to achieve water, hygiene and sanitation for all by the year 2030. To accelerate progress towards meeting the Sustainable Development Goal 6.2, there is a need for the implementation of innovative interventions which seek to promote good hygiene behaviours among adolescents and the expansion of existing interventions, such as the WASH initiative, in schools. Such interventions should focus more on younger adolescents, those who are truant, and adolescents who suffer from bullying in school.

scholarly journals Tooth Loss and Its Association With Frequency of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Yemeni Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Shamala ◽  
Ebtesam Al-Maimooni ◽  
Salsbeel Al-Matari ◽  
Ryhana Hiyat ◽  
Mohammed Al-wesabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Backgrounds: The present study sought to assess tooth loss and oral hygiene practices among a sample of Yemeni women in association with giving births (parity).Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 644 Yemeni women. They were interviewed to gather socio-demographic (age, education, number of children) and behavioral data (oral hygiene practices, khat chewing and smoking). Additionally, they were examined clinically to assess number of tooth loss. Data were analyzed using SPSS with a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The participating women aged between 16 and 51 years. Only one fifth of the sample reported brushing their teeth regularly (i.e, at least once a day), and around 36.8% reported using dental aids occasionally. Additionally, 52% and 21% of the sample reported they were khat chewers and smokers, respectively. The mean number of tooth loss was 4.7. The mean number of children was 4.15, with approximately 54% of the participating women had more than 3 children. The results of the logistic regression revealed a significant association between number of children and tooth loss. Conclusion: Yemeni women had poor oral hygiene practices and high prevalence of tooth loss increased proportionally with the increased number of children. This emphasizes the importance of an effective oral hygiene motivation and health education among female patients during pregnancy periods.

scholarly journals Association between Acne and Body Mass Index: A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Saraswoti Neupane ◽  
Binamra Basnet ◽  
Tara Devi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease of pilosebaceous unit. Obesity is one of the biggest problems in western life style but nowadays, the problem is increasing even in low and middle-income countries. Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to accurately measure obesity.Objective: To find out the association between different categories of BMI and severity of acne.Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional prospective study conducted in the outpatient department of Gandaki Medical College from January to July, 2017. All the newly diagnosed patients with acne were included in the study. Height and weight of the patients was recorded and BMI was calculated. BMI was categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Type of lesions were noted and severity of acne was graded from 1 to 4.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0 for windows. One-way Analysis of Variance between groups (ANOVA) test was applied. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: There were altogether 249 patients with acne. Age of the patients ranged from 10 to 44 years with mean age of 20.82 ±5.9 years. Most of the patients were in the age group of 11-20 years. Female: male ratio was 1:1.4. Majority of patients (65.5%) had normal BMI. Most of the patients had Grade 2 acne (52.6%). There was no significant association between the BMI and severity of acne (p=0.129).Conclusion: There was no significant association between BMI and severity of acne.

scholarly journals Disease prevention: childcare practices of caregivers in day-cares/pre-schools in Ibadan, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Adaora E. Obiagwu ◽  
IkeOluwapo O. Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Sick Children

Background: Childhood Disease prevention practices (DPP) by day-care/preschools caregivers are essential to the wellbeing of enrolled children. We assessed DPP such as hand hygiene, feeding, nutrition, handling sick children and pre-employment medical screening in day-cares /pre-schools and the factors associated with DPP.Methods: The cross-sectional study involved 799 pre-school caregivers (teachers and minders/nannies). Ten settlements were selected from five randomly selected metropolitan Local Government Areas in Oyo state, Nigeria. Data collected on DPP was mainly graduated on 3-point Likert like scale: ‘always responses’- allotted 2 points; ‘sometimes’- 1 point; and ‘never’- zero. Using a significance level (p value) set at 5% and higher R-squared values, associations between DPPs and explanatory variables were tested).Results: Mean age of respondents was 33.7±9.5 years. Majority, 594 (74.3%) did not have pre-employment childcare training. Self-reported hand hygiene was highest for stool moments. Most 456 (56.3%) reported formula feeds for 1-6 months and mainly staples for older children. Aggregated DPP score (80) was dichotomized using mean childcare DPP score of 24±4.5. Slightly more than half of the respondents, 453 (56.7%) had inadequate DPP. Formal childcare training p<0.001, current job specification p=0.02 and knowledge of VPD p=0.004 were associated with DPP index. Some predictors of adequate childcare DPP include facility registration status (OR=2.19, 95%CI=1.05-4.56); respondents who had childcare training (OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.083-2.144); affiliation with health (OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.227-3.262).Conclusions: This study highlights childcare DPP within the day-cares/pre-schools and provides evidence for tailored training interventions and monitoring of the facilities.  

scholarly journals Oral hygiene behaviour and practices of urban slum population: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4423
Author(s):  
Shriprasad B. Alure ◽  
Arun S. Dodamani ◽  
Prashanthkumar Vishwakarma ◽  
Vardhaman M. Jain ◽  
Gaurav V. Mali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour ◽  
Slum Population

Background: Poor oral hygiene is a major etiological factor for oral diseases. Urban slums are identified as a risk group population as the burden of oral diseases is high among them. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate oral hygiene status among the urban slum population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 480 urban slum people aged between 18 to 75 years. A cluster random sampling method was adopted. Data were collected by structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included information related to patient’s knowledge, attitude, and practices related to their oral hygiene. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: The majority of people brushed their teeth once a daily (58.3%) by using a toothbrush and toothpaste (65%) followed by mishri and charcoal. 81.7% of people did not use any other oral hygiene aid. The majority of people did not use interdental aids, tongue cleaner, mouthwash. The majority of people (72%) know the harmful effect of tobacco still they consume various forms of tobacco. The results showed an acute lack of oral hygiene awareness and practices as well as the effect of poor oral hygiene on systemic health.Conclusions: There is a need to educate the urban slum population regarding proper dental care, oral hygiene methods, and prevention of dental diseases through dentists, outreach programs, effective oral health education, and promotion programs to make healthy individuals and healthy society.

scholarly journals Knowledge, socio-cognitive perceptions and the practice of hand hygiene and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of UK university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Barrett ◽  
Kei Long Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour

Abstract Background During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and hand hygiene have been the primary means of reducing transmission in the absence of effective treatments or vaccines, but understanding of their determinants is limited. This study aimed to investigate knowledge and socio-cognitive perceptions, and their associations with such protective behaviours, in UK university students. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of 293 students was undertaken on 13 May 2020. Survey questions addressed demographics, knowledge of the disease and effectiveness of the protective measures, risk perception, socio-cognitive perceptions (e.g. attitude, social support, and self-efficacy), habit, time factors and trust, as well as the hand hygiene and social distancing behaviours. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the strongest associations of potential determinants with behaviour. Results Participants reported high levels of social distancing with 88.9% answering “Mostly” or “Always” for every activity, but only 42.0% reporting the same for all hand hygiene activities. Knowledge of the effectiveness of each activity in preventing transmission was high, with 90.7% and 93.5% respectively identifying at least 7 of 8 hand hygiene or 9 of 10 social distancing activities correctly. Habit (β = 0.39, p = 0.001) and time factors (β = 0.28, p = 0.001) were the greatest contributors to unique variance in hand hygiene behaviour, followed by ethnicity (β = − 0.13, p = 0.014) and risk perception (β = 0.13, p = 0.016). For social distancing behaviour, the determinants were self-efficacy (β = 0.25, p < 0.001), perceived advantages (β = 0.15, p = 0.022), trust in policy (β = 0.14, p = 0.026) and gender (β = − 0.14, p = 0.016). Regression models explained 40% hand hygiene and 25% social distancing variance. Conclusions This study indicated that communications about effectiveness of hand hygiene and social distancing behaviours had been effective in terms of knowledge acquisition. However, in the light of likely second waves of COVID-19, attention to maintaining social distancing behaviour and improving hand hygiene behaviour may need to address more difficult areas of changing habits, overcoming time factors and building trust, as well as interventions to increase self-efficacy and address risk perception concerns.

scholarly journals The Factors Of Sanitary Hygiene Associated With The Bacteriological Quality Of Refill Water In Tanjungpinang

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Weni Enjelina ◽  
M. Syahnan Purba ◽  
Zulya Erda
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour

The quality of drinking water in the drinking water refill depot (DAMIU) is still low. Based on the results of bacteriological testing conducted by Puskesmas in Tanjungpinang 2015, it is known that 5 samples drinking water refill (AMIU) containing coliform bacteria. This study aims to know bacteriological quality in drinking water refill and determine Factors of Hygiene sanitasion DAMIU that associated with AMIU’s bacteriological quality in Tanjungpinang city. The study design was a cross sectional study with sample of 30 DAMIU in Tanjungpinang. Sample selection is done by proportional random sampling. Data were analyzed using Chi square test. The results showed that 20% AMIU containing germs total , but for E.coli, 100% not containing. Building sanitation, processing tools sanitation and galon sanitation most of drinking water refill already eligible and not related with germs total number, only Operator hygiene that 53% eligible and related with germs total number (p value 0,017). The study conclude that 20% AMIU containing germs total. Operator hygiene factor related with germs total. To prevent the presence of germs in drinking water refill, the operator should apply hygiene behaviour and have certificate of seminar and training about hygiene and sanitary processing of DAMIU

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF ADOLESCENT MALNUTRITION IN A COMMUNITY IN SOKOTO, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Yusuf T ◽  
Jibrin B ◽  
Mohammed AH ◽  
Adamu A.
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
And Gender

Background: Adolescence is accompanied by increase in nutritional requirements due to the rapid growth and development associated with it. Adolescent nutritional status extends to adulthood and a predisposing factor to childhood malnutrition and non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of malnutrition among adolescent in a semi-urban community in Sokoto. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study carried out between January and June, 2018 at Gwuiwa community, Wamakko LGA, Sokoto State. The demographics, weight, height and BMI were documented. Nutritional status was determined using the WHO BMI tables for appropriate age and gender. The socio-economic class of the participants was determined the Ogunlesi's classification. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Respondents' mean age was 12.6 (±2.3) about two-thirds of the respondents were aged 10-13 years. There were 84 (42.4%) males with M:F ratio of 1:1.4. One hundred and eight (54.6%), 63(31.8%) and 27(13.6%) were from lower, middle and upper socio-economic classes respectively. About a third (30.3%) of the respondents were stunted, 33 (16.7%) wasted and 3(1.5%) were overweight. Age (p=0.008) and socio-economic status (p= 0.04) were the correlates of adolescent malnutrition. Conclusion: Undernutrition is commoner among adolescents; with emerging overnutrition in the study area. There is need for concerted efforts on prevention at all levels to reduce its impact on non-communicable diseases and the nutritional status of future generations of our community.

scholarly journals Relationship between oral candidiasis and users of dental prostheses

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ana de Lourdes Sá de Lira ◽  
Aline Cardoso Torres
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Treat All

Aim: To investigate the relationship between oral candidiasis and users of dental prostheses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out which the inclusion of adults and elderly people of both genders using dental prostheses. Lectures were given with guidelines on oral hygiene techniques and dental prostheses, preventive measures of candidiasis, highlighting their influence on the oral and general health of the individual for the 240 users of dental prostheses. Of this number, 153 did not want to participate in the clinical examination. Signals and symptoms were analyzed in 87 patients, and lesions were present in only 21, and a cytological complement of the lesions was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 with Chi-square (χ2 ) test at p < 0.05. Results: The 21 patients presented oral candidiasis, with erythematous (prosthetic) stomatitis being the most prevalent. There was a correlation between the presence of Candida and the use of prostheses (p- value 0.00*). Candidiasis was associated with poorly adapted prostheses, poor oral hygiene, inadequate prostheses and prolonged use of them. Conclusion: There was a correlation between oral candidiasis and users of dental prostheses. The most prevalent type of candidiasis was erythematous stomatitis (prosthetic), and nystatin was used to treat all cases. The preventive activities carried out were extremely important, since patients were not aware of oral candidiasis and the factors that trigger it, such as poor oral hygiene and dental prostheses.

scholarly journals The Factors Of Sanitary Hygiene Associated With The Bacteriological Quality Of Refill Water In Tanjungpinang

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Weni Enjelina ◽  
M. Syahnan Purba ◽  
Zulya Erda
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour

The quality of drinking water in the drinking water refill depot (DAMIU) is still low. Based on the results of bacteriological testing conducted by Puskesmas in Tanjungpinang 2015, it is known that 5 samples drinking water refill (AMIU) containing coliform bacteria. This study aims to know bacteriological quality in drinking water refill and determine Factors of Hygiene sanitasion DAMIU that associated with AMIU’s bacteriological quality in Tanjungpinang city. The study design was a cross sectional study with sample of 30 DAMIU in Tanjungpinang. Sample selection is done by proportional random sampling. Data were analyzed using Chi square test. The results showed that 20% AMIU containing germs total , but for E.coli, 100% not containing. Building sanitation, processing tools sanitation and galon sanitation most of drinking water refill already eligible and not related with germs total number, only Operator hygiene that 53% eligible and related with germs total number (p value 0,017). The study conclude that 20% AMIU containing germs total. Operator hygiene factor related with germs total. To prevent the presence of germs in drinking water refill, the operator should apply hygiene behaviour and have certificate of seminar and training about hygiene and sanitary processing of DAMIU

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of personal and oral hygiene among undergraduate university students in Sulaimani city

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Akam Mustafa Hasan ◽  
Mardin Othman Abdulqadir
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Poor hygiene performance and insufficient sanitary conditions assume real parts in the expanded weight of communicable diseases inside developing nations. Lack of resources such as hand washing materials, water and sanitation facilities may be essential factors why students do not wash their hands, also struggling of affordable toothpaste and absence of awareness regarding oral hygiene may be affected by improper cleaning teeth and tongue. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of personal and oral hygiene among undergraduate university students in Sulaimani city /Iraq and evaluated the degree to which appropriate information of hygiene was related with individual hygiene character. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1055 undergraduate students who were met via trained staff. Data comprised of cleanliness and hand washing practices, learning about sanitation, individual cleanliness qualities, nearness of gastrointestinal parasitic disease, oral and dental diseases including dental decay and bad breathes. University students with satisfactory information of legitimate personal and oral hygiene probably had clean clothes 68.8% (P value < 0.05), clean hair 72% (0.0001 P value), fingernail trimmed 139% (P value> 0.05), clean teeth 59.4% (P value <0.05), good mouth breath 57% (P value <0.05). Approximately 57.2% of students were delegated having sufficient information of legitimate cleanliness (P value <0.05). Most students preferred hand washing after defecation (96.5%) (P value <0.05), while 93.8% revealed utilizing shampoo. On the other hand 62.7% of contributors reported brushing their teeth before going to sleep (P value <0.05) and 74% of participants revealed cleaning their tongue sometimes (P value< 0.01). this study discovered  underscore the requirement for more cleanliness training in universities; and give target confirm that may direct the improvement of far reaching personal, oral hygiene and health mediation programs in Sulaimani universities. Furthermore the effective usage of this study is probably going to significantly weaken the transmissible diseases.

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