scholarly journals Being Born in Winter–Spring and at Around the Time of an Influenza Pandemic Are Risk Factors for the Development of Schizophrenia: The Apna Study in Navarre, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2859
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Alvarez-Mon ◽  
Sara Guillen-Aguinaga ◽  
Victor Pereira-Sanchez ◽  
Luc Onambele ◽  
Moad J. Al-Rahamneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

Background: We analyzed the relationship between the prevalence of schizophrenia and the season of birth and gestation during a period of an influenza pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective population-based cohort of 470,942 adults. We fitted multivariant logistic regression models to determine whether the season of birth and birth in an influenza-pandemic year (1957, 1968, 1977) was associated with schizophrenia. Results: 2077 subjects had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Logistic regression identified a significantly greater prevalence of schizophrenia in men than in women (OR = 1.516, CI 95% = 1.388–1.665); in those born in the winter or spring than in those born in the summer or autumn (OR = 1.112, CI 95% = 1.020–1.212); and in those born in a period of an influenza pandemic (OR = 1.335, CI 95% = 1.199–1.486). The increase in risk was also significant when each influenza pandemic year was analyzed separately. However, neither month of birth nor season of birth, when each of the four were studied individually, were associated with a statistically significant increase in that risk. Conclusions: The winter–spring period and the influenza pandemics are independent risk factors for developing schizophrenia. This study contradicts many previous studies and thus revitalizes a locked debate in understanding the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of this disorder.

scholarly journals Analysis of oral risk-factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademar Takahama ◽  
Vitoria Iaros de Sousa ◽  
Elisa Emi Tanaka ◽  
Evelise Ono ◽  
Fernanda Akemi Nakanishi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Objective: This a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between oral health findings and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICU). Material and Methods: Data were collected from medical records, and a detailed oral physical examination was performed on 663 critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. Data were statistically analysed using univariate and logistic regression models relating the development of VAP with the oral findings. Results: At oral physical examination, the most frequent findings were tooth loss (568 - 85.67%), coated tongue (422 - 63.65%) and oral bleeding (192 - 28.96%). Patients with a coated tongue or oral bleeding on the first day of ICU hospitalization developed more VAP than did patients without these conditions (20.14% vs 13.69%: p=0.02; 23.44% vs 15.50%: p=0.01, respectively). In the logistic regression, a coated tongue and oral bleeding were considered independent risk factors for VAP development [OR=1.60 (1.02-2.47) and OR=1.59 (1.05 – 2.44), respectively]. Conclusions: The presence of a coated tongue and oral bleeding in ICU admission could be considered markers for the development of VAP. Clinical relevance: The results of this paper reinforces the importance of proper maintenance of oral hygiene before intubation, which may lead to a decrease in the incidence of VAP in the ICU. This is particularly important in the COVID-19 current scenario, where more people are expected to need mechanical ventilation, consequently increasing cases of VAP.

scholarly journals Platelet-bound C4d, low C3 and lupus anticoagulant associate with thrombosis in SLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A Petri ◽  
John Conklin ◽  
Tyler O'Malley ◽  
Thierry Dervieux
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pt Complex ◽  
Composite Risk ◽  
Sectional Analysis

BackgroundLow C3 and lupus anticoagulant (LAC) are known risk factors for thrombosis in SLE. We evaluated the association between C4d products deposited on platelets (PC4d) and thrombosis in SLE. Antiphosphatidyl serine/prothrombin (PS/PT) complex antibody was also evaluated as an alternative to LAC.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analysis of 149 consented patients with SLE (mean age: 47±1 years, 86% female) classified with (n=16) or without (n=133) thrombotic events in the past 5 years. Abnormal PC4d (≥20 units) was measured using flow cytometry. LAC and C3 were measured using dilute Russell’s viper venom time (>37 s) and immunoturbidimetry, respectively. Anti-PS/PT antibody status (IgG) was measured by immunoassay. Statistical analysis consisted of logistic regression and calculation of OR estimates with 95% CI.ResultsAbnormal PC4d (OR=8.4, 95% CI 2.8 to 24.8), low C3 (OR=9.5, 95% CI 3.0 to 30.3), LAC (OR=5.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 22.3) and anti-PS/PT IgG (OR=3.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.7) status associated with thrombosis (p<0.05). Cumulatively, the presence of PC4d, low C3 and LAC abnormalities as a composite risk score was higher in the presence of thrombosis (1.93±0.25) than in its absence (0.81±0.06) (p<0.01). Each unit of this composite risk score yielded an OR of 5.2 (95% CI 2.5 to 10.7) to have thrombosis (p<0.01). The composite risk score with anti-PS/PT antibody status instead of LAC also associated with thrombosis (p<0.01).ConclusionA composite risk score including PC4d, low C3 and LAC was associated with recent thrombosis and acknowledges the multifactorial nature of thrombosis in SLE.

scholarly journals Quantifying Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Related Health Risks: Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Among Indian Males

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Purohit ◽  
Divya K. Bhati ◽  
Shiv D. Gupta ◽  
Azad S. Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Non-communicable diseases account for a significant disease burden in the South East Asia region. India is facing an increased incidence of lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been under investigated in India. This study was designed to explore risk factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease among Indian males.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,235 males in the age group of 18-60 years across three states of India. A household survey was used to collect demographic and socioeconomic status information in addition to lifestyle-related attributes such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to identify the role of various factors that may be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease in this population.Results: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among the male respondents contacted through a household survey was reported to be 9.8%. Logistic regression revealed that males with higher education and higher income were more likely to report CVD. With age as a strong predictor of CVD, the risk of CVD was found to be five times higher in the older age group. Current smokers were 1.3 times more likely to have CVD compared to those who never smoked. Those who were engaged in physical activity were less likely to have CVD; however, the adverse effects of smoking and excessive consumption of red meat showed a stronger association with CVD than the protective effects of physical activity.Conclusion: In developing countries, where the increase in earning capacity and change in lifestyle has been found to be accompanied by substantial risk of heart disease for males, public health measures like health promotion programs need to be implemented to decrease CVD burden.

scholarly journals Breaking the myths of competition: a cross-sectional analysis of injuries among CrossFit trained participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Feito ◽  
Evanette Burrows ◽  
Loni Tabb ◽  
Kerri-Anne Ciesielka
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Crossfit Training ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the injury rates of individuals engaged in CrossFit training and examine the risk of injury associated with competition.Study designCross-sectional analysis.MethodsDescriptive statistics, including injury incidence and rates, were examined for individuals reporting participation in a CrossFit sanctioned competition between 2013 and 2017. To examine the odds of being injured, we considered logistic regression models, where the primary independent measure was participation length—individual measures of interest included age, sex, body mass index, CrossFit affiliation and competition status.Results3049 individuals completed the survey (60% completion rate). All competitors, regardless of competition level, had similar incidence of injury (χ2=1.1, p=0.571). For those who reported competing, our calculated injury rate was 0.21–0.54 injuries per 1000 training hours, while for those not competing, the injury rate was calculated as 0.39–1.30 injuries per 1000 training hours. Logistic regression demonstrated short length of participation in CrossFit training as the main factor associated with the odds of being injured (OR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.92). Additionally, training at an official CrossFit affiliate appeared to have a protective effect from injury (OR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.10).ConclusionOur findings provide evidence of the low risk of injury related to these events. Moreover, these findings support the notion that musculoskeletal injuries may be the result of poor progression plans, which may be minimised by participating in an official CrossFit affiliate.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Neck Pain Among College Students: a Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Daher ◽  
Ofra Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Neck pain (NP), one of the most reported musculoskeletal disorders, is a major cause of illness and absence from university lessons among students. The COVID-19 pandemic affected higher education institutions worldwide. Academic studies shifted to online-learning, changing students’ habits and lifestyle. Data demonstrated that the pandemic and consequent lockdowns can affect people’s physical and mental well-being. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on the prevalence of and risk factors of NP among college students compared to the pre-epidemic period. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the form of an online questionnaire survey that included sociodemographic data, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). NP was reported at four time points—lifetime, last year, last six months, and current—on a scale ranging from never/seldom to almost every day. Logistic regression models were calculated for all study variables and compared to the (NDI) cut-off score of 15. Results: A total of 295 college students were recruited. Among them, 35.6% reported at least moderate neck-related disability (NDI≥15) and significantly more NP than before the lockdown. NP increased gradually and significantly (on a scale 1-4), from a lifetime mean of 1.80 to a mean of 2.57 last year to 2.73 during the past six months to the current mean of 3.07 (p< .001). Participants’ scores on the PSS were moderate, with 59.3% reporting a high level of study-related stress. Logistic regression models revealed that sitting more than three hours a day, high study-related stress and higher PSS and VAS scores were associated with higher risk of at least a moderate level of neck-related disability (R2=.513, p< .001). Conclusions: The transition from on-campus studies to online learning had negative effects on students. It significantly increased study-related stress and the development of NP. Identifying risk factors at an early stage may prevent NP from becoming chronic and affecting students’ future careers, thereby improving students’ quality of life.

scholarly journals Risk factors for electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in a young Chinese general population: the Hanzhong adolescent cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Yuan Liao ◽  
Ke Gao ◽  
Bo-Wen Fu ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Wen-Jing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH) is a common manifestation of preclinical cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to investigate risk factors for ECG-LVH and its prevalence in a cohort of young Chinese individuals. Methods (1) A total of 1515 participants aged 36–45 years old from our previously established cohort who were followed up in 2017 were included. Cross-sectional analysis was used to examine risk factors for ECG-LVH and its prevalence. (2) A total of 235 participants were recruited from the same cohort in 2013 and were followed up in 2017. Longitudinal analysis was used to determine the predictors of LVH occurrence over the 4-year period. We used multivariable logistic regression models to calculate OR and 95% CIs and to analyze risk factors for ECG-LVH. Results In the cross-sectional analysis, the prevalence of LVH diagnosed by the Cornell voltage-duration product in the overall population and the hypertensive population was 4.6% and 8.8%, respectively. The logistic regression results shown that female sex [2.611 (1.591–4.583)], hypertension [2.638 (1.449–4.803)], systolic blood pressure (SBP) [1.021 (1.007–1.035)], serum uric acid (SUA) [1.004 (1.001–1.006)] and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) [67.670 (13.352–342.976)] were significantly associated with the risk of LVH (all P < 0.05). In the longitudinal analysis, fasting glucose [1.377 (1.087–1.754)], SBP [1.046 (1.013–1.080)] and female sex [1.242 (1.069–1.853)] were independent predictors for the occurrence of LVH in the fourth year of follow-up. Conclusions Our study suggested that female sex, hypertension, SBP, SUA and CIMT were significantly associated with the risk of LVH in young people. In addition, fasting glucose, SBP and female sex are independent predictors of the occurrence of LVH in a young Chinese general population.

scholarly journals Poor Awareness of Hypertension in France: The CONSTANCES Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-551
Author(s):  
Goël Fenech ◽  
Alexandre Vallée ◽  
Michelle Cherfan ◽  
Sofiane Kab ◽  
Marcel Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Average Blood Pressure ◽  
Hypertension Awareness ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the hypertension (HTN) awareness and associated factors in France. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the CONSTANCES population-based cohort involving 87,808 volunteer participants included between 2012 and 2018. HTN was defined as average blood pressure (BP) over 140/90 or use of BP medication, awareness as self-reported HTN. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the associated factors. RESULTS Overall, 27,160 hypertensive participants (men = 16,569) above 18 years old were analyzed. Hypertension awareness rate was 37.5%. In the multivariable regression model, awareness was predicted by female gender, age, prior cardiovascular disease (CVD), presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), level of education, and obesity or overweight. Older participants (P &lt; 0.001), females (P &lt; 0.001), participants with comorbidities (P &lt; 0.001), were more likely to be aware when compared with younger participants, males and participants without comorbidities, respectively. The unawareness among participants without cardiometabolic factors (CMF, i.e., CVD, DM, CKD) was higher than participants with CMF (67% vs. 41%, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, some differences appeared in both genders in the association between awareness of HTN and health and lifestyle factors. CONCLUSION Our findings show that HTN awareness is low. Particular attention should be given to young men without comorbidities as these characteristics were predictors of poor awareness. Immediate action is required to improve HTN awareness in France.

Modifiable factors associated with patient-reported pain during and after screening colonoscopy

Gut ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1958-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Bugajski ◽  
Paulina Wieszczy ◽  
Geir Hoff ◽  
Maciej Rupinski ◽  
Jaroslaw Regula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Case Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Propofol Sedation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectivePain associated with colonoscopy is a major burden for patients. We investigated modifiable factors associated with patient-reported pain during and after colonoscopy.DesignThis cross-sectional analysis included database records from 23 centres participating in a population-based colonoscopy screening programme in Poland. Colonoscopies were performed under three sedation modalities: none, benzodiazepine-opioid sedation or propofol sedation. We used Gastronet (a validated tool) to assess patients’ pain during and after colonoscopy; pain was scored on a four-point scale (no, little, moderate or severe pain), with moderate to severe defined as painful. We used multivariate logistic regression models to estimate ORs for painful colonoscopy and calculated risk-adjusted ratios of painful colonoscopies per endoscopist and compared it to the mean rate.ResultsOf 35 216 screening colonoscopies in 2014 and 2015 included in our study, 22 725 (64.5%) patients returned valid Gastronet questionnaires. The proportion of examinations described as causing pain during (after) the procedure was 22.5% (14.2%) for unsedated, 19.9% (13.5%) for benzodiazepine-opioid sedation and 2.5% (7.5%) for propofol sedation. Propofol sedation, higher case volume of endoscopists, newest endoscope generation and adequate bowel preparation were significantly associated with lower odds of painful colonoscopy. Pain scores after colonoscopy showed similar associations. Adjusted pain rates during and after colonoscopy varied 11 and over 23-fold, respectively, between endoscopists.ConclusionWe identified several independent, modifiable factors associated with pain during and after colonoscopy, of which individual endoscopist was the most important. Dedicated training should be considered to decrease variability among endoscopists.

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