scholarly journals Candida sp. Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Rodrigues ◽  
Mariana Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Candidiasis has increased substantially worldwide over recent decades and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among critically ill patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that predisposes individuals to fungal infections, including those related to Candida sp., due to a immunosuppressive effect on the patient. This review aims to discuss the latest studies regarding the occurrence of candidiasis on DM patients and the pathophysiology and etiology associated with these co-morbidities. A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken. PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier’s ScienceDirect, and Springer’s SpringerLink databases were searched using well-defined search terms. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to classify relevant manuscripts. Results of the review show that DM patients have an increased susceptibility to Candida sp. infections which aggravates in the cases of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. The conclusion is that, for these patients, the hospitalization periods have increased and are commonly associated with the prolonged use of indwelling medical devices, which also increase the costs associated with disease management.

scholarly journals Suprafascial Free Flaps: Classification and Comprehensive Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 247275122110205
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rios ◽  
María Isabel Falguera-Uceda ◽  
Alicia Dean ◽  
Susana Heredero
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Anterolateral Thigh Flap ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Search Terms

Study Design: Suprafascial free flaps have become common place in reconstructive surgery units. Nomenclature related to these flaps has not been uniform throughout the scientific literature, especially in regard to planes of dissection. This study is designed as a comprehensive review of the literature. Objectives: Our study highlights which flaps are used most frequently, their main indications, their survival rate, and how they have evolved in the last few decades as innovations have been introduced. Methods: A review of the literature was performed using keywords and Medical Subject Headings search terms. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched using the appropriate search terms. Data collected from each study included flap type, dissection plane, preoperative planning, area of reconstruction, as well as complications, donor-site morbidity and survival rate. Results: Seven hundred and fifty-five studies were found based on the search criteria. After full-text screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria 34 studies were included. A total of 1332 patients were comprised in these studies. The most common types of flaps used were superficial circumflex iliac perforator flap (SCIP), anterolateral thigh flap (ALT), and radial forearm flap. The most common areas of reconstruction were head & neck and limbs. There was no significant difference in survival rates between flaps that were raised in different planes of dissection. Conclusions: Based on the author’s review of the literature, suprafascial flaps are reliable, they have low donor site morbidity, and there is a wide selection available for harvest. The use of new technologies for preoperative planning, such as CT-Angiography and UHF ultrasound, have contributed to have more predictable results. We propose a standardized classification for these flaps, in order to create a uniform nomenclature for future reference.

CASE SERIES: A SPECTRUM OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Venkatesh B. C. ◽  
Rajendra Rao K. M. ◽  
K. N. Mohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Causative Agents

Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing a major health crisis across the globe. With the increasing number of fungal infections associated with COVID-19 being reported, it is imperative to understand the spectrum of such infections. Most documented cases have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus or treatment with immunomodulators. The most common causative agents are Aspergillus, Candida or Mucorales. This series aims to portray the spectrum of fungal infections associated with COVID-19.

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in white and black patients with diabetes mellitus

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-469
Author(s):  
M C Kew ◽  
M E MacKay ◽  
A Mindel ◽  
B I Joffe ◽  
B Kusman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (anti-HBS) was determined in 531 white and 519 black diabetic outpatients and in appropriate white and black control populations. There was no difference between the prevalence of either HBSAg or anti-HBS in either the white or black diabetics and that in the white and black controls. These findings make it unlikely that the vast majority of patients with diabetes mellitus have either an increased susceptibility to infection by the hepatitis B virus or an impaired ability to clear the virus once they are infected.

Eating Disorders in Non-Dance Performing Artists: A Systematic Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna E Kapsetaki ◽  
Charlie Easmon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Search Terms

PURPOSE: Previous literature on dancers and athletes has shown a large impact of eating disorders (EDs) on these individuals, but there is limited research on EDs affecting non-dance performing artists (i.e., musicians, actors, etc.). This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the literature on EDs in non-dance performing artists. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed on 24 databases, using search terms related to EDs and non-dance performing artists. All results from the databases were systematically screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The initial search returned 86,383 total articles, which after screening and removal of duplicates and irrelevant papers yielded 129 results. After screening the 129 full-text results for eligibility, 10 studies met criteria for inclusion: 6 papers addressed EDs in musicians, and 4 papers addressed EDs in theatre performers. Most studies used questionnaires and body mass index (BMI) as diagnostic tools for EDs. Most were small-scale studies and participants were mostly students. Because of the studies’ heterogeneity and varying quality, the results obtained were often contradictory and questionable. CONCLUSIONS: Although there has been a lot of literature in dancers, we found relatively few studies associating EDs with other performing artists, and most were inconsistent in their information.

scholarly journals Assessment of Candidal carriage in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Lamichhane ◽  
K Boaz ◽  
S Natarajan ◽  
M Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: It is generally acknowledged that patients with diabetes mellitus are more susceptible to fungal infections, particularly with Candida albicans. Oral infection by Candida can result in a number of clinical lesions, including median rhomboid glossitis (central papillary atrophy), denture stomatitis, squamous cell carcinoma, Radiation therapy, immunocompromised status, etc. Different studies have shown that patients with diabetes mellitus have increased frequency of oral candidal carriage and increased risk of candidiasis, which is related to poor metabolic control, neutrophil dysfunction, reduced salivary flow, high glucose concentration in blood and saliva and in medications.Materials and Methods: Subjects of both the groups were given 10 ml of sterile normal saline and asked to rinse the mouth for one minute. The subjects were then asked to return the oral rinse in a sterile clean, broad-mouthed container which was capped, labelled and taken to the laboratory. The samples were then inoculated onto the culture medium (Sabouraud’s dextrose agar with Chloramphenicol) with minimal delay (within 6-8 hours of collection of oral rinse). Candidal colonies were counted and compared with non-diabetics.Results: Statistically significant increase in colony forming units (p=0.0324) were obtainedin patients with diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: The results indicate significant increase in colonization and carriage of candida in the oral cavity among diabetics when compared with non-diabetics. However, further research using larger samples is required which may lend credibility to the suggestion of increased candidal CFUs in diabetics serving as a surrogate marker of serum glucose levels.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2015) Vol. 5, 733-738

THYROID, GASTRIC AND ADRENAL AUTO-IMMUNITY IN DIABETES MELLITUS

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørn Nerup ◽  
Christian Binder
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Gastric Parietal Cell ◽  
Cell Antibody ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Microsomal Antibody ◽  
Parietal Cell Antibody ◽  
Immunological System

ABSTRACT The clinical association between diabetes mellitus and auto-immune diseases of the thyroid, the adrenals and the gastric mucosa occurs more frequently than could be expected by chance. Sera from 133 patients with diabetes mellitus and 128 controls were therefore investigated for the presence of organ-specific auto-antibodies. Thyroid microsomal antibody and gastric-parietal-cell antibody were demonstrated with significantly increased frequency – 20% and 16% respectively – in sera from patients with diabetes mellitus. Antibodies reacting specifically with tissue components of the endocrine pancreas could not be demonstrated. From the data presented and from a review of the literature it is concluded that evidence is accumulating pointing to a disorder of the immunological system in patients with diabetes mellitus with regard to the formation of organ-specific humoral and cellular auto-immunity, and the occurrence of organ-specific auto-immune diseases.

scholarly journals Role Modeling: A Precious Heritage in Medical Education / Učenje po modelu: dragoceno nasleđe u medicinskom obrazovanju

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mirhaghi ◽  
Hossein Karimi Moonaghi ◽  
Simin Sharafi ◽  
Amir Emami Zeydi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Role Modeling ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Education Review

Summary Role modeling is a powerful form of learning and an integral part of medical education. Although role modeling has a longstanding history, it has not received enough attention in medical education. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive review of the literature to describe dimensions of role modeling in medical education. Review of the literature was undertaken using the international databases with the following search terms or their combinations: “role modeling”, “observational learning” and “medical education” up to September 2014. Relevant articles were retrieved. A total of 39 articles were included in this review. The results showed that clinical excellence, humanistic personality and excellence in teaching composed three essential elements of role modeling. Basic outcomes of role modeling in medical education are humanism and professionalism. In conclusion, role modeling as an outstanding educational approach has been recommended for enhancing humanism and professionalism in medical education.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AGE, GENDER,DURATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND HBA1C WITH THYROID PROFILE IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar MK ◽  
Sanjay Zachariah ◽  
Annette Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Thyroid Profile ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus can be observed in any age group and gender. If it is not treated on time, it can lead to development of other disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the association of age, gender, duration of diabetes and HbA1C with thyroid profile in patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 diabetic patients based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study protocol was explained to each patient and informed consent was obtained. All the patients demographic and clinical data was recorded and analysed. SPSS (16.0) version used for analysis. Results: Patients between 41-50 years of age showed more of hypothyroid profile. Males are less prone to thyroid disorders compared to females. Patients with DM less than 10 years showed hypothyroid profile. Maximum hypothyroid patients showed HbA1C level less than 7%. Conclusion: The study results conclude that as age progresses, females are more prone to thyroid disorders compared to males. Keywords: Age, Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid, Gender, HbA1C, Euthyroid

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