scholarly journals New Horizons in Early Dementia Diagnosis: Can Cerebellar Stimulation Untangle the Knot?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Antonino Naro ◽  
Angela Marra ◽  
Luana Billeri ◽  
Simona Portaro ◽  
Rosaria De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Early Dementia ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Cerebellar Stimulation

Differentiating Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from dementia and estimating the risk of MCI-to-dementia conversion (MDC) are challenging tasks. Thus, objective tools are mandatory to get early diagnosis and prognosis. About that, there is a growing interest on the role of cerebellum-cerebrum connectivity (CCC). The aim of this study was to differentiate patients with an early diagnosis of dementia and MCI depending on the effects of a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol (intermittent theta-burst stimulation -iTBS) delivered on the cerebellum able to modify cortico-cortical connectivity. Indeed, the risk of MDC is related to the response to iTBS, being higher in non-responder individuals. All patients with MCI, but eight (labelled as MCI-), showed preserved iTBS aftereffect. Contrariwise, none of the patients with dementia showed iTBS aftereffects. None of the patients showed EEG aftereffects following a sham TBS protocol. Five among the MCI- patients converted to dementia at 6-month follow-up. Our data suggest that cerebellar stimulation by means of iTBS may support the differential diagnosis between MCI and dementia and potentially identify the individuals with MCI who may be at risk of MDC. These findings may help clinicians to adopt a better prevention/follow-up strategy in such patients.

scholarly journals Effect of neurological screening on early dementia detection in southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052094976
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina De Cola ◽  
Giuseppe Triglia ◽  
Martina Camera ◽  
Francesco Corallo ◽  
Marcella Di Cara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Early Dementia ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Neurological Alterations ◽  
Medical Examinations

Objective Population screening can facilitate early diagnosis of dementia and improve disease management. This study examined the effects of a screening campaign for neurodegenerative disorders on the early diagnosis of dementia using 2-year follow-up data. Methods A 5-day screening campaign was conducted that comprised neurological, neuropsychological and other specialist examinations. Identification of alterations during the neurological examination was followed-up by further diagnostic examinations to confirm the neurological impairment. Results Neurological alterations were observed in 39% of the screened subjects, who were mostly diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and referred to a dementia and cognitive disorders centre. Suspicion of neurological impairment was a risk factor for inclusion in a specific neurological ambulatory follow-up and a condition for exemption from payment for medical examinations. Conclusions Neurodegenerative screening initiatives should include subjects selected by general practitioners. It would be useful to create a network including primary care physicians and cognitive disorder centres. Telemedicine tools (e.g., teleconsulting) could also be used to facilitate early diagnosis.

Role of CEUS in Vascular Pathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Cantisani ◽  
Nicola Di Leo ◽  
Emanuele David ◽  
Dirk-André Clevert
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates ◽  
Time Evaluation

AbstractIn recent years, the implementation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in clinical practice has opened new horizons in the arterial pathologies research field, since this technique is able to supply new sets of data that can be crucial in patient management. The main applications of CEUS in the arterial system are the detection, characterization, and follow-up of carotid plaques and endoleaks after EVAR. Other situations in which CEUS was demonstrated to be a useful tool are large vessel vasculitis, dissections, and untreated aneurysms. In carotid atherosclerosis CEUS is not only able to acquire quantitative data about stenosis but also to perform a qualitative assessment of the plaque. The most important plaque features that CEUS is able to depict are ulceration, neovascularization, and the presence of inflammatory infiltrates. All of these factors contribute to plaque vulnerability. Thus, CEUS is crucial in order to allow better risk stratification and management of patients. In follow-up after EVAR, CEUS shows sensitivity and specificity values similar to CTA while ensuring several advantages, such as lower cost and the absence of ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic agents. Moreover, CEUS is able to offer real-time evaluation of endoleaks and thus is a useful tool in cases that are ambiguous on CTA. Most limitations are patient-related and are the same as in all other ultrasound techniques, such as high BMI and meteorism.

scholarly journals Standardized Protocol for Hemodialysis Vascular Access Assessment: The Role of Ultrasound and ColorDoppler

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Nalesso ◽  
Francesco Garzotto ◽  
Ilaria Petrucci ◽  
Sara Samoni ◽  
Grazia Maria Virzì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Hemodialysis Vascular Access ◽  
Simple Step ◽  
Artery Flow

Introduction: Ultrasound and colorDoppler technique, which is relatively inexpensive, rapid, non-invasive and repeatable is a powerful tool used for early diagnosis of vascular access (VA) complications in hemodialysis patients. To date a standard and widely comprehensible echocolorDoppler (ECD) protocol is not available. Materials and Methods: A simple step-by-step protocol based on anatomical and hemodynamic parameters of VA has been developed during a 3-years VA ECD follow-up. It consists of an ECD study scheme. The algorithm created involves the calculation of brachial artery flow, description of artero-venous and/or graft-vascular anastomosis and efferent vessel and/or graft. Results: The algorithm allows to formulate a medical report that takes into account both anatomic and hemodynamic parameters of the VA. Reduction of complications and the prevention of chronic complications as well as the early detection of acute problems were achieved. Discussion and Conclusion: The creation of a step-by-step protocol may simplify the multidisciplinary management of VA, its monitoring and the early diagnosis of its complications.

Role of active follow-up for early diagnosis of relapse after elective end of therapies

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Biasotti ◽  
Alberto Garaventa ◽  
Paola Padovani ◽  
Maura Faraci ◽  
Francesca Fioredda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis

scholarly journals The Role of miR-107 in Prostate Cancer: A Review and Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizbeth Alvarez-Sanchez ◽  
Oscar Rojas Espinosa ◽  
Julio César Torres-Romero ◽  
Ereth Ameyatzin Robles Chávez ◽  
Edgar Estrella-Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Endogenous Regulators ◽  
New Biomarkers

Over the past two decades, several research groups have focused on the functioning of microRNAs (miRNAs), because many of them function as positive or negative endogenous regulators of processes that alter during the development of cancer. Prostate cancer is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men. New biomarkers are needed to support the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Although it is necessary to deepen the research on this molecule to explore its potential utility in the diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis of cancer, our results support a role of miR-107 in the signaling cascades that allow cancer progression, and as shown here, in the progression of Prostate Cancer (PCa). These findings strongly suggest that miR-107 may be a potential circulating biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Early and late pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 on computed tomography scan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samarra Mongi Kaabi ◽  
Ahmad Nasser Madkhali ◽  
Naif Hussain Alqahtani ◽  
Ammar Adel Bakhsh ◽  
Yousef Hussain Alharthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Halo Sign ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tomography Scan

Computed tomography (CT) of the chest has been previously reported as an efficacious approach for the early diagnosis and suspicion of COVID-19 infection, as diagnosis with other modalities is usually time-consuming and cannot detect the disease within the early stages. Many pulmonary manifestations have been previously observed under CT imaging of the chest. All of them have been linked with the different stages of the disease, indicating their abilities to diagnose and follow-up these patients.This present literature review aims to discuss the role of CT imaging of the chest in COVID-19 infections and it also aims to elaborate the common pulmonary manifestations that can be frequently observed to help with the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Moreover, ground-glass opacities (GGOs) have been reported among studies in the literature to be the most common findings as they remain the earliest among other diseases. The literature review also aims to invistagate whether GGOs can fade away or progress to consolidate in order to decide the prognosis of the disease and to identify the severity of cases. Consolidations have also been previously stated among studies in the literature as frequent pulmonary manifestations affecting patients with COVID-19 infections and are estimated to be present in 2-63% of patients with COVID-19 infections. Other pulmonary manifestations might also include bronchiectasis, lymphadenopathy, nodules, pleural effusion or thickening, and halo sign.

scholarly journals D-Dimer to Fibrinogen Ratio as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Patients After Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962094858
Author(s):  
Yan Bai ◽  
Ying-Ying Zheng ◽  
Jun-Nan Tang ◽  
Xu-Ming Yang ◽  
Qian-Qian Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Dimer

The role of activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has drawn wide attention. Recently, the D-dimer to fibrinogen ratio (DFR) is considered as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism. However, few studies have explored the relationship between DFR and cardiovascular disease. In our study, patients were divided into 2 groups according to DFR value: the lower group (DFR < 0.52, n = 2123) and the higher group (DFR ≥ 0.52, n = 1073). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM). The average follow-up time was 37.59 ± 22.24 months. We found that there were significant differences between the 2 groups in term of ACM (2.4% vs 6.6%, P < 0.001) and CM (1.5% vs 4.0%, P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that elevated DFR had higher incidences of ACM (log rank P < 0.001) and CM (log rank P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that DFR was an independent predictor of ACM (HR = 1.743, 95%CI: 1.187-2.559 P = 0.005) and CM (HR = 1.695, 95%CI: 1.033-2.781 P = 0.037). This study indicates that DFR is an independent and novel predictor of long-term ACM and CM in post-PCI patients with CAD.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Serum MicroRNAs in Ovarian Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Yin Min ◽  
Chen Aiping
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Serum Mirnas ◽  
Tumor Specificity ◽  
Serum Micrornas

AimSummarize the research progress of serum miRNAs in clinical application for early diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. MethodsReview of the recently published literature these was conducted. We selected reviews and clinical researches from different scientific societies.ResultsThe abnormal expression of serum miRNAs has a certain clinical value in theearly diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Many miRNAs, which are involved in regulating ovarian cancer cell growth, migration, and drug resistance, are also closely related to the patients’ survival rate and affect the prognostic condition of the patients. So the serum miRNAs may be useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.Conclusions Studies have shown that serum miRNAs has the tumor specificity and high stability, enabling it has the potential for early diagnosis, prognosis and sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, the researches on serum miRNAs is still at the primary stage, further researches is needed for application of serum miRNAs in early diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer.

Scleroma of the lower respiratory tract: a bronchoscopic study

1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Subglottic Region ◽  
Proliferative Stage

AbstractTwenty cases suffering from rhinoscleroma were studied. Bronchoscopy was performed for detection of secondary involvement of the subglottic region, trachea and bronchus. The study revealed that the larynx was involved in 40 per cent, the trachea in 20 per cent and the bronchus in 10 per cent of cases. The intranasal lesion, endotracheal and endobroncheal lesions all occur in the form of an atrophic stage, granulomatous (proliferative) stage and finally a fibrotic or scarring stage. The role of bronchoscopy in early diagnosis, initial symptomatic treatment and in follow-up is discussed in the light of the available literature.

Primary Aldosteronism, Aldosterone, and Extracellular Vesicles

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian A Carvajal ◽  
Alejandra Tapia-Castillo ◽  
Jorge A Pérez ◽  
Carlos E Fardella
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

Abstract Primary aldosteronism (PA) is an endocrine related condition leading to arterial hypertension due to inappropriately high and unregulated aldosterone concentration. Recently, a broad spectrum of PA has been recognized, which brings new challenges associated with early identification of this condition that affect renal epithelial and extrarenal tissues. Reports have shown the potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV cargo as novel and complementary biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis of PA. In vivo and in vitro studies have identified specific EV surface antigens, EV-proteins, and EV microRNAs that can be useful to develop novel diagnostic algorithms to detect, confirm, or follow up the PA. Moreover, the study of EVs in the field of PA provides further insight in the pathophysiological mechanism of the PA disease.

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