scholarly journals A 3D Follow-Up Study of Cranial Asymmetry from Early Infancy to Toddler Age after Preterm versus Term Birth

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1665
Author(s):  
Anniina M. Launonen ◽  
Henri Aarnivala ◽  
Panagiotis Kyteas ◽  
Ville Vuollo ◽  
Tuomo Heikkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Full Term ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Deformational Plagiocephaly ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Cranial Asymmetry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preterm Group

Preterm infants are at higher risk for both symmetrical and asymmetrical head molding. This study involved 3D stereophotogrammetry to assess the cranial growth, molding, and incidence of deformational plagiocephaly (DP) in preterm children compared to term born children. Thirty-four preterm infants and 34 term born controls were enrolled in this study from Oulu University Hospital, Finland. Three-dimensional head images were obtained at the age of 2–4 months (T1), 5–7 months (T2), 11–13 months (T3), and 2.5–3 years (T4) from the term equivalent age (TEA). There was no statistically significant difference in oblique cranial length ratio (OCLR), cephalic index (CI), or weighted asymmetry score (wAS) between the two groups. Occipital flattening, defined by flatness score (FS) was statistically significantly greater in the preterm group than in the term group at T1–T4 (p < 0.05). In both groups, OCLR improved gradually over time. There were no instances, in either group, of severe DP and no moderate DP after T2. Results indicate that DP affects preterm and full-term children almost equally during the first three years of life, and cranial asymmetry resolves at a similar rate in both preterm and term groups after three months of corrected age. Preterm infants present with more occipital flattening than full-term children.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effect of Preterm Birth on Renal Function: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Ju Sun Heo ◽  
Jiwon M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Preterm Born

The preterm-born adult population is ever increasing following improved survival rates of premature births. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate long-term effects of preterm birth on renal function in preterm-born survivors. We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies that compared renal function in preterm-born survivors and full-term-born controls, published until 2 February 2019. A random effects model with standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for meta-analyses. Heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using Higgin’s I2 statistics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Of a total of 24,388 articles screened, 27 articles were finally included. Compared to full-term-born controls, glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were significantly decreased in preterm survivors (SMD −0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.85 to −0.22, p = 0.0008; SMD −0.39, 95% CI, −0.74 to −0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). Length and volume of the kidneys were significantly decreased in the preterm group compared to the full-term controls (SMD −0.73, 95% CI, −1.04 to −0.41, p < 0.001; SMD −0.82, 95% CI, −1.05 to −0.60, p < 0.001, respectively). However, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin C showed no significant difference. The urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio was significantly increased in the preterm group. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also significantly elevated in the preterm group, although the plasma renin level did not differ. This meta-analysis demonstrates that preterm-born survivors may be subject to decreased glomerular filtration, increased albuminuria, decreased kidney size and volume, and hypertension even though their laboratory results may not yet deteriorate.

Reduction in Obstructive Breathing Events During Body Rocking: A Controlled Polygraphic Study in Preterm and Full-Term Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
J. Groswasser ◽  
M. Sottiaux ◽  
E. Rebuffat ◽  
T. Simon ◽  
M. Vandeweyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apneas

Objective. To investigate the effect of body rocking on infant respiratory behavior during sleep. Methods. Eighteen infants with documented obstructive sleep apneas were studied. There were eight premature infants with persistent bradycardias and 10 infants born full-term, admitted after an idiopathic apparent life-threatening event. No cause for the obstructive apneas was found. The infants were recorded with polygraphic techniques during two successive nights. They were randomly assigned to a rocking or a nonrocking mattress. The conditions were reversed the following night, in a crossover design. Results. In both groups of infants, no significant difference was seen between the two consecutive nights for most of the variables studied: total sleep time, the proportion of non-rapid-eye-movement and rapid-eye-movement sleep, the number of arousals, the number and maximal duration of central apneas, the frequency of periodic breathing, the level of oxygen saturation, and heart rate. During the nonrocking nights, all infants had repeated obstructive breathing events. In seven of the eight preterm infants and in nine of the 10 full-term subjects, body rocking was associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of obstructive events. During rocking, in the preterm infants the obstructions fell from a median of 2.5 to 1.8 episodes per hour (P = .034). In the full-term infants, rocking reduced the obstructive events from a median of 1.5 obstructions per hour to 0.7 (P = .005). No difference was seen for the duration of the obstructive episodes. Conclusion. In preterm and full-term infants prone to obstructive sleep apneas, gentle side-to-side body rocking is associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of upper-airway obstructions.

scholarly journals Functionality of children aged 5 to 7 years born prematurely

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Natalia Trindade de Souza ◽  
Paula Silva de Carvalho Chagas ◽  
Gabriela Gomes de Campos ◽  
Elisa de Jesus Valenzuela ◽  
Jaqueline da Silva Frônio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Research ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Development Objective

Abstract Introduction: Preterm birth is one of several risk factors that can compromise child growth and development. Objective: Evaluate the functionality of 5 to 7-year-old schoolchildren born prematurely and compare them to children born full-term. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 110 children divided into 2 groups (55 in the preterm group - PTG; 55 in the full-term group - FTG). Sociodemographic data were collected of the families and children and the families were economically classified according to the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria - CCEB (Brazilian Association of Market Research Companies - ABEP) Functionality was assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Results: With respect to the descriptive variables, significant differences were observed for gestational age (p < 0.001), birth weight (p < 0.001), complications during the perinatal period (p < 0.001), current diseases (p = 0.010) and schooling level of the child (p = 0.023). In regard to functionality, on the Caregiver Assistance scale, a significant difference was recorded for mobility (p = 0.009). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that 5 to 7-year-old schoolchildren born prematurely showed no differences in functional skills when compared to full-term children. However, the caregivers of preterm children provide greater mobility assistance compared to those caring for full-term children.

scholarly journals Peripheral Neutrophil- Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Seizure in Preterm Infants with Intra-Ventricular Hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Heba Ibrahim Ashraf ◽  
Abd El-Rahman Mohamed El-Mashad ◽  
Mai Rabie El-Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Peripheral Neutrophil

Background: Preterm infants with Intra-Ventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) are at risk for developing significant complications, including post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and seizures. Neonatal seizures are the most common overt manifestation of neurological dysfunction in the newborn, and is associated with short- and long-term adverse effects. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the value of Peripheral Neutrophil- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of seizure in preterm infants with intra-ventricular hemorrhage. Methods: This prospective cohort study that comprised 60 Preterm infants with IVH admitted at NICU pediatric department Tanta university hospital from November 2019 to May 2020, Preterm infants were divided into two groups according to incidence of seizure. Preterm infants in this study subjected to Careful history taking, clinical examination and investigations (laboratory and Trans-cranial ultrasound) as well as analysis of result and follow up clinical status for development of seizure. Results: There was a statistically highly significant difference regarding NLR and development of seizure with p value <0.001 (NLR ≥ 2.3 with sensitivity 96%, specificity 93%, Area under the curve 0.849 and accuracy 84.9%). Conclusion: NLR is a predictor of seizure in preterm infants with intra-ventricular hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Translation step-cut osteotomy for posttraumatic Cubitus Varus in adults: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Ryul Kim ◽  
Yoong Jae Moon ◽  
Sung Il Wang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Delayed Union ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cubitus Varus ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension

Abstract Background Cubitus varus is a complex three-dimensional deformity. Various osteotomies have been introduced to correct this complex deformity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes of adult cubitus varus deformity treated with translation step-cut osteotomy. Methods Seventeen consecutive patients with a mean age of 25 years (range, 19–50 years) who underwent translation step-cut osteotomy were enrolled in this study. Their average follow-up period was 28.2 months. Radiographic measurements preoperatively, 3-month postoperatively, and at the last follow-up were compared. Functional outcomes were assessed using Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), and Oppenheim criteria. Results The mean humerus–elbow–wrist angle improved from 14.7° ± 6.4° (range, 6°–23°) varus preoperatively to 12.1° ± 6.6° (range, 5°–20°) valgus postoperatively (p <  0.001). The lateral prominence index improved 9.6% from its preoperative value, showing no significant difference from that of a normal elbow. Osseous union was radiographically demonstrated in 16 patients (except one out of 17 patients) within a mean of 12.7 weeks (range, 8–18 weeks). The motion arc of the elbow at the last follow-up was not significantly (p > 0.05) different from that at the initial presentation. Based on Oppenheim criteria, results were excellent for 7, good for 8, and poor for 2 patients. Mean final DASH value and MEPS were 2.5 ± 3.8 points (range, 0–15 points) and 97.0 ± 5.8 points (range, 85–100 points), respectively. With regard to complications, one case had delayed union and one case had transient radial nerve injury. Conclusion Translation step-cut osteotomy using Y plate is an efficient procedure to correct varus alignment and flexion-extension deformities so that they are within normal limits of adults with post-traumatic cubitus varus deformity. Trial registration Institutional Review Board of Jeonbuk National University Hospital (IRB No. 2020–01-020).

Very preterm infants displayed similar imitation skills to full‐term infants at term equivalent age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Koenig‐Zores ◽  
Mathilde Davy‐Monteil ◽  
Véronique Vincent ◽  
Dominique Astruc ◽  
Nicolas Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Very Preterm

scholarly journals Excessively High Magnetic Resonance Signal in Preterm Infants and Neuropsychobehavioural Follow-up at 2 Years

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Domizio ◽  
E. Barbante ◽  
C. Puglielli ◽  
E. Clementini ◽  
R. Domizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Delayed Maturation

The diffuse excessive high-signal intensity (DEHSI) findings in the T2 weighted scans of white matter (WM), besides the corresponding low signal in the T1 weighted images, are usually more evident around the periventricular regions. It is not clear whether the DEHSI should be considered as a diffuse WM injury rather than a sign of delayed maturation of the WM. Eighty nine preterm infants at the full-term equivalent age (FEA) were studied using conventional Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging of the brain. Based on the MR findings, the infants studied were divided into three groups: the control group presenting normal WM, the DEHSI group and the group with other WM lesions. Ten newborns were not included in the statistical analysis because they presented evidence of precedent germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) which cannot be considered as WM lesions. Seventy nine infants were enrolled in a program of neuropsychobehavioural study follow-up until 24 months of age. Each infant was evaluated for those variables which mostly affect the occurrence of neuropsychomotor disability. In the DEHSI infant group, significantly lower mean pH and mean base excess (BE) values were found in comparison to controls, while the mean birth weight (BW) was significantly higher. No significant difference was observed between the mean 1st minute Apgar Score, mean birth gestational age (GA) and assisted ventilation mean duration of controls and DEHSI groups. Finally, no significant difference between the parameters studied was found by comparing the WM lesion infants group to the DEHSI infants one. Our observations, together with follow-up studies, even up to school age, confirm that DEHSI has a clinical significance and cannot be considered as a simple indicator of delayed WM maturation.

DEPRESSION AMONG MOTHERS WITH PRETERM INFANTS AND THEIR STRESS-COPING STRATEGIES

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester N. Madu ◽  
Johannes J. roos
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference

This study examined the level of maternal depressive symptoms and ways of coping among mothers with preterm infants as compared with those of 50 mothers with full-term babies. It was conducted in a hospital in Pretoria, South Africa, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Cox, Holden, & Sagovsky, 1987) and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1988). No significant difference was found in the level of depression between the two groups. The overall level of depression found with both combined groups, was 2–3 times higher than those suggested in the literature. A positive correlation was found between the “Seeking Social Support” coping strategy and higher levels of depression among mothers of preterm infants. A positive correlation was also found among mothers of full-term infants who used the “Accepting Responsibility” coping strategy and higher levels of depression. The high number of mothers in this study identified as suffering from a depressive illness of varying severity raises concern. A clear need for professional help among this population is emphasized. Future research in this area is needed in order to better understand and effectively address this problem.

scholarly journals Feeding Performance in Preterm Infants and Full Term Infants at 40 Weeks Postmenstrual Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Gunjan Gupta ◽  
Kaniyanoor Venkatesan Vijay Kumar ◽  
R. Anitha ◽  
Binu Ninan
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Feeding Performance ◽  
New Born ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Innate Behaviour

Introduction: Feeding problems are commonly reported among preterm infants. As premature infants are born before adequate maturation, inadequate feeding capabilities are common among preterm infants. Feeding is an innate behaviour in a new born. Swallowing is evident in a foetus by 16th week of gestation (Tuchman, 1994). By 40th week of gestation, neural processes are expected to mature completely. Feeding is an innate behaviour in a new born. Swallowing is evident in a foetus by 16th week of gestation. By 40th week of gestation, neural processes are expected to mature completely. Since the premature infants are born before adequate maturation of the systems, it is not unusual for them to have inadequate feeding capabilities.Material and Methods: This study aimed to compare feeding performance in preterm (between 30 and 34 weeks GA) and full term infants at 40 weeks Post menstrual age. Seventy infants and their mothers served as participants. A close ended questionnaire documented the oral reflexes, oro-motor skills, oro-sensory skills and feeding history in infants.Results: Results were tabulated under feeding history, (viz; history of use of nasogastric feeding, duration of feeding, episodes of coughing/ choking and vomiting, fussing during feeding, noisy breathing) and oral skills. Significant difference in feeding behaviour was observed between the term and preterm infants at 40 weeks post menstrual age. Conclusion: Hence the need for Speech Language Pathologist to evaluate feeding behaviour at 40 weeks post menstrual age becomes necessary.

scholarly journals Psychomotor development of preterm infants aged 6 to 12 months

2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Helena Eickmann ◽  
Natália Ferraz de Araújo Malkes ◽  
Marília de Carvalho Lima
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Significant Difference

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The immaturity of preterm infants' organ systems may lead to difficulties in adapting to different environmental stimuli. The aim was to compare the psychomotor development of preterm infants (with corrected age) and term infants aged 6 to 12 months and to investigate associated factors.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted at Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.METHODS: The sample consisted of 135 infants (45 preterm and 90 full-term) aged 6 to 12 months. Neuropsychomotor development was assessed using the Bayley III cognitive, language and motor subscales. Biological, socioeconomic and demographic data were gathered from medical records and through interviews with mothers.RESULTS: The mean cognitive, language and motor indices were within the range of normality for the sample as a whole. No significant difference in the development of infants born preterm and full-term was observed, except for expressive communication, in which preterm infants presented a lower index. Motor development was influenced by biological factors, and the poorest performances were observed in male infants; birth weight birth weight < 1500 g; Apgar score at five minutes < 7; weight-, length- and head circumference-for-age < -1 Z-score; and exclusively breastfeeding for < two months.CONCLUSIONS: Prematurity did not influence the psychomotor development of infants in this study population. Motor development was the most affected domain in the sample as a whole, especially due to biological factors. Investigations on child neuropsychomotor development should try to identify many determinant factors because of its multifactorial nature.

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