scholarly journals Psychomotor development of preterm infants aged 6 to 12 months

2012 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Helena Eickmann ◽  
Natália Ferraz de Araújo Malkes ◽  
Marília de Carvalho Lima
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Significant Difference

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The immaturity of preterm infants' organ systems may lead to difficulties in adapting to different environmental stimuli. The aim was to compare the psychomotor development of preterm infants (with corrected age) and term infants aged 6 to 12 months and to investigate associated factors.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted at Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.METHODS: The sample consisted of 135 infants (45 preterm and 90 full-term) aged 6 to 12 months. Neuropsychomotor development was assessed using the Bayley III cognitive, language and motor subscales. Biological, socioeconomic and demographic data were gathered from medical records and through interviews with mothers.RESULTS: The mean cognitive, language and motor indices were within the range of normality for the sample as a whole. No significant difference in the development of infants born preterm and full-term was observed, except for expressive communication, in which preterm infants presented a lower index. Motor development was influenced by biological factors, and the poorest performances were observed in male infants; birth weight birth weight < 1500 g; Apgar score at five minutes < 7; weight-, length- and head circumference-for-age < -1 Z-score; and exclusively breastfeeding for < two months.CONCLUSIONS: Prematurity did not influence the psychomotor development of infants in this study population. Motor development was the most affected domain in the sample as a whole, especially due to biological factors. Investigations on child neuropsychomotor development should try to identify many determinant factors because of its multifactorial nature.

scholarly journals Differences in walking attainment ages between low-risk preterm and healthy full-term infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Restiffe ◽  
José Luiz D. Gherpelli
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
Predictive Variables

OBJECTIVE: To compare gross motor development of preterm infants (PT) without cerebral palsy with healthy full-term (FT) infants, according to Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS); to compare the age of walking between PT and FT; and whether the age of walking in PT is affected by neonatal variables. METHODS: Prospective study compared monthly 101 PT and 52 FT, from the first visit, until all AIMS items had been observed. Results: Mean scores were similarity in their progression, except from the eighth to tenth months. FT infants were faster in walking attainment than PT. Birth weight and length and duration of neonatal nursery stay were related to walking delay. CONCLUSION: Gross motor development between PT and FT were similar, except from the eighth to tenth months of age. PT walked later than FT infants and predictive variables were birth weight and length, and duration of neonatal intensive unit stay.

Neurodevelopment and Growth of a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants Compared to Full-Term Infants in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
Rubia Fuentefria ◽  
Rita Silveira ◽  
Renato Procianoy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Motor Disability

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the neurodevelopment and growth of very low birth weight (BW) preterm infants, at 8 and 18 months corrected age (CA), compared with full term in Brazil. Methods Prospective cohort study including 83 preterm infants with BW ≤ 1,500 g and gestational age ≤ 32 weeks, and 52 full-term control infants. Preterm infants free from significant sensory and motor disability, and from congenital anomalies were included. Alberta infant motor scale (AIMS) and Brunet–Lèzini scale (BLS) were used to evaluate the neurodevelopment at 8 and 18 months. Anthropometric measurements were collected to evaluate the growth in both age groups. Results At 8 months CA, preterm infants scored significantly lower in total AIMS score (p = 0.001). At 18 months, they scored significantly lower on the stand subscale from AIMS (p = 0.040) and exhibited poor psychomotor development in the BLS (p = 0.006). The nutritional status showed significant differences between the groups, in both age groups (p < 0.001). There were positive correlations between nutritional status and AIMS (r = 0.420; p < 0.001) and BLS (r = 0.456; p < 0.001) at 8 months, and between head circumference and BLS (r = 0.235; p < 0.05) at 8 months and AIMS (r = 0.258; p < 0.05) at 18 months. Conclusion Very low BW preterm infants at 8 and 18 months CA showed significant differences in the neurodevelopment and growth pattern when compared with their full-term peers.

scholarly journals Motor Development Evaluation of Low Risk Preterm Infants through the First Six Months of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Typical Sequence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Development Evaluation

Preterm and low birth weight children are at risk for developmental deficits, many preterm children even who do not develop cerebral palsy not having reached normal motor development level regarding their chronological age. Normal motor development starts at conception and continue throughout life according to a typical sequence, pattern and timing. Evaluation and early detection of developmental deviation in preterm infants will improve the concept of early intervention and result in better quality of life to the preterm infants and their families. A longitudinal, quantitative, comparative studyone hundred infants: Preterm and full-term infants were evaluated by Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) through the first 6 months of life. There was significant difference in mean values AIMS of preterm and full term newborns. Further studies are needed to assess motor development in preterm using corrected age.

Reduction in Obstructive Breathing Events During Body Rocking: A Controlled Polygraphic Study in Preterm and Full-Term Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
J. Groswasser ◽  
M. Sottiaux ◽  
E. Rebuffat ◽  
T. Simon ◽  
M. Vandeweyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apneas

Objective. To investigate the effect of body rocking on infant respiratory behavior during sleep. Methods. Eighteen infants with documented obstructive sleep apneas were studied. There were eight premature infants with persistent bradycardias and 10 infants born full-term, admitted after an idiopathic apparent life-threatening event. No cause for the obstructive apneas was found. The infants were recorded with polygraphic techniques during two successive nights. They were randomly assigned to a rocking or a nonrocking mattress. The conditions were reversed the following night, in a crossover design. Results. In both groups of infants, no significant difference was seen between the two consecutive nights for most of the variables studied: total sleep time, the proportion of non-rapid-eye-movement and rapid-eye-movement sleep, the number of arousals, the number and maximal duration of central apneas, the frequency of periodic breathing, the level of oxygen saturation, and heart rate. During the nonrocking nights, all infants had repeated obstructive breathing events. In seven of the eight preterm infants and in nine of the 10 full-term subjects, body rocking was associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of obstructive events. During rocking, in the preterm infants the obstructions fell from a median of 2.5 to 1.8 episodes per hour (P = .034). In the full-term infants, rocking reduced the obstructive events from a median of 1.5 obstructions per hour to 0.7 (P = .005). No difference was seen for the duration of the obstructive episodes. Conclusion. In preterm and full-term infants prone to obstructive sleep apneas, gentle side-to-side body rocking is associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of upper-airway obstructions.

Feeding the Very Low-Birth-Weight Infant

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Rene Romero ◽  
Ronald E. Kleinman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Organ Systems

Unfortunately, premature birth occurs commonly in the United States. Improving the survival of very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants depends in large part upon understanding the physiologic capabilities of their immature organ systems and providing appropriate support as they mature. Advances in the nutritional support of these infants have contributed to the better outcomes we have come to expect today, even for the smallest infants. In this review, we will discuss the limitations of gastrointestinal function and the unique nutritional requirements of very low-birth-weight infants and describe the current methods of enteral and parenteral nutrition support used to meet these requirements. Developmental Physiology By 24 to 26 weeks of gestation, the fetal gastrointestinal tract is morphologically similar to that of the full-term infant; however, functional development is far from complete. Maturation of gastrointestinal motility, digestion, and absorption continues through much of the first year of life, even in full-term infants, as a result of an interplay between the preprogrammed "biological clock" and environmental influences. The decision to feed the VLBW infant must take into account the developmental limitations as well as the potential for enhancing intestinal maturation at each stage of development (Table 1). Fetal swallowing is evident at the beginning of the second trimester.

scholarly journals Impact of physiotherapy on neuromotor development of premature newborns

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Athayde Xavier Coutinho ◽  
Daniela de Mattos Lemos ◽  
Antônio Prates Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neuromotor Development

Introduction The population of children born prematurely has increased in line with improving the quality of perinatal care. It is essential to ensure to these children a healthy development. Objective We evaluate the neuromotor development of a group of preterm infants regularly assisted by a physiotherapy service in comparison to full-term newborns, checking, so the impact of the service. Materials and methods We randomly assigned preterm and full-term infants that formed two distinct groups. The group of preterm infants was inserted into a monitoring program of physiotherapy while the other infants were taken as a control group not receiving any assistance in physiotherapy. The groups were compared using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at forty-week, four and six months of corrected gestational age and the scores were compared using Student's t-test, assuming a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results The preterm group had significantly lower scores at 40th week compared to the control group, but subsequent scores showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion The timely and adequate stimulation was efficient to promote the motor development of premature infants included in a follow up clinic.

scholarly journals Growth, lung function, and physical activity in schoolchildren who were very-low-birth-weight preterm infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Dill Winck ◽  
João Paulo Heinzmann-Filho ◽  
Deise Schumann ◽  
Helen Zatti ◽  
Rita Mattiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Normal Birth

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare somatic growth, lung function, and level of physical activity in schoolchildren who had been very-low-birth-weight preterm infants (VLBWPIs) or normal-birth-weight full-term infants. Methods: We recruited two groups of schoolchildren between 8 and 11 years of age residing in the study catchment area: those who had been VLBWPIs (birth weight < 1,500 g); and those who had been normal-birth-weight full-term infants (controls, birth weight ≥ 2,500 g). Anthropometric and spirometric data were collected from the schoolchildren, who also completed a questionnaire regarding their physical activity. In addition, data regarding the perinatal and neonatal period were collected from the medical records of the VLBWPIs. Results: Of the 93 schoolchildren screened, 48 and 45 were in the VLBWPI and control groups, respectively. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding anthropometric characteristics, nutritional status, or pulmonary function. No associations were found between perinatal/neonatal variables and lung function parameters in the VLBWPI group. Although the difference was not significant, the level of physical activity was slightly higher in the VLBWPI group than in the control group. Conclusions: Among the schoolchildren evaluated here, neither growth nor lung function appear to have been affected by prematurity birth weight, or level of physical activity.

Postnatal Persistence of Capillary-Venous Differences in Hematocrit and Hemoglobin Values in Low-Birth-Weight and Term Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 956-957
Author(s):  
Luis M. Rivera ◽  
Nathan Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
The Third

Full-term and preterm infants were studied to determine whether differences between capillary and venous hematocrit and hemoglobin values were detectable after the first week of life. Significant differences were shown to persist in both term and preterm infants into at least the third postnatal months. However, the differences were considerably greater in low-birth-weight infants, with mean capillary values at ages 4 to 6 postnatal weeks approximately 11% to 12% higher than the corresponding venous values. The data indicated that capillary-venous differences were related not only to postnatal age, but also to postconceptual age.

DEPRESSION AMONG MOTHERS WITH PRETERM INFANTS AND THEIR STRESS-COPING STRATEGIES

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester N. Madu ◽  
Johannes J. roos
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference

This study examined the level of maternal depressive symptoms and ways of coping among mothers with preterm infants as compared with those of 50 mothers with full-term babies. It was conducted in a hospital in Pretoria, South Africa, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Cox, Holden, & Sagovsky, 1987) and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1988). No significant difference was found in the level of depression between the two groups. The overall level of depression found with both combined groups, was 2–3 times higher than those suggested in the literature. A positive correlation was found between the “Seeking Social Support” coping strategy and higher levels of depression among mothers of preterm infants. A positive correlation was also found among mothers of full-term infants who used the “Accepting Responsibility” coping strategy and higher levels of depression. The high number of mothers in this study identified as suffering from a depressive illness of varying severity raises concern. A clear need for professional help among this population is emphasized. Future research in this area is needed in order to better understand and effectively address this problem.

scholarly journals Feeding Performance in Preterm Infants and Full Term Infants at 40 Weeks Postmenstrual Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Gunjan Gupta ◽  
Kaniyanoor Venkatesan Vijay Kumar ◽  
R. Anitha ◽  
Binu Ninan
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Feeding Performance ◽  
New Born ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Innate Behaviour

Introduction: Feeding problems are commonly reported among preterm infants. As premature infants are born before adequate maturation, inadequate feeding capabilities are common among preterm infants. Feeding is an innate behaviour in a new born. Swallowing is evident in a foetus by 16th week of gestation (Tuchman, 1994). By 40th week of gestation, neural processes are expected to mature completely. Feeding is an innate behaviour in a new born. Swallowing is evident in a foetus by 16th week of gestation. By 40th week of gestation, neural processes are expected to mature completely. Since the premature infants are born before adequate maturation of the systems, it is not unusual for them to have inadequate feeding capabilities.Material and Methods: This study aimed to compare feeding performance in preterm (between 30 and 34 weeks GA) and full term infants at 40 weeks Post menstrual age. Seventy infants and their mothers served as participants. A close ended questionnaire documented the oral reflexes, oro-motor skills, oro-sensory skills and feeding history in infants.Results: Results were tabulated under feeding history, (viz; history of use of nasogastric feeding, duration of feeding, episodes of coughing/ choking and vomiting, fussing during feeding, noisy breathing) and oral skills. Significant difference in feeding behaviour was observed between the term and preterm infants at 40 weeks post menstrual age. Conclusion: Hence the need for Speech Language Pathologist to evaluate feeding behaviour at 40 weeks post menstrual age becomes necessary.

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