scholarly journals History of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Clemente Actis ◽  
Rinaldo Pellicano ◽  
Sharmila Fagoonee ◽  
Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Therapeutic Research

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and unknown etiology. In this review, we identified three main eras in the IBD history. Between the 19th and the 20th century, the primary task had been the definition of the diagnostic criteria in order to differentiate the new entity from intestinal tuberculosis. In the 20th century, an intense and prolific therapeutic research prevailed, culminating in the introduction of biological drugs in the clinical setting. Since the beginning of the 21st century, traditional definition criteria have been challenged by holistic criteria in an effort to seek a still unattained cure. Centuries of worldwide efforts on IBD etiology and therapy search have culminated in this novel strategy.

scholarly journals The Role of Enterobacteriaceae in Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Valerio Baldelli ◽  
Franco Scaldaferri ◽  
Lorenza Putignani ◽  
Federica Del Chierico
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases with unknown etiology. There is a combination of well documented factors in their pathogenesis, including intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The symbiotic microbiota plays important functions in the host, and the loss of beneficial microbes could favor the expansion of microbial pathobionts. In particular, the bloom of potentially harmful Proteobacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, has been described as enhancing the inflammatory response, as observed in IBDs. Herein, we seek to investigate the contribution of Enterobacteriaceae to IBD pathogenesis whilst considering the continuous expansion of the literature and data. Despite the mechanism of their expansion still remaining unclear, their expansion could be correlated with the increase in nitrate and oxygen levels in the inflamed gut and with the bile acid dysmetabolism described in IBD patients. Furthermore, in several Enterobacteriaceae studies conducted at a species level, it has been suggested that some adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) play an important role in IBD pathogenesis. Overall, this review highlights the pivotal role played by Enterobacteriaceae in gut dysbiosis associated with IBD pathogenesis and progression.

scholarly journals Innate Immunity Modulation by the IL-33/ST2 System in Intestinal Mucosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina García-Miguel ◽  
M. Julieta González ◽  
Rodrigo Quera ◽  
Marcela A. Hermoso
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Surface Contact Area ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Innate immunity prevents pathogens from entering and spreading within the body. This function is especially important in the gastrointestinal tract and skin, as these organs have a large surface contact area with the outside environment. In the intestine, luminal commensal bacteria are necessary for adequate food digestion and play a crucial role in tolerance to benign antigens. Immune system damage can create an intestinal inflammatory response, leading to chronic disease including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an IBD of unknown etiology with increasing worldwide prevalence. In the intestinal mucosa of UC patients, there is an imbalance in the IL-33/ST2 axis, an important modulator of the innate immune response. This paper reviews the role of the IL-33/ST2 system in innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa and its importance in inflammatory bowel diseases, especially ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Flavia Amaro ◽  
Francesco Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Altered Immune Response

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are gastrointestinal tract pathologies of unknown etiology; they have an alternating trend, with active and silent phases. IBD are classified in two main forms: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Both have chronic and recurrent course, gastrointestinal symptoms, and extraintestinal manifestations. The altered immune response role seems to be important both in UC and CD. In the majority of cases, CD begins with abdominal pain, diarrhea, decrease in appetite, and weight loss; there can be also perianal fistulas, rhagades, and perianal recurrent abscesses. In addition, retarded growth and delayed puberty can precede the development of the disease or can even be predominant at onset. Growth retardation is found in 40% of IBD patients, but the underlying mechanism of this and other extra-intestinal manifestations are partially known: the main hypotheses are represented by malnutrition and inflammatory response during the active phase of the disease. The increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines can influence growth, but also the onset of puberty and its progression. In addition, it could be essential to clarify the role and the possible effects of all the currently used treatments concerning growth failure and delayed puberty.

Evaluation of metabolites levels in feces of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
E.S. Zhgun ◽  
Y.V. Kislun ◽  
T.N. Kalachniuk ◽  
V.A. Veselovsky ◽  
A.S. Urban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders with an unknown etiology. They are characterized by chronic recurrent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life and death of patients. IBD are associated with suppression of normal intestinal microflora, including a decrease in bacteria, producers of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exhibiting anti-inflammatory and protective properties. Among the various methods of intestinal microflora correction, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which engrafts the fecal microbiota from a healthy donor into a patient recipient, is of a particular interest. As a result, a positive therapeutic effect is observed, accompanied by the restoration of the normal intestinal microflora of the patient. A significant drawback of the method is the lack of standardization. Metabolites produced by intestinal microflora, namely SCFAs, allow objective assessment of the functional state of the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, the success of the FMT procedure. Using gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques, we have analyzed concentrations and molar ratios of SCFAs in fecal samples of 60 healthy donors. Results were in good accord when comparing two methods as well as with published data. Analysis of SCFAs in feces of patients with UC (19 patients) and CD (17 patients) revealed a general decrease in the concentration of fatty acids in the experimental groups with significant fluctuations in the values in experimental groups compared to control group of healthy donors. On the limited group of IBD patients (6 patients with UC and 5 patients with CD) concentration of SCFAs before and within 30 days of observation after FMT was determined. It was shown that FMT had a significant impact on the SCFAs levels within 1 month term; tendency to reach characteristics of healthy donors is unambiguously traced for both diseases.

scholarly journals Metallothioneins in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Importance in Pathogenesis and Potential Therapy Target

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anna Socha-Banasiak ◽  
Patrycja Sputa-Grzegrzółka ◽  
Jędrzej Grzegrzółka ◽  
Krzysztof Pacześ ◽  
Piotr Dzięgiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Therapy Target ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Proteins

Immunological disorders, increased oxidative stress, and damage to the epithelial barrier play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In the treatment of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), it is increasingly common to use biological drugs that selectively affect individual components of the inflammatory cascade. However, administering the medicines currently available does not always result in obtaining and maintaining remission, and it may also lead to the development of resistance to a given agent over time. Metallothioneins (MTs) belong to the group of low molecular weight proteins, which, among others, regulate the inflammation and homeostasis of heavy metals as well as participating in the regulation of the intensity of oxidative stress. The results of the studies conducted so far do not clearly indicate the role of MTs in the process of inflammation in patients with IBD. However, there are reports that suggest the possibility of using MTs as a potential target in the treatment of this group of patients.

scholarly journals Personalized medicine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
A I Parfenov ◽  
O V Knyazev ◽  
A V Kagramanova ◽  
N A Fadeeva
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Individualized Medicine ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Personalized medicine (personalized medicine, individualized medicine) represents the totality of methods of prevention of a pathological condition, diagnosis and treatment in the event of its occurrence, based on individual patient characteristics. Such individual characteristics include genetic, epigenetic, and transcript, proteome, metabolomic and metagenomic markers, as well as a set of variable phenotypic traits - both of the patient's body and its separate tissues or cells. For example, treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) can most clearly show the importance of applying personalized approaches. Currently in the treatment of patients with IBD paid great attention to genetic studies, monitoring of the concentration of the biological drugs and the level of antibodies to them, the role of microbiota as a predictor of effectiveness of therapy of IBD. Used clinical, laboratory, instrumental methods, as well as new biomarkers to assess the forecasting efficiency of conservative therapy in IBD patient. In the future treatment of patients with IBD will include a number of personalized data in order to better predict outcomes of the disease in each patient and more accurately select the appropriate treatment regimen.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 579-587
Author(s):  
Kang-Moon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Perianal Fistula ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background: Over the past three decades, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been rapidly increasing in the African, South American, and Asian countries, including Korea. However, in Korea, the public awareness of IBD remains low, and diagnostic delay is not uncommon due to the physicians' lack of clinical experience. It is essential to understand the trends and regional differences in the epidemiology of IBD for proper diagnosis and treatment.Current Concepts: Although lower than those of the West, the prevalence and incidence of IBD in Korea rank among the highest in Asia and are steadily increasing. In the past 10 years, the prevalence of IBD has almost doubled, while its incidence has decreased gradually. As compared to Western IBD patients, Korean patients have higher proportion of proctitis in ulcerative colitis, male predominance, more ileocolonic involvement, and higher incidence of perianal fistula in Crohn disease. There is no single gold standard for the diagnosis of IBD. Thus, diagnosis can be made by clinical evaluation, including a detailed history taking, physical examination, and a combination of endoscopic, radiologic, laboratory, and histologic findings.Discussion and Conclusion: Population-based studies have revealed the current trends and characteristics of the epidemiology of IBD in Korea. Continued education and development of diagnostic tools will help clinicians to diagnose IBD accurately and differentiate it from other diseases such as intestinal tuberculosis.

scholarly journals P338 effectiveness and safety of biological therapies in elderly inflammatory bowel diseases patients results from a multi center study of Geteccu

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S363-S364
Author(s):  
C J Suarez Ferrer ◽  
F Mesonero ◽  
B Caballol ◽  
R Saiz Chumillas ◽  
I Bastón-Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Multi Center Study

Abstract Background Biological drugs are being increasingly used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in elderly patients. Despite the particular characteristics of this population subgroup, the efficacy and safety of these treatments in real clinical practice is poorly evaluated. Methods Retrospective and multicenter study of GETECCU, carried out in 28 Spanish hospitals. Patients with IBD who started biological treatment (Infliximab, Adalimumab, Golimumab, Ustekinumab or Vedolizumab) aged 65 years or older were included. Efficacy (clinical- at the criteria of the responsible physician-, biochemical and endoscopic) was assessed at 12-14 weeks and at 52 weeks of treatment. Adverse effects such as tumors or serious infections were also recorded. Results A total of 570 patients were included, baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. Biologics used were: Infliximab (214, 37.5%), Adalimumab (167, 29.3%), Golimumab (16, 2.8%), Ustekinumab (73, 12.8%) and Vedolizumab (100, 17.5%). After 12-14 weeks of treatment, in 38.7% (220) of the cases clinical remission had been achieved and in 47.7% (270) there was clinical response without remission. However, 80 patients (13.9%) had no response, resulting in treatment discontinuation due to primary failure. At week 52, only 379 patients (66.5%) continued on biological treatment: 216 (57%) were in clinical remission (216, 57.0%) while 129 (34%) had response without remission and 34 (9%)had no response. In addition, 119 patients (21%) had an endoscopic study performed: 47 (39,5%) presented with endoscopic remission, 38 (31,9%) with mild activity, 28 (23,5%) with moderate activity and 6, (5.1%) with severe activity. At the end of the follow-up, only 60% of the patients continued on biological treatment, being the reason for withdraw lack of efficacy or due to the report of adverse side effects. Regarding treatment safety in this population, 12.1% (68 patients) suffered an infectious complication with a microbiological diagnosis, requiring hospitalization in 62.1% of the cases. In addition, 39 patients (6.9%) were diagnosed with a tumor until the end of the follow-up, noting that 34.2% of the cases continued on biological therapy after the diagnosis. Likewise, in 25 patients (36.8%) this infection forced discontinuation of biological treatment. Finally, 10 patients stopped biological treatment due to a serious adverse reaction to it Conclusion Response rates to biological treatment in elderly patients are similar to those described in the general population, with approximately one third of failures happening during the first year. However, a remarkable proportion of patients developed a serious adverse effect that could be related to treatment

scholarly journals The effectiveness and safety of switching therapy with an original drug to biosimilars in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

2022 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
E. S. Peda ◽  
T. L. Alexandrov ◽  
T. A. Baranova ◽  
S. S. Belous ◽  
I. A. Tishaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Switching Therapy ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. Inflammatory bowel diseases are a group of chronic, immune-mediated diseases of unknown etiology. Etiotropic therapy of IBD does not exist, all drugs used to treat IBD have a pathogenetic effect. In the treatment of IBD biologic therapy is used. The most previously registered group of biologics are anti-TNF-α. But, after the expiration of the relevant patents, biosimilars appeared on the market (analogs, comparable in quality to the already approved reference product).Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on the basis of the Ryzhikh Natianal Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology of the Ministry of Health of the Russia, which included 46 patients who switched from therapy with the original infliximab or adalimumab to biosimilar therapy.Discussion. This study showed that when switching therapy with the original drugs infliximab and adalimumab to biosimilars, the effectiveness of therapy does not significantly decrease with the use of biosimilars Infliximab BIOCAD and Dalibra. However, a statistically significant decrease in efficacy was revealed when switching from therapy with the original Infliximab to Flammegis. Considering that the use of biosimilars can reduce the cost of treatment and reduce the burden on the health budget, it is necessary to continue this study in order to obtain longer-term results.

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