scholarly journals Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Flavia Amaro ◽  
Francesco Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Altered Immune Response

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are gastrointestinal tract pathologies of unknown etiology; they have an alternating trend, with active and silent phases. IBD are classified in two main forms: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Both have chronic and recurrent course, gastrointestinal symptoms, and extraintestinal manifestations. The altered immune response role seems to be important both in UC and CD. In the majority of cases, CD begins with abdominal pain, diarrhea, decrease in appetite, and weight loss; there can be also perianal fistulas, rhagades, and perianal recurrent abscesses. In addition, retarded growth and delayed puberty can precede the development of the disease or can even be predominant at onset. Growth retardation is found in 40% of IBD patients, but the underlying mechanism of this and other extra-intestinal manifestations are partially known: the main hypotheses are represented by malnutrition and inflammatory response during the active phase of the disease. The increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines can influence growth, but also the onset of puberty and its progression. In addition, it could be essential to clarify the role and the possible effects of all the currently used treatments concerning growth failure and delayed puberty.

scholarly journals The Role of Enterobacteriaceae in Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Valerio Baldelli ◽  
Franco Scaldaferri ◽  
Lorenza Putignani ◽  
Federica Del Chierico
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases with unknown etiology. There is a combination of well documented factors in their pathogenesis, including intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The symbiotic microbiota plays important functions in the host, and the loss of beneficial microbes could favor the expansion of microbial pathobionts. In particular, the bloom of potentially harmful Proteobacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, has been described as enhancing the inflammatory response, as observed in IBDs. Herein, we seek to investigate the contribution of Enterobacteriaceae to IBD pathogenesis whilst considering the continuous expansion of the literature and data. Despite the mechanism of their expansion still remaining unclear, their expansion could be correlated with the increase in nitrate and oxygen levels in the inflamed gut and with the bile acid dysmetabolism described in IBD patients. Furthermore, in several Enterobacteriaceae studies conducted at a species level, it has been suggested that some adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) play an important role in IBD pathogenesis. Overall, this review highlights the pivotal role played by Enterobacteriaceae in gut dysbiosis associated with IBD pathogenesis and progression.

scholarly journals Innate Immunity Modulation by the IL-33/ST2 System in Intestinal Mucosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina García-Miguel ◽  
M. Julieta González ◽  
Rodrigo Quera ◽  
Marcela A. Hermoso
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Surface Contact Area ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Innate immunity prevents pathogens from entering and spreading within the body. This function is especially important in the gastrointestinal tract and skin, as these organs have a large surface contact area with the outside environment. In the intestine, luminal commensal bacteria are necessary for adequate food digestion and play a crucial role in tolerance to benign antigens. Immune system damage can create an intestinal inflammatory response, leading to chronic disease including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an IBD of unknown etiology with increasing worldwide prevalence. In the intestinal mucosa of UC patients, there is an imbalance in the IL-33/ST2 axis, an important modulator of the innate immune response. This paper reviews the role of the IL-33/ST2 system in innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa and its importance in inflammatory bowel diseases, especially ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals History of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Clemente Actis ◽  
Rinaldo Pellicano ◽  
Sharmila Fagoonee ◽  
Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Therapeutic Research

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and unknown etiology. In this review, we identified three main eras in the IBD history. Between the 19th and the 20th century, the primary task had been the definition of the diagnostic criteria in order to differentiate the new entity from intestinal tuberculosis. In the 20th century, an intense and prolific therapeutic research prevailed, culminating in the introduction of biological drugs in the clinical setting. Since the beginning of the 21st century, traditional definition criteria have been challenged by holistic criteria in an effort to seek a still unattained cure. Centuries of worldwide efforts on IBD etiology and therapy search have culminated in this novel strategy.

scholarly journals Takotsubo Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Does a Link Exist?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Antonio Mirijello ◽  
Maria Maddalena D’Errico ◽  
Serafino Curci ◽  
Fabrizio Bossa ◽  
Cristina d’Angelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
English Language ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Takotsubo Syndrome ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute cardiac dysfunction in the absence of viral causes or obstructive coronary disease completely reversible within 4–8 weeks. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of diseases caused by the interaction between immune system, genetic, and environmental factors against intestinal mucosa. Both these syndromes are characterized by complex mechanisms involving endothelial dysfunction and affective disorders. Aim: To assess the possibility of an association between IBD and TTS. Methods: First, we present a case of TTS in a patient affected by active stenosing Crohn’s disease. Articles in English language were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar databases with the search terms “takotsubo,” “IBD,” “crohn disease,” “ulcerative colitis”. Results: Both TTS and IBD show multiple common features: preference for female patients, recurrent course of disease, association with endothelial dysfunction, and affective disorders. Patients affected by IBD could show specific triggers for TTS, such as malabsorption, electrolytes disturbances, and affective disorders. Conclusions: Despite pathophysiological similarities between TTS and IBD in active phase, future studies are needed to confirm this apparently possible association and to assess the presence of a pathophysiological link between these diseases.

Evaluation of metabolites levels in feces of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
E.S. Zhgun ◽  
Y.V. Kislun ◽  
T.N. Kalachniuk ◽  
V.A. Veselovsky ◽  
A.S. Urban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders with an unknown etiology. They are characterized by chronic recurrent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life and death of patients. IBD are associated with suppression of normal intestinal microflora, including a decrease in bacteria, producers of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exhibiting anti-inflammatory and protective properties. Among the various methods of intestinal microflora correction, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which engrafts the fecal microbiota from a healthy donor into a patient recipient, is of a particular interest. As a result, a positive therapeutic effect is observed, accompanied by the restoration of the normal intestinal microflora of the patient. A significant drawback of the method is the lack of standardization. Metabolites produced by intestinal microflora, namely SCFAs, allow objective assessment of the functional state of the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, the success of the FMT procedure. Using gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques, we have analyzed concentrations and molar ratios of SCFAs in fecal samples of 60 healthy donors. Results were in good accord when comparing two methods as well as with published data. Analysis of SCFAs in feces of patients with UC (19 patients) and CD (17 patients) revealed a general decrease in the concentration of fatty acids in the experimental groups with significant fluctuations in the values in experimental groups compared to control group of healthy donors. On the limited group of IBD patients (6 patients with UC and 5 patients with CD) concentration of SCFAs before and within 30 days of observation after FMT was determined. It was shown that FMT had a significant impact on the SCFAs levels within 1 month term; tendency to reach characteristics of healthy donors is unambiguously traced for both diseases.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Issues in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sherman ◽  
A Griffiths ◽  
M Marcon ◽  
C Smith ◽  
R Geist
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel

The goals of therapy in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases in pediatrics include decreasing mucosa! inflammation, the restoration of optimal growth and pubertal development, and the return to a normal, age-appropriate lifestyle. The latter is best served by minimizing restrictions; for example, school attendance, extracurricular activities, travel and the child's interactions with both siblings and peers. In most instances dietary restrictions are also inappropriate and may prove detrimental. Children and adolescents are not simply 'little adults'. Teenagers dread being perceived as different from their peers. They are especially bothered therefore by cosmetic side effects associated with corticosteroid therapy and by impaired growth and pubertal development. Although not discussed openly, many adolescents are also concerned about their subsequent ability to have children and the potential for future development of neoplasms. The great majority of affected children adapt and function very well. Psychosocial factors, although clearly not the cause of inflammatory bowel diseases, are operative in many subsets of children with less than optimal function in daily activities. Children at particular risk are those with premorbid low self-esteem, dysfunction in family dynamics, or severe growth failure. Intervention and support provided through psychiatric and medical social work consultations and by the involvement of self-help groups are often key determinants for restoration of a normal lifestyle. Information about the underlying chronic disease, when provided at a level that is appropriate for age and cognitive function, can decrease anxiety and fears by reducing uncertainty and promoting a feeling of control.

scholarly journals Nutritional impact of inflammatory bowel diseases on children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilton Marques dos Santos ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Genoile Oliveira Santana
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

OBJECTIVE: To perform a sistematiy review of the literature about the nutritional impact of inflammatory bowel diseases in children and adolescents.DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO databases, with inclusion of articles in Portuguese and in English with original data, that analyzed nutritional aspects of inflammatory bowel diseases in children and adolescents. The initial search used the terms "inflammatory bowel diseases" and "children" or "adolescents" and "nutritional evaluation" or "nutrition deficiency". The selection of studies was initially performed by reading the titles and abstracts. Review studies and those withouth data for pediatric patients were excluded. Subsequently, the full reading of the articles considered relevant was performed.RESULTS: 237 studies were identified, and 12 of them were selected according to the inclusion criteria. None of them was performed in South America. During the analysis of the studies, it was observed that nutritional characteristics of patients with inflammatory bowel disease may be altered; the main reports were related to malnutrition, growth stunting, delayed puberty and vitamin D deficiency.CONCLUSION: There are nutritional consequences of inflammatory bowel diseases in children and adolescents, mainly growth stunting, slower pubertal development, underweight and vitamin deficiencies. Nutritional impairments were more significant in patients with Crohn's disease; overweight and obesity were more common in patients with ulcerative rectocolitis. A detailed nutritional assessment should be performed periodically in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals The effectiveness and safety of switching therapy with an original drug to biosimilars in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

2022 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
E. S. Peda ◽  
T. L. Alexandrov ◽  
T. A. Baranova ◽  
S. S. Belous ◽  
I. A. Tishaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Switching Therapy ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. Inflammatory bowel diseases are a group of chronic, immune-mediated diseases of unknown etiology. Etiotropic therapy of IBD does not exist, all drugs used to treat IBD have a pathogenetic effect. In the treatment of IBD biologic therapy is used. The most previously registered group of biologics are anti-TNF-α. But, after the expiration of the relevant patents, biosimilars appeared on the market (analogs, comparable in quality to the already approved reference product).Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on the basis of the Ryzhikh Natianal Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology of the Ministry of Health of the Russia, which included 46 patients who switched from therapy with the original infliximab or adalimumab to biosimilar therapy.Discussion. This study showed that when switching therapy with the original drugs infliximab and adalimumab to biosimilars, the effectiveness of therapy does not significantly decrease with the use of biosimilars Infliximab BIOCAD and Dalibra. However, a statistically significant decrease in efficacy was revealed when switching from therapy with the original Infliximab to Flammegis. Considering that the use of biosimilars can reduce the cost of treatment and reduce the burden on the health budget, it is necessary to continue this study in order to obtain longer-term results.

scholarly journals Thiopurines: Recent Topics and Their Role in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Tominaga ◽  
Takeshi Sugaya ◽  
Takanao Tanaka ◽  
Mimari Kanazawa ◽  
Makoto Iijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Steroid Dependent ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) of unknown etiology, characterized by repeated relapse and remission. The efficacy of thiopurine in IBD was first reported in the late 1960s. Thiopurines are used to alleviate the symptoms of IBD, especially UC. These drugs have a steroid-sparing potential and are widely used for the purpose of maintaining long-term remission in steroid-dependent cases. Therefore, thiopurines tend to be used long-term, but adverse events that accompany long-term use, such as lymphoproliferative disorders, must be monitored with care. In contrast, thiopurine plays a critical role in controlling the immunogenicity of biologics. Furthermore, although thiopurine is an old drug, new findings, including the prediction of serious adverse events such as severe alopecia and acute advanced leukopenia, by nudix hydrolase 15 gene polymorphism analysis, as well as the possibility of appropriate drug monitoring by detailed analysis of 6-thioguanine nucleotides have been clarified. However, the consequences of thiopurine withdrawal have not been determined and further studies, including randomized controlled trials, are necessary to answer the clinical question regarding the scenarios in which thiopurine withdrawal is possible.

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