scholarly journals Distributed Manufacturing of Open Source Medical Hardware for Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Open Hardware ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hardware Designs ◽  
Good Samaritan Laws

Distributed digital manufacturing offers a solution to medical supply and technology shortages during pandemics. To prepare for the next pandemic, this study reviews the state-of-the-art of open hardware designs needed in a COVID-19-like pandemic. It evaluates the readiness of the top twenty technologies requested by the Government of India. The results show that the majority of the actual medical products have some open source development, however, only 15% of the supporting technologies required to produce them are freely available. The results show there is still considerable research needed to provide open source paths for the development of all the medical hardware needed during pandemics. Five core areas of future research are discussed, which include (i) technical development of a wide-range of open source solutions for all medical supplies and devices, (ii) policies that protect the productivity of laboratories, makerspaces, and fabrication facilities during a pandemic, as well as (iii) streamlining the regulatory process, (iv) developing Good-Samaritan laws to protect makers and designers of open medical hardware, as well as to compel those with knowledge that will save lives to share it, and (v) requiring all citizen-funded research to be released with free and open source licenses.

scholarly journals Distributed Manufacturing of Open-Source Medical Hardware for Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Hardware ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Considerable Work ◽  
Hardware Designs ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Good Samaritan Laws

Distributed digital manufacturing offers a solution to medical supply and technology shortages during pandemics. To prepare for the next pandemic, this study reviews the state-of-the-art for open hardware designs needed in a COVID-19-like pandemic. It evaluates the readiness of the top twenty technologies requested by the Government of India. The results show that the majority of the actual medical products have had some open source development, however, only 15% of the supporting technologies that make the open source device possible are freely available. The results show there is still considerable work needed to provide open source paths for the development of all the medical hardware needed during pandemics. Five core areas of future work are discussed that include: i) technical development of a wide-range of open source solutions for all medical supplies and devices, ii) policies that protect the productivity of laboratories, makerspaces and fabrication facilities during a pandemic, as well as iii) streamlining the regulatory process, iv) developing Good-Samaritan laws to protect makers and designers of open medical hardware, as well as to compel those with knowledge that will save lives to share it, and v) requiring all citizen-funded research to be released with free and open source licenses.

A Review of Theoretical and Experimental Research on Various Autofrettage Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Shufen ◽  
Uday S. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spherical Vessel ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses ◽  
Spherical Pressure

Autofrettage is a metal forming technique widely incorporated for strengthening the thick-walled cylindrical and spherical pressure vessels. The technique is based on the principle of initially subjecting the cylindrical or spherical vessel to partial plastic deformation and then unloading it; as a result of which compressive residual stresses are set up. On the basis of the type of the forming load, autofrettage can be classified into hydraulic, swage, explosive, thermal, and rotational. Considerable research studies have been carried out on autofrettage with a variety of theoretical models and experimental methods. This paper presents an extensive review of various types of autofrettage processes. A wide range of theoretical models and experimental studies are described. Optimization of an autofrettage process is also discussed. Based on the review, some challenging issues and key areas for future research are identified.

Making Knowledge Management Systems Open

2011 ◽  
pp. 150-174
Author(s):  
Tom Butler ◽  
Joseph Feller ◽  
Andrew Pope ◽  
Ciaran Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Agile Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asset Development ◽  
Knowledge Platform ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Approach

This chapter presents an action research-based case study of the development of pKADS (portable knowledge asset development system), an open source, desktop-based knowledge management (KM) tool, implemented in Java and targeted at government and nongovernment organizations. pKADS was a collaborative project involving Business Information Systems, University College Cork, Ireland and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and was funded by the government of Ireland. Development of the application took just three months, using an agile development approach and some reuse of existing open source code. The chapter discusses the background to the pKADS project and prior UNFPA KM efforts, the technical and conceptual architectures of the pKADS application, the roles played by open source components and open data standards, the rationale for releasing pKADS as open source software, and the subsequent results. Future research, in the form of developing open source, Intranet/Internet-based KM tools for the Government of Ireland—eGovernment Knowledge Platform (eGovKP) is also briefly discussed.

Smart Cities Project

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Mahima Nanda ◽  
Gurpreet Randhawa
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The Government

The smart cities mission of the Government of India has opened up new pathways for urban redevelopment and transformation. But given the limited resources available with a developing country, a more pragmatic approach would be to first learn from the best international experiences and approaches and then implement those in Indian context. With this view, the chapter examines some of the best practices related with different aspects of a smart city and suggests their relevancy for the development of smart cities in India. The study found that by focusing on the five core areas (i.e., urban mobility and public transport, safety and security of citizens, health and education, water management, and robust IT connectivity and social networking) the concerned authorities in India can successfully achieve their goal of urban redevelopment and transformation with scarce resources. Limitations and scope for future research are discussed in the end.

scholarly journals An Open Hardware Design for Internet of Things Power Quality and Energy Saving Solutions

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Viciana ◽  
Alfredo Alcayde ◽  
Francisco Montoya ◽  
Raul Baños ◽  
Francisco Arrabal-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hardware Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Open Hardware ◽  
Wide Range

An important challenge for our society is the transformation of traditional power systems to a decentralized model based on renewable energy sources. In this new scenario, advanced devices are needed for real-time monitoring and control of the energy flow and power quality (PQ). Ideally, the data collected by Internet of Thing (IoT) sensors should be shared to central cloud systems for online and off-line analysis. In this paper openZmeter (oZm) is presented as an advanced low-cost and open-source hardware device for high-precision energy and power quality measurement in low-voltage power systems. An analog front end (AFE) stage is designed and developed for the acquisition, conditioning, and processing of power signals. This AFE can be stacked on available quadcore embedded ARM boards. The proposed hardware is capable of adapting voltage signals up to 800 V AC/DC and currents up to thousands of amperes using different probes. The oZm device is described as a fully autonomous open-source system for the computation and visualization of PQ events and consumed/generated energy, along with full details of its hardware implementation. It also has the ability to send data to central cloud management systems. Given the small size of the hardware design and considering that it allows measurements under a wide range of operating conditions, oZm can be used both as bulk metering or as metering/submetering device for individual appliances. The design is released as open hardware and therefore is presented to the community as a powerful tool for general usage.

scholarly journals The Advanced Modular Manikin Open Source Platform for Healthcare Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
David Hananel ◽  
Dan Silverglate ◽  
Dan Burke ◽  
Benjamin Riggs ◽  
Jack Norfleet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Healthcare Simulation ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT Introduction Current thinking in healthcare education stipulates a holistic approach with a focus on patient management, bringing together technical skills, decision-making, and team performance. In parallel, training opportunities with actual patients have diminished, and the number of different interventions to master has increased. Training on simulators has become broadly accepted; however, requirements for such training devices have outpaced the development of new simulators. The Department of Defense (DoD) targeted this gap with a development challenge. This article introduces the Advanced Modular Manikin (AMM) platform and describes the path followed to address the challenge. Materials and Methods Under Contract # W81XWH-14-C-0101, our interdisciplinary team of healthcare providers, educators, engineers, and scientists, together with partners in industry and the government collaborated to establish a set of comprehensive requirements and develop an overarching system architecture and specifications to meet healthcare simulation needs. In order to instantiate the architecture and investigate usability of the platform, a demonstration modular manikin was created that incorporated physical and digital peripherals. Results The system architecture and corresponding data models have been completed and published as open source. A developer’s tool kit has been created, including instructional materials and required hardware and software for interested parties to develop AMM-compatible modules. A reference manikin was created based on the platform specifications and successfully supported a usability study that was performed by the American College of Surgeons, Education Division at the Naval Medical Center San Diego. Conclusions The formal release of a functional modular, interoperable open-source healthcare simulation platform is complete. Next steps involve a strategy for maintaining the open standards and verification of AMM-compatibility for modules. Increasing awareness of this powerful tool and prioritization of module-development to address the wide range of healthcare education needs could lead to a renaissance in military and civilian healthcare simulation-based training.

scholarly journals mmSIM: an open toolbox for accessible structured illumination microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 379 (2199) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig T. Russell ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Structured Illumination Microscopy ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hardware Designs

Since the first practical super-resolution structured illumination fluorescence microscopes (SIM) were demonstrated more than two decades ago, the method has become increasingly popular for a wide range of bioimaging applications. The high cost and relative inflexibility of commercial systems, coupled with the conceptual simplicity of the approach and the desire to exploit and customize existing hardware, have led to the development of a large number of home-built systems. Several detailed hardware designs are available in the scientific literature, complemented by open-source software tools for SIM image validation and reconstruction. However, there remains a lack of simple open-source software to control these systems and manage the synchronization between hardware components, which is critical for effective SIM imaging. This article describes a new suite of software tools based on the popular Micro-Manager package, which enable the keen microscopist to develop and run a SIM system. We use the software to control two custom-built, high-speed, spatial light modulator-based SIM systems, evaluating their performance by imaging a range of fluorescent samples. By simplifying the process of SIM hardware development, we aim to support wider adoption of the technique. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 1)’.

The Chinese Ideophone Database (CHIDEOD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-167
Author(s):  
Thomas VAN HOEY ◽  
Arthur Lewis THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
R Package ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Old Chinese ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract This article introduces the Chinese Ideophone Database (CHIDEOD), an open-source dataset, which collects 4948 unique onomatopoeia and ideophones (mimetics, expressives) of Mandarin, as well as Middle Chinese and Old Chinese. These are analyzed according to a wide range of variables, e.g., description, frequency. Apart from an overview of these variables, we provide a tutorial that shows how the database can be accessed in different formats (.rds, .xlsx, .csv, R package and online app interface), and how the database can be used to explore skewed tonal distribution across Mandarin ideophones. Since CHIDEOD is a data repository, potential future research applications are discussed.

scholarly journals mmSIM: An open toolbox for accessible structured illumination microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig T. Russell ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Structured Illumination ◽  
Structured Illumination Microscopy ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hardware Designs

SummarySince the first practical super-resolution structured illumination fluorescence microscopes (SIM) were demonstrated more than two decades ago the method has become increasingly popular for a wide range of bioimaging applications. The high cost and relative inflexibility of commercial systems, coupled with the conceptual simplicity of the approach and the desire to exploit and customise existing hardware, have led to the development of a large number of home-built systems. Several detailed hardware designs are available in the scientific literature, complemented by open-source software tools for SIM image validation and reconstruction. However, there remains a lack of simple open-source software to control these systems and manage the synchronization between hardware components, which is critical for effective SIM imaging. This article describes a new suite of software tools based on the popular Micro-Manager package, which enable the keen microscopist to develop and run a SIM system. We use the software to control two custom-built, high-speed, spatial light modulator-based SIM systems, evaluating their performance by imaging a range of fluorescent samples. By simplifying the process of SIM hardware development, we aim to support wider adoption of the technique.

scholarly journals Open Electronics for Medical Devices: State-of-Art and Unique Advantages

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandey ◽  
Vora
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Open Hardware ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Medical Software ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electronic Hardware

A wide range of medical devices have significant electronic components. Compared to open-source medical software, open (and open-source) electronic hardware has been less published in peer-reviewed literature. In this review, we explore the developments, significance, and advantages of using open platform electronic hardware for medical devices. Open hardware electronics platforms offer not just shorter development times, reduced costs, and customization; they also offer a key potential advantage which current commercial medical devices lack—seamless data sharing for machine learning and artificial intelligence. We explore how various electronic platforms such as microcontrollers, single board computers, field programmable gate arrays, development boards, and integrated circuits have been used by researchers to design medical devices. Researchers interested in designing low cost, customizable, and innovative medical devices can find references to various easily available electronic components as well as design methodologies to integrate those components for a successful design.

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