scholarly journals Global Epidemiology of Mucormycosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariprasath Prakash ◽  
Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Pulmonary Mucormycosis ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Causative Agents

Mucormycosis is an angio-invasive fungal infection, associated with high morbidity and mortality. A change in the epidemiology of mucormycosis has been observed in recent years with the rise in incidence, new causative agents and susceptible population. The rise has been perceived globally, but it is very high in the Asian continent. Though diabetes mellitus overshadow all other risk factors in Asia, post-tuberculosis and chronic renal failure have emerged as new risk groups. The rhino-cerebral form of mucormycosis is most commonly seen in patients with diabetes mellitus, whereas, pulmonary mucormycosis in patients with haematological malignancy and transplant recipients. In immunocompetent hosts, cutaneous mucormycosis is commonly seen following trauma. The intriguing clinical entity, isolated renal mucormycosis in immunocompetent patients is only reported from China and India. A new clinical entity, indolent mucormycosis in nasal sinuses, is recently recognized. The causative agents of mucormycosis vary across different geographic locations. Though Rhizopus arrhizus is the most common agent isolated worldwide, Apophysomyces variabilis is predominant in Asia and Lichtheimia species in Europe. The new causative agents, Rhizopus homothallicus, Mucor irregularis, and Thamnostylum lucknowense are reported from Asia. In conclusion, with the change in epidemiology of mucormycosis country-wise studies are warranted to estimate disease burden in different risk groups, analyse the clinical disease pattern and identify the new etiological agents.

CASE SERIES: A SPECTRUM OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Venkatesh B. C. ◽  
Rajendra Rao K. M. ◽  
K. N. Mohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Causative Agents

Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing a major health crisis across the globe. With the increasing number of fungal infections associated with COVID-19 being reported, it is imperative to understand the spectrum of such infections. Most documented cases have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus or treatment with immunomodulators. The most common causative agents are Aspergillus, Candida or Mucorales. This series aims to portray the spectrum of fungal infections associated with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Preventing Transfusion-Transmitted Babesiosis

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Evan M. Bloch ◽  
Peter J. Krause ◽  
Laura Tonnetti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donor ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
The Us ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Human Babesiosis

Babesia are tick-borne intra-erythrocytic parasites and the causative agents of babesiosis. Babesia, which are readily transfusion transmissible, gained recognition as a major risk to the blood supply, particularly in the United States (US), where Babesia microti is endemic. Many of those infected with Babesia remain asymptomatic and parasitemia may persist for months or even years following infection, such that seemingly healthy blood donors are unaware of their infection. By contrast, transfusion recipients are at high risk of severe babesiosis, accounting for the high morbidity and mortality (~19%) observed in transfusion-transmitted babesiosis (TTB). An increase in cases of tick-borne babesiosis and TTB prompted over a decade-long investment in blood donor surveillance, research, and assay development to quantify and contend with TTB. This culminated in the adoption of regional blood donor testing in the US. We describe the evolution of the response to TTB in the US and offer some insight into the risk of TTB in other countries. Not only has this response advanced blood safety, it has accelerated the development of novel serological and molecular assays that may be applied broadly, affording insight into the global epidemiology and immunopathogenesis of human babesiosis.

scholarly journals Effects and Mechanisms of Tea for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Complications: An Updated Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ming Meng ◽  
Shi-Yu Cao ◽  
Xin-Lin Wei ◽  
Ren-You Gan ◽  
Yuan-Feng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus has become a serious and growing public health concern. It has high morbidity and mortality because of its complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiovascular complication, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic hepatopathy. Epidemiological studies revealed that the consumption of tea was inversely associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Experimental studies demonstrated that tea had protective effects against diabetes mellitus and its complications via several possible mechanisms, including enhancing insulin action, ameliorating insulin resistance, activating insulin signaling pathway, protecting islet β-cells, scavenging free radicals, and decreasing inflammation. Moreover, clinical trials also confirmed that tea intervention is effective in patients with diabetes mellitus and its complications. Therefore, in order to highlight the importance of tea in the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus and its complications, this article summarizes and discusses the effects of tea against diabetes mellitus and its complications based on the findings from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with the special attention paid to the mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Start therapy of pain at gonarthrosis in patients with diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
I. G. Krasivina ◽  
L. N. Dolgova ◽  
N. V. Dolgov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction. Among phenotypic variants of osteoarthritis (OA), a special place is occupied by OA with a comorbidity. A therapy of a pain in OA patients with the comorbid for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) should be carried out with account for its effectiveness and safety.Objective. Perform comparative analysis of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of gonarthrosis and their therapeutic dynamics in moderate comorbid risk groups.Methods. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of gonarthrosis were studied in 386 women (mean age 61.3 ± 7.8 years), of which 162 ones had DM2. We evaluated several characteristics of the pain, which were summarized in the rating of pain (R_P). The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the blood serum was determined. An analysis of 75 samples of a synovial fluid (SF) obtained by a puncture of knee joints (KJ) in patients with severe synovitis was performed. An open-label controlled short-term trial of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of diclofenac sodium in gonarthrosis was performed in 30 people in the euglycemic group and in the comorbid one according to DM2.Results. R_P for concomitant DM2 was 22.2% (p = 0.0001) lower than for isolated gonarthrosis, but the concentration of CRP in serum and SF did not differ between groups. The glucose level in the SF with concomitant DM2 was 46.6% (p = 0.0001) higher. NSAIDs were used according to the needs of more than 75% of patients, but women with concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2 used non-selective drugs 1.9 times (p = 0.008) more often. The efficacy and safety of the drug containing diclofenac sodium was comparable in the euglycemic group and in the concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2 group, but patients with comorbid DM2 achieved an effect of 23% less quantity NSAIDs.Conclusions. The use of drugs containing diclofenac sodium in 87% of patients provides an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect with the satisfactory tolerance and the low drug demand, including in patients comorbid for type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals SODIUM-GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER-2 INHIBITORS AS NEW STRATEGY OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Andrii S. Herashchenko ◽  
Sergiy V. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Current Clinical Practice ◽  
Heart Failure Management ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) affects over 26 million people worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common cause of HF in current clinical practice. In recent years, the prevalence of DM has increased considerably, with an estimated 439 million adults worldwide projected to be affected by the year 2030. The aim: To was evaluate of modern trials in patients with diabetes and heart failure treated by Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Materials and Methods: The database from PubMed for the last 10 years has been reviewed. Conclusion: SGLT2i, namely Empagliflozin, has good results in their recovery from patients with HFrEF, but the results of their use in patients with HFpEF are currently questionable and need further study.

scholarly journals The Needs for Information and Education Media in Supporting Self-Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Rapitos Sidiq ◽  
John Amos ◽  
Widdefrita Widdefrita ◽  
Novelasari Novelasari ◽  
Evi Maria Silaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Material Research ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Using Data

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that has very high morbidity and mortality rate. This disease cannot be cured but can be controlled with good self-management. This research supports the need for appropriate information and educational media in supporting self-management of patien with diabetes mellitus. This research is qualitative and quantitative. The sample of this study was 105 people with diabetes. Data collection was conducted from July to November 2019 at 7 Puskesmas in Padang City, namely: Nanggalo, Lapai, Alai, Andalas, Ambacang, Kuranji, and Pauh, with interview questions and interviews. Qualitative data processing techniques with coding and data validity by triangulation and analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and analysis. Quantitative data analysis uses SEM (Structural Equation Model) analysis with the Lisrel 8.7 program. The results showed that the informants were elderly (56-65 years), 60% had good self-management quality, 65% actively participated in chronic disease management programs, 49.5 did not have cellphones. All aspects of self-management, namely blood sugar testing, physical exercise, taking medicine, diet and health education, can be used as educational material. Research information shows the fact most still need information about self-management of diabetics and in the form of conventional media. Informants who use phones that are approved for Android-based self-management applications.

scholarly journals A mathematical model for stratification of LADA risk groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Tatiana M. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Aim. To stratify risk groups via discriminant analysis based on the most clinically relevant indications of LADA onset derived from medical history.Materials and Methods. Present study included 141 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) of whom 65 had preliminary diagnosis of LADA, 40 patients were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 36 ? with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Discriminant analysis was performed to evaluate the differences between the clinical onsets in study groups.Results. Aside from torpid onset with early evidence for insulin resistance, clinical characteristics of LADA included diagnosis during random examination, progressive loss of body mass, hyperglycemia greater than 14 mmol/L at the diagnosis and, possibly, ketonuria without history of acute ketoacidosis.Conclusion. Discriminant analysis is beneficial in stratifying risk groups for the development of LADA.

Intramuscular Nerve and Neuromuscular Junction Alteration In Extraocular Muscles of Diabetic Mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Pachter
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oculomotor Palsy ◽  
Third Nerve Palsy ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Intramuscular Nerve ◽  
Oculomotor Nerves

Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest causes of neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous group of neuropathic disorders to which patients with diabetes mellitus are susceptible; more than one kind of neuropathy can frequently occur in the same individual. Abnormalities are also known to occur in nearly every anatomic subdivision of the eye in diabetic patients. Oculomotor palsy appears to be common in diabetes mellitus for their occurrence in isolation to suggest diabetes. Nerves to the external ocular muscles are most commonly affected, particularly the oculomotor or third cranial nerve. The third nerve palsy of diabetes is characteristic, being of sudden onset, accompanied by orbital and retro-orbital pain, often associated with complete involvement of the external ocular muscles innervated by the nerve. While the human and experimental animal literature is replete with studies on the peripheral nerves in diabetes mellitus, there is but a paucity of reported studies dealing with the oculomotor nerves and their associated extraocular muscles (EOMs).

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