Fusarium musae from Diseased Bananas and Human Patients: Susceptibility to Fungicides Used in Clinical and Agricultural Settings

Fusarium musae belongs to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. It causes crown rot disease in banana but also keratitis and skin infections as well as systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. Antifungal treatments in clinical and agricultural settings rely mostly on molecules belonging to the azole class. Given the potential risk of pathogen spread from food to clinical settings, the goal of the work was to define the level of susceptibility to different azoles of a worldwide population of F. musae. Eight fungicides used in agriculture and five antifungals used in clinical settings (4 azoles and amphotericin B) were tested using the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) protocol methodology on 19 F. musae strains collected from both infected patients and bananas. The level of susceptibility to the different active molecules was not dependent on the source of isolation with the exception of fenbuconazole and difenoconazole which had a higher efficiency on banana-isolated strains. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the different molecules ranged from 0.12–0.25 mg/L for prochloraz to more than 16 mg/L for tetraconazole and fenbuconazole. Compared to the F. verticillioides, F. musae MICs were higher suggesting the importance of monitoring the potential future spread of this species also in clinical settings.

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Telomere to telomere genome assembly of Fusarium musae F31, causal agent of crown rot disease of banana.

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-05-21-0127-a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luca Degradi ◽

Valeria Tava ◽

Andrea Kunova ◽

Paolo Cortesi ◽

Marco Saracchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Assembly ◽

Species Complex ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽

Valuable Resource ◽

High Quality ◽

Long Reads ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi Species Complex ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Chromosome Level

Fusarium musae van Hove causes crown rot of banana and it is also associated to clinical fusariosis. A chromosome-level genome assembly of Fusarium musae F31 obtained combining Nanopore long reads and Illumina paired end reads resulted in 12 chromosomes plus one contig with overall N50 of 4.36 Mb, and is presented together with its mitochondrial genome (58072 bp). F31 genome includes telomeric regions for 11 of the 12 chromosomes representing the most complete genome available in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. The high-quality assembly of the F31 genome will be a valuable resource for studying the pathogenic interactions occurring between F. musae and banana. Moreover, it represents an important resource for understanding the genome evolution in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex.

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Fusarium fujikuroi species complex in Brazilian rice: unveiling increased phylogenetic diversity and toxigenic potential

10.31219/osf.io/kwvq5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Camila Primieri Nicolli ◽

Miriam Haidukowskic ◽

Antonia Susca ◽

Larissa Bitencourt Gomes ◽

Antonio Logrieco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Species Complex ◽

Phylogenetic Diversity ◽

The Other ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽

Phylogenetic Species ◽

Frequent Species ◽

New Knowledge ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi Species Complex

Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) species are commonly encountered infecting rice, but knowledge of the diversity and toxigenic potential of the species is lacking in Brazil, the largest rice-producing country outside Asia. One hundred FFSC isolates obtained from national rice were identified using morphology and phylogeny of TEF, CAL and TUB genes. Eight previously known and one new phylogenetic species were identified. Three species accounted for around 60% of the strains: F. fujikuroi (n = 23), F. proliferatum (n = 22) and F. verticillioides (n = 16). The less frequent species were F. volatile (n = 8), F. anthophilum (n = 6), F. pseudocircinatum (n = 4), F. sterilihyphosum (n = 2) and F. begoniae (n = 1). The new Fusarium sp. was represented by 18 isolates. All species produced at least one of the analyzed mycotoxins [beauvericin (BEA), fumonisins (FBs), moniliformin (MON) and enniatins (ENNs)]. BEA was produced by all species but F. verticillioides. The FBs (mainly FB1) were produced mostly by F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. F. begoniae and F. verticillioides did not produce ENNs and F. sterilihyphosum and F. begoniae did no produce MON, while the other species produced MON and ENNs. Our results contribute new knowledge of the diversity, geographical distribution and hosts of FFSC species.

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Design and validation of a robust multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for MAT idiomorph within the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex

Mycologia ◽

10.1080/00275514.2019.1649956 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 111 (5) ◽

pp. 772-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amelia C. Montoya-Martínez ◽

Gerardo Rodríguez-Alvarado ◽

Sylvia P. Fernández-Pavía ◽

Robert H. Proctor ◽

Hye-Seon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay ◽

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Species Complex ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi Species Complex ◽

Polymerase Chain

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Fusarium udum revisited: a common, but poorly understood member of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex

Mycological Progress ◽

10.1007/s11557-018-1446-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1-2) ◽

pp. 107-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ludwig H. Pfenning ◽

Maruzanete Pereira de Melo ◽

Marileide Moreira Costa ◽

Ailton Reis ◽

Cleia Santos Cabral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽

Fusarium Udum ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi Species Complex

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Species composition of and fumonisin production by the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex isolated from Korean cereals

International Journal of Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 267 ◽

pp. 62-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jung-Hye Choi ◽

Seolhee Lee ◽

Ju-Young Nah ◽

Hee-Kyoung Kim ◽

Ji-Seon Paek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Species Complex ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi Species Complex

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Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex Associated With Rice, Maize, and Soybean From Jiangsu Province, China: Phylogenetic, Pathogenic, and Toxigenic Analysis

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-19-1909-re ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (8) ◽

pp. 2193-2201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianbo Qiu ◽

Yunan Lu ◽

Dan He ◽

Yin-Won Lee ◽

Fang Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Species Complex ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Population Level ◽

Jiangsu Province ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Fusarium Fujikuroi Species Complex

Species belonging to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) are of vital importance and are a major concern for food quantity and quality worldwide, as they not only cause serious diseases in crops but also produce various mycotoxins. To characterize the population structure and evaluate the risk of poisonous secondary metabolites, a total of 237 candidate strains were isolated from rice, maize, and soybean samples in Jiangsu Province, China. Species identification of the individual strain was accomplished by sequencing the translation elongation factor 1α gene (TEF-1α) and the fumonisin (FB) synthetic gene (FUM1). The distribution of Fusarium species among the different crops was observed. The maize seeds were dominated by F. proliferatum (teleomorph, Gibberella intermedia) and F. verticillioides (teleomorph, G. moniliformis), whereas F. fujikuroi (teleomorph, G. fujikuroi) was the most frequently isolated species from rice and soybean samples. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of these strains were performed, and the results suggested clear groups showing no obvious relationship with the origin source. FFSC species pathogenicity and toxigenicity were studied. All of the species reduced the rice seed germination rate, with no significant differences. F. fujikuroi showed two distinct patterns of influencing the length of rice seedlings, which were correlated with FBs and gibberellic acid synthesis. FBs were mainly produced by F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi also produced moniliformin and beauvericin. The toxigenicity of F. andiyazi (teleomorph, G. andiyazi) was extremely low. Further analysis indicated that the sequence variations in TEF-1α and the differences in the expression levels of the toxin synthesis genes were associated with the diversity of secondary metabolites in F. fujikuroi strains. These findings provide insight into the population-level characterization of the FFSC and might be helpful in the development of strategies for the management of diseases and mycotoxins.

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A New Root and Crown Rot Disease of Heath in California Caused by Cylindrocladium pauciramosum

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.6.589d ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 589-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. T. Koike ◽

D. M. Henderson ◽

P. W. Crous ◽

C. L. Schoch ◽

S. A. Tjosvold

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Species Complex ◽

Ground Cover ◽

First Record ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

Similar Disease ◽

Crown Tissue ◽

Root And Crown Rot ◽

Rot Disease

Heath (Erica capensis Salter) is a woody, evergreen plant used in Cali-fornia as a landscape shrub or ground cover. In 1997, a new root and crown disease was found in commercial nursery plantings of potted heath. A similar disease was found in 1998 on heath transplants being grown as liners. In both situations, roots were necrotic and crown tissue turned brown. Affected plants became gray-green in color, withered, and died. A Cylindrocladium species was consistently isolated from roots, crowns, and lower stems of symptomatic plants. Isolates were characterized by having penicillate conidiophores terminating in obpyriform to broadly ellipsoidal vesicles. Conidia were hyaline, 1-septate, straight with rounded ends, (30-) 45 to 55 (-60) × (3.5-) 4 to 5 μm, placing it in the Cylindrocladium candelabrum Viégas species complex. Ten single-conidial isolates produced perithecia with viable progeny of Calonectria pauciramosa C.L. Schoch & Crous when mated on carnation leaf agar with tester strains of Cylindrocladium pauciramosum C.L. Schoch & Crous (1). Matings with tester strains of all other species in this complex proved unsuccessful. Pathogenicity of 8 representative isolates was confirmed by applying 3 ml of a conidial suspension (3.0 × 105 conidia per ml) to the crowns of potted, 6-month-old, rooted heath cuttings that were subsequently maintained in a greenhouse (23 to 25°C). After 2 weeks, plant crowns and roots developed symptoms similar to those observed in the field, and plants later wilted and died. C. pauciramosum was reiso-lated from all plants. Control plants, which were treated with water, did not develop any symptoms. The tests were repeated and the results were similar. This is the first report of C. pauciramosum as a pathogen of heath, and the first record of this pathogen from North America. Reference: (1) C. L. Schoch et al. Mycologia 91:286, 1999.

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First Report of a Root and Crown Rot Disease of Myrtle in California Caused by Cylindrocladium pauciramosum

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2001.85.4.448c ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 448-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. T. Koike ◽

P. W. Crous

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

The United States ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

First Report ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Crown Tissue ◽

Root And Crown Rot ◽

Plant Pathol ◽

Rot Disease

Myrtle (Myrtus communis) is a woody, evergreen plant used in California as a landscape shrub or potted plant. In 2000, a new root and crown disease was found in commercial nursery myrtle being grown as potted plants. Roots were necrotic and crown tissue was brown. Affected plants became gray-green in color, withered, and died. A Cylindrocladium sp. was consistently isolated from roots, crowns, and lower stems of symptomatic plants. Isolates were characterized by having penicillate conidiophores terminating in obpyriform to broadly ellipsoidal vesicles. Conidia were hyaline, 1-septate, straight with rounded ends, (50-) 53 to 56 (-58) × (3.5-) 4 to 6 μm, placing it in the Cylindrocladium candelabrum Viégas species complex. Single-conidial isolates (STE-U 4012 to 4018) produced perithecia with viable progeny of Calonectria pauciramosa C.L. Schoch & Crous when mated on carnation leaf agar with tester strains of Cylindrocladium pauciramosum C.L. Schoch & Crous (2). Matings with tester strains of all other species in this complex proved unsuccessful. Only one mating type of C. pauciramosum has thus far been found in the United States. Pathogenicity of representative isolates was confirmed by applying 5 ml of a conidial suspension (1.0 × 106 conidia/ml) to the crowns of potted, 5-month-old, rooted mytle cuttings that were subsequently maintained in a greenhouse (23 to 25°C). After 4 weeks, plant crowns and roots developed symptoms similar to those observed in the nursery, and plants later wilted and died. C. pauciramosum was re-isolated from all plants. Control plants, which were treated with water, did not develop any symptoms. The tests were repeated and the results were similar. This is the first report of C. pauciramosum as a pathogen of myrtle in California. The disease has been reported on myrtle in Europe (1). References: (1) G. Polizzi and P. W. Crous. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 105:407, 1999. (2) C. L. Schoch et al. Mycologia 91:286, 1999.

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