Geographical Origin Does Not Modulate Pathogenicity or Response to Climatic Variables of Fusarium oxysporum Associated with Vascular Wilt on Asparagus

Asparagus crop is distributed worldwide, covering very different climatic regions. Among the different diseases that affect asparagus, vascular Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. aparagi (Foa), stands out. It is not only the cause of large economic losses due to a decrease in yield and shortened longevity of the plantation, but also prevents replanting. This work aimed to determine if F. oxysporum isolates associated with vascular wilt on asparagus have adapted differentially to the different agro-environmental conditions. The potential correlation between origin and mycelial growth under different temperatures and humidity conditions was analysed for isolates from asparagus fields cultivated in northern and southern Europe. The genetic and pathogenic variability were also analysed. While a clear effect of water activity on mycelial growth was observed, all isolates responded in a similar way to changes in water activity in the medium, regardless of their geographical origin. The results revealed a low genetic variability of F. oxysporum isolates associated with vascular wilt on asparagus without signs of differentiation correlated to geographical origin. The southernmost isolates of the two cultivated varieties inoculated did not express more pathogenicity than those isolated from the colder region.

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Identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris Physiological Races in Chickpea Cultivated Areas in Al-Ghab Region, Syria

Arab Journal Of Plant Protection ◽

10.22268/ajpp-39.4.231240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 231-240

Author(s):

Leila Allouch ◽

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Vascular Wilt ◽

Physiological Races ◽

The World ◽

Chickpea Cultivars

Alloush, L., S. Al-Maghribi and B. Barhom. 2021. Identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris Physiological Races in Chickpea Cultivated Areas in Al-Ghab Region, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 231-240. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.231240 Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is one of the diseases that cause significant economic losses to the chickpea crop around the world, as infection with FOC can occurs during the different stages of plant growth. One of the best approaches to reduce the damage caused by FOC is by using resistant chickpea varieties. Hence, this study aimed to determine the physiological races of 25 FOC isolates collected from 20 agricultural sites belonging to six regulatory zones in the Al-Ghab region in Syria, based on their pathogenicity on 13 differential chickpea cultivars (C-104, JG -74, CPS-1, BG-215, BG-212, WR-315, Anniger, Chaffa, ILC482, L-550, K850-3/27, UC-27). The study was carried out during 2020 at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Al-Ghab. The results obtained showed that the tested isolates belong to races 0, 1B/C, 2, 3, 5, and 6. This is the first report of races 2 and 3 in Syria, and each of them constituted 28% of the total tested isolates, whereas 24% of the isolates were represented by race 0, and both races 5 and 1B/C occurred at 8% frequency, and race 6 included one isolate obtained from Abu Faraj site. Keywords: Chickpea, vascular wilt, physiological races, pathogenicity, Al-Ghab, Syria

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Hyperspectral response of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) plants inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali for vascular wilt detection

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas ◽

10.17584/rcch.2020v14i3.10938 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 301-313

Author(s):

Cristhian Giraldo-Betancourt ◽

Edisson Andrés Velandia-Sánchez ◽

Gerhard Fischer ◽

Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽

Luís Joel Martínez

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Spectral Response ◽

Visible Spectrum ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Vascular Wilt ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Red Edge ◽

Progress Curve ◽

Simple Ratio ◽

Cape Gooseberry

This study used greenhouse conditions to determine the hyperspectral responses of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) plants inoculated with different Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali densities because the causal agent of vascular wilt generates great economic losses for farmers. A completely randomized design with four replicates was established. The evaluated treatments were inoculum densities 0.0, 1.0·103 and 1.0·106 conidia/mL of the pathogen. The inoculation was done with immersion of roots in conidia suspensions. The spectral response was directly measured on the plant leaves with a spectroradiometer. Non-invasive detection in the P. peruviana - F. oxysporum pathosystem with reflectance values was used with different spectral indices related to the visible and Red Edge, which were calculated and correlated with the disease variables. The treatments showed significant differences in the visible spectrum starting 14 days after inoculation with higher reflectance values. The chlorophyll index at the red edge (ChRE), the modified chlorophyll absorption index (MCARI), the simple ratio index (SR) and the Zarco & Miller index (ZM) showed highly significant correlations with the area under the disease progress curve for leaves (AUDPCL), leaf area and fresh weight of the aerial part of the plants. This study showed the potential of spectral patterns for the detection and study of Fusarium wilt in P. peruviana.

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Antifungal Activity against Fusarium oxysporum of Botanical End-Products: An Integration of Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity Datasets to Identify Antifungal Bioactives

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10122563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2563

Author(s):

Diego Cárdenas-Laverde ◽

Ricardo Barbosa-Cornelio ◽

Ericsson Coy-Barrera

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Indirect Approach ◽

Botanical Extracts

Plants produce various compounds as defensive barriers to naturally control fungal diseases. Among them, vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most destructive diseases in crops, causing relevant economic losses. The application of synthetic fungicides is the most used management for this disease. However, this kind of method also involves adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, alternative methods are continuously being developed as a strategy to be involved in integrated pest management programs. Thus, as part of our research on antifungals of plant origin, a group of botanical extracts was assessed for the respective inhibitory effect on mycelium and conidia of F. oxysporum. Mycelial growth inhibition was measured in 12-well plates containing amended semi-solid medium, whereas conidial susceptibility was determined through microdilution. The identification of the bioactive compounds among test extracts was performed using an indirect approach, consisting of the integration of chemical composition and antifungal activity datasets through single-Y orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) regression. Results showed that Piper aduncum extract was the most potent mycelial growth inhibitor whereas P. elongatum exhibited the best effect on conidia susceptibility. The active compounds identified through statistical integration and subsequent isolation were piperaduncin C, asebogenin and (−)-methyllinderatin. These findings indicated that the integrative, indirect approach is useful for the identification of bioactive metabolites from botanical extracts to be further used as biological protective agents against this phytopathogen.

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Biomedical Properties of Propolis on Diverse Chronic Diseases and Its Potential Applications and Health Benefits

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Nelly Rivera-Yañez ◽

C. Rebeca Rivera-Yañez ◽

Glustein Pozo-Molina ◽

Claudia F. Méndez-Catalá ◽

Adolfo R. Méndez-Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternative Medicine ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Primary Health ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Obesity And Cancer ◽

Resinous Product

The use of alternative medicine products has increased tremendously in recent decades and it is estimated that approximately 80% of patients globally depend on them for some part of their primary health care. Propolis is a beekeeping product widely used in alternative medicine. It is a natural resinous product that bees collect from various plants and mix with beeswax and salivary enzymes and comprises a complex mixture of compounds. Various biomedical properties of propolis have been studied and reported in infectious and non-infectious diseases. However, the pharmacological activity and chemical composition of propolis is highly variable depending on its geographical origin, so it is important to describe and study the biomedical properties of propolis from different geographic regions. A number of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer, are the leading causes of global mortality, generating significant economic losses in many countries. In this review, we focus on compiling relevant information about propolis research related to diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The study of propolis could generate both new and accessible alternatives for the treatment of various diseases and will help to effectively evaluate the safety of its use.

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PR-1-Like Protein as a Potential Target for the Identification of Fusarium oxysporum: An In Silico Approach

BioTech ◽

10.3390/biotech10020008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare ◽

Arun Gokul ◽

Marshall Keyster

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

In Silico ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Research Work ◽

Receptor Protein ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Protein Receptor ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Docking Interaction

Fusarium oxysporum remains one of the leading causes of economic losses and poor crop yields; its detection is strained due to its presentation in various morphological and physiological forms. This research work sought to identify novel biomarkers for the detection of Fusarium oxysporum using in silico approaches. Experimentally validated anti-Fusarium oxysporum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were used to construct a profile against Fusarium oxysporum. The performance and physicochemical parameters of these peptides were predicted. The gene for the Fusarium oxysporum receptor protein PR-1-like Protein, Fpr1, was identified and translated. The resulting protein model from the translation was then validated. The anti-Fusarium oxysporum AMPs and Fusarium oxysporum receptor protein 3-D structures were characterized, and their docking interaction analyses were carried out. The HMMER in silico tool identified novel anti-Fusarium oxysporum antimicrobial peptides with good performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. These AMPs also displayed good physicochemical properties and bound with greater affinity to Fusarium oxysporum protein receptor PR-1-like Protein. The tendency of these AMPs to precisely detect Fusarium oxysporum PR-1-like Protein, Fpr1, would justify their use for the identification of the fungus. This study would enhance and facilitate the identification of Fusarium oxysporum to reduce problems associated with poor crop yield, economic losses, and decreased nutritional values of plants to keep up with the growing population.

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Molecular aspects of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) vascular wilt by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and antagonism by Trichoderma spp.

Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.18781/r.mex.fit.2106-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paula Andrea Castillo-Sanmiguel ◽

Laura Rocío Cortés-Sánchez ◽

Jovanna Acero-Godoy

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Vascular Wilt ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Synthetic Chemicals ◽

Efficient Alternative ◽

Molecular Aspects ◽

The One

Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) are susceptible to the infection by diverse pathogens that cause devastating diseases such as vascular wilt, which causes great losses at the production level. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is one of the etiologic agents of this disease and its control lies in the use of synthetic chemicals which generate a negative impact in both health and the environment; thus, it is necessary to implement biological control as a healthier and more efficient alternative. The fungus Trichoderma spp. is a favorable option to be employed as a biocontroller against this pathogen thanks to its antagonist mechanisms, determined by metabolic and genetic characteristics. On the one hand, for Fol it is indispensable the activation of signaling routes such as MAPK Fmk1, MAPK Mpk1 y HOG, while Trichoderma spp. uses effectors involved in the interaction with the plant such as proteins, enzymes and secondary metabolites that also strengthen its immune response against infection, determined by both Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) and effectors. Therefore, this article makes a review about the mentioned characteristics and suggests a greater application of tools and molecular markers for the management of this disease.

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056401116 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

D. Brayford

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Ivory Coast ◽

Plant Material ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Central Africa ◽

Vascular Wilt ◽

West And Central Africa

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Elaeis guineensis (Oil palm). May also infect E. oleifera, E. madagascariensis and E. melanococca. DISEASE: Vascular wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: West and central Africa: Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Zaire. Possibly Colombia. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil or plant material. Potentially by means of seed (52, 4182).

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056401118 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

D. Brayford

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Great Britain ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Cucumis Melo ◽

Vascular Wilt ◽

Distribution Map

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cucumis melo (Muskmelon, Cantaloupe). DISEASE: Vascular wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: IMI Distribution Map 496. Africa: Morocco, Zimbabwe. Asia: India, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, USSR. Australasia: Australia. Europe: Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Netherlands, Turkey. America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil borne and may be tramsmitted by seed.

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Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056400028 ◽

1964 ◽

Author(s):

C. Booth

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Central America ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

West Indies ◽

Central African Republic ◽

Vascular Wilt ◽

Vein Clearing ◽

Cotton Plants ◽

Cotton Belt

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Gossypium spp., and species of Cajanus, Coffea, Hevea, Hibiscus, Medicago, Ricinus, Solanum and Vigna. DISEASE: Vascular wilt or Fusariosis of cotton is a disease affecting its host at all stages of its growth. Early symptoms on seedlings consist of vein clearing of the leaves followed by necrosis of the interveinal tissue and death of the leaves. On older plants leaves become chlorotic and the vascular tissues show a brown discolouration. Growth is retarded and the plant eventually wilts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Congo, Central African Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, South Africa, Tanganyika, Uganda; Asia: Burma, China, Formosa, India, Indo-China, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, U.S.S.R. ; Europe: France, Greece, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia; North America, Mexico, U.S.A. (cotton belt); Central America & West Indies: Guatemala, Nevis, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Salvador, St. Vincent; South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela. (C.M.I. Map 362). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, but may also be transmitted by water and seed. The pathogen has been recovered from delineated seed obtained from infected cotton plants in the Central African Republic, Congo, Tanganyika and Brazil (32: 186; 33: 143; 40: 754; 41: 389). The percentage infection ranged from 0.2 to 5.0.

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Development and health status of Centropomus undecimalisparasitized by Rhabdosynochus rhabdosynochus (Monogenea) under different salinity and temperature conditions

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015062 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 350-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giovanni Lemos de Mello ◽

Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo ◽

Karen Roberta Tancredo ◽

Jéssica Brol ◽

Evelyn Jacques de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

The Mean ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

C 32 ◽

Wbc Count

This study evaluated the correlation of hematological parameters with the mean abundance of the monogenean helminth Rhabdosynochus rhabdosynochus in Centropomus undecimalis reared at different temperatures and salinities. The experimental conditions were: 28 °C/0 ppt (parts per thousand); 28 °C/15 ppt; 28 °C/32 ppt; 25 °C/0 ppt; 25 °C/15 ppt; and 25 °C/32 ppt. The prevalence was 100.0% in fish at 28 °C/15 ppt, 28 °C/32 ppt and 25 °C/15 ppt, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) from those at 25 °C/32 ppt. The red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit and total leukocyte (WBC) count were significantly higher in fish at 28 °C/15 ppt and 28 °C/32 ppt. The mean abundance of R. rhabdosynochus, hematocrit and RBC showed positive correlations (P < 0.05) with temperature (ρ= 0.3908; ρ= 0.4771 and ρ = 0.2812). Mean abundance showed negative correlations with hemoglobin (ρ= -0.3567) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (ρ = -0.2684). No correlation between abundance and salinity was detected among the experimental conditions (ρ = -0.0204). The low numbers of monogeneans recorded (min -1 and max -33) explain the few changes to fish health. This suggests that these experimental conditions may be recommended for development of rearing of C. undecimalis in Brazil, without any influence or economic losses from R. rhabdosynochus.

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