scholarly journals Diet, Obesity, and Depression: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Olivia Patsalos ◽  
Johanna Keeler ◽  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx ◽  
Allan H. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Specific Subgroup

Background: Obesity and depression co-occur in a significant proportion of the population. Mechanisms linking the two disorders include the immune and the endocrine system, psychological and social mechanisms. The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain whether weight loss through dietary interventions has the additional effect of ameliorating depressive symptoms in obese patients. Methods: We systematically searched three databases (Pubmed, Medline, Embase) for longitudinal clinical trials testing a dietary intervention in people with obesity and depression or symptoms of depression. Results: Twenty-four longitudinal clinical studies met the eligibility criteria with a total of 3244 included patients. Seventeen studies examined the effects of calorie-restricted diets and eight studies examined dietary supplements (two studies examined both). Only three studies examined people with a diagnosis of both obesity and depression. The majority of studies showed that interventions using a calorie-restricted diet resulted in decreases in depression scores, with effect sizes between ≈0.2 and ≈0.6. The results were less clear for dietary supplements. Conclusions: People with obesity and depression appear to be a specific subgroup of depressed patients in which calorie-restricted diets might constitute a promising personalized treatment approach. The reduction of depressive symptoms may be related to immunoendocrine and psychosocial mechanisms.

scholarly journals A systematic review on the relationship between mental health, radicalization and mass violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Błażej Misiak ◽  
Jerzy Samochowiec ◽  
Kamaldeep Bhui ◽  
Merryam Schouler-Ocak ◽  
Hella Demunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Specific Subgroup ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractRadicalization is a process, by which individuals adopt extreme political, social and religious ideation that leads to mass violence acts. It has been hypothesized that mental health characteristics might be associated with a risk of radicalization. However, a qualitative synthesis of studies investigating the relationship between mental health and radicalization has not been performed so far. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review of studies examining the association between mental health characteristics and the risk of radicalization. Two reviewers performed an independent search of online databases from their inception until 8th April 2018 and 12 publications met eligibility criteria. There were several methodological limitations across the majority of eligible publications, including doubtful sample representativeness, use of diagnostic procedures without personal assessment of mental health status or lack of standardized tools for assessment of mental health. Representative cross-sectional studies revealed that depressive symptoms might be associated with radicalization proneness. However, it remains unknown whether depressive symptoms are associated with resilience or vulnerability to radicalization. Another finding from our systematic review is that several personality traits might predispose to develop extreme ideation. Finally, there is some evidence that lone-actors might represent a specific subgroup of subjects with extreme beliefs which can be characterized by high prevalence of psychotic and/or mood disorders. In conclusion, this systematic review indicates that caution should be taken on how the association between ‘mental health’ and ‘radicalization’ is being claimed, because of limited evidence so far, and a number of methodological limitations of studies addressing this issue.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e017173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghui Wang ◽  
Xiaohang Wu ◽  
Weiyi Lai ◽  
Erping Long ◽  
Xiayin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

ObjectivesDepression and depressive symptoms are common mental disorders that have a considerable effect on patients’ health-related quality of life and satisfaction with medical care, but the prevalence of these conditions varies substantially between published studies. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a precise estimate of the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among outpatients in different clinical specialties.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources and eligibility criteriaThe PubMed and PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify observational studies that contained information on the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in outpatients. All studies included were published before January 2016. Data characteristics were extracted independently by two investigators. The point prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was measured using validated self-report questionnaires or structured interviews. Assessments were pooled using a random-effects model. Differences in study-level characteristics were estimated by meta-regression analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using standard χ2tests and the I2statistic. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO under number CRD42017054738.ResultsEighty-three cross-sectional studies involving 41 344 individuals were included in this study. The overall pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 27.0% (10 943/41 344 individuals; 95% CI 24.0% to 29.0%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (p<0.0001, τ2=0.3742, I2=96.7%). Notably, a significantly higher prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms was observed in outpatients than in the healthy controls (OR 3.16, 95% CI 2.66 to 3.76, I2=72.0%, χ2=25.33). The highest depression/depressive symptom prevalence estimates occurred in studies of outpatients from otolaryngology clinics (53.0%), followed by dermatology clinics (39.0%) and neurology clinics (35.0%). Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in different specialties varied from 17.0% to 53.0%. The prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms was higher among outpatients in developing countries than in outpatients from developed countries. Moreover, the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms in outpatients slightly decreased from 1996 to 2010. Regarding screening instruments, the Beck Depression Inventory led to a higher estimate of the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms (1316/4702, 36.0%, 95% CI 29.0% to 44.0%, I2=94.8%) than the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (1003/2025, 22.0%, 95% CI 12.0% to 35.0%, I2=96.6%).ConclusionOur study provides evidence that a significant proportion of outpatients experience depression or depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of developing effective management strategies for the early identification and treatment of these conditions among outpatients in clinical practice. The substantial heterogeneity between studies was not fully explained by the variables examined.

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lins Carvalho ◽  
Lilian Maria Sanguinett de Almeida ◽  
Camila Maria Araújo Lorega ◽  
Mirella Francyne Oliveira Barata ◽  
Maria Lúcia Brito Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Introduction Studies assessing symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have reported contradictory results. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the prevalence of these mood disorders in the literature. Methods We searched the PubMed, HighWire, MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS and ScienceDirect databases. Literature was selected for review in two stages, according to eligibility criteria. The first stage involved searching databases and checking titles and abstracts. The second step consisted of reading complete articles and excluding those that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were articles written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, published in the last five years and involving people with ALS diagnosed according to the El Escorial criteria. Results The database searches returned a total of 1,135 titles and abstracts and then 1,117 of these were excluded. Eighteen articles were selected for review. The 12-item Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Depression Inventory (ADI-12) was the only instrument designed specifically to assess depression in ALS, but it was only used in three studies. No instruments specifically designed for anxiety in ALS were used. A large number of studies found presence and slight increase of anxiety disorders. There was considerable large variation in the results related to depressive disorders, ranging from moderate depression to an absence of symptoms. Conclusions Patients with ALS may exhibit symptoms of depression and anxiety at different levels, but there is a need for studies using specific instruments with larger samples in order to ascertain the prevalence of symptoms in ALS and the factors associated with it.

Comparative Efficacy of Seven Exercise interventions for Symptoms of depression in college students: a network of meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyu Guo ◽  
Fuying Li ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Depressed College Students

Abstract Background Depression among college students is common, exercise interventions are valued as one of the most widely prescribed interventions for depressed college students, however, it is especially difficult for university administrators to determine which exercise intervention is most effective, and efficacy of exercise interventions among depressed college students have not been evaluated. Objectives To systematically review and compare the efficacy of Seven Exercise interventions for Symptoms of depression in college students. Method A network of meta-analysis was conducted to fill the objectives. PubMed, Embase databases, and two Chinese language electronic databases WANFANG and CNKI were searched for the related articles. Eligibility criteria Randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of Seven Exercise interventions with usual care of college students with depression were included in the review. Main outcomes The Primary outcome of the present study were standardized mean difference(SMD) and the mean change of depressive symptoms. Results 14 trials were identified, including 2010 depressed college students. The result of direct meta-analysis of this review indicated exercise interventions overall had a significantly lower mean depression scores (SMD=-1.13) when compared with usual care. The result of NMA indicated when comparing with badminton intervention, yoga(SMD=-7.7, 95%CI -14 to -0.93) and tai chi (SMD=-9.4, 95%CI -16 to -2.7) can significantly decrease depression scores of the depressed college students. The rank of seven exercise interventions with respect to efficiently decrease symptom of depressed undergraduates was Tai chi > Yoga > Volleyball > Dance > Run> Basketball> Badminton, respectively. Conclusions Tai chi exhibited the highest probability that became the most efficacy intervention among the comparions, and Yoga showed the second most effectiveness to alleviate depressive symptoms of depressed college students, and dance ranks the third, followed by run, volleyball, basketball, badminton respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of yoga on depressive symptoms in people with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2019-101242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinta Brinsley ◽  
Felipe Schuch ◽  
Oscar Lederman ◽  
Danielle Girard ◽  
Matthew Smout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Treatment As Usual

ObjectiveTo assess whether physically active yoga is superior to waitlist control, treatment as usual and attention control in alleviating depressive symptoms in people with a diagnosed mental disorder recognised by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Data sourcesData were obtained from online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, EMCARE, PEDro). The search and collection of eligible studies was conducted up to 14 May 2019 (PROSPERO registration No CRD42018090441).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included randomised controlled trials with a yoga intervention comprising ≥50% physical activity in adults with a recognised diagnosed mental disorder according to DSM-3, 4 or 5.Results19 studies were included in the review (1080 participants) and 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis (632 participants). Disorders of depression, post-traumatic stress, schizophrenia, anxiety, alcohol dependence and bipolar were included. Yoga showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms than waitlist, treatment as usual and attention control (standardised mean difference=0.41; 95% CI −0.65 to −0.17; p<0.001). Greater reductions in depressive symptoms were associated with higher frequency of yoga sessions per week (β=−0.44, p<0.01).

Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, Stress, and Quality of Life in Family Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 016402752110434
Author(s):  
Areum Han
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
People With Dementia

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, and quality of life in family caregivers of people with dementia. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted within the PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Depending on I2 statistic values for heterogeneity, either a random effects model or fixed effects model was used. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the types of control groups and MBIs. Results: 15 RCTs met the eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses showed medium to large effects of MBIs on depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, and quality of life at the immediate posttest. Small to large effects of MBIs were found at follow-up. Conclusions: Future high-quality studies involving different types of MBIs and delivery modes are needed to better understand effects of MBIs on family caregivers of people with dementia and examine effective intervention features.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of depressive disorders in people living with hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e037975
Author(s):  
Francky Teddy Endomba ◽  
Temgoua Ngou Mazou ◽  
Jean Joel Bigna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Major Depressive Symptoms

ObjectivesBetter knowledge of epidemiology of depressive disorders in people living with hypertension can help to implement pertinent strategies to address its burden. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders and symptoms in people living with hypertension in Africa.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, African Index Medicus, African Journals OnLine were searched up to 31 January 2020, regardless of the language of publication.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies conducted among adult patients with hypertension (≥18 years) living in Africa and reporting the prevalence of depressive disorders and symptoms.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent investigators selected studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies by using the tools developed by Joanna Briggs Institute. Multivariate random-effects meta-analysis served to pool data by considering the variability between diagnostic tools used to identify patients with depressive disorders or symptoms.ResultsWe included 11 studies with 5299 adults with hypertension. Data were collected between 2002 and 2017, from South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Ethiopia and Burkina Faso. The mean age varied between 50.3 years and 59.6 years. The proportion of men ranged from 28% to 54%. The adjusted prevalence of depressive disorders taking into account the variance between diagnostic tools was 17.9% (95% CI 13.0% to 23.4%). The prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive symptoms was 33.3% (95% CI 9.9% to 61.6%) and 7.8% (95% CI 3.0% to 14.5%), respectively. There was heterogeneity attributable to the diagnostic tools for depressive disorders and symptoms. There was no publication bias.ConclusionNotwithstanding the representativeness lack of some (sub) regions of Africa, weakening the generalisability of findings to the entire region; depressive disorders and symptoms are prevalent in people living with hypertension in Africa, indicating that strategies from clinicians, researchers and public health makers are needed to reduce its burden in the region.

scholarly journals Effect of saffron supplementation on symptoms of depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 557-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Marx ◽  
Melissa Lane ◽  
Tetyana Rocks ◽  
Anu Ruusunen ◽  
Amy Loughman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Context Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has gained interest as a potential treatment in psychiatry. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to investigate the effect of saffron supplementation, as both an adjunctive therapy and monotherapy, on symptoms of depression and anxiety in clinical and general populations compared with pharmacotherapy or placebo. Data sources Using the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials was conducted. Data extraction A meta-analysis was conducted to determine treatment effect. Risk of bias was assessed using the Jadad scale. Results Twenty-three studies were included. Saffron had a large positive effect size when compared with placebo for depressive symptoms (g = 0.99, P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (g = 0.95, P < 0.006). Saffron also had a large positive effect size when used as an adjunct to antidepressants for depressive symptoms (g = 1.23, P = 0.028). Egger’s regression test found evidence of publication bias. Conclusions Saffron could be an effective intervention for symptoms of depression and anxiety; however, due to evidence of publication bias and lack of regional diversity, further trials are required. PROSPERO registration CRD42017070060.

scholarly journals Early Adverse Stress and Depressive and Bipolar Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Martínez ◽  
Sergio Gloger ◽  
Dante Diez de Medina ◽  
Arantza González ◽  
María I. Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: A significant proportion of adults with depressive or bipolar disorders exposed to early adverse stressors do not adequately respond to standard treatments. This review aimed at synthesizing the evidence on the effectiveness of treatment interventions for depressive or bipolar disorders in adult individuals (aged 18 years or more) exposed to adverse stress early in life.Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis including experimental and quasi-experimental published studies indexed in CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases and/or in reference lists. Data management and critical appraisal (with the Study Quality Assessment Tools) was conducted independently by multiple researchers. A quality-effects model for meta-analysis was used for data synthesis and publication bias was assessed using the Doi plot and LFK index. The main outcome was short-term reductions in depressive symptoms.Results: Eight randomized controlled trials, three controlled before-and-after (pre-post) studies, and three uncontrolled before-and-after studies were included. Studies lacked bipolar disorder patients. Unclear randomization procedures and reporting of blinded outcome assessor, and limited use of intention-to-treat analysis, were relevant potential sources of bias. Meta-analyses indicated that psychological, pharmacological, and combined interventions were effective in reducing depressive symptoms in the short- (Cohen's d = −0.55, 95% CI −0.75 to −0.36, I2 = 0%) and mid-term (Cohen's d = −0.66, 95% CI −1.07 to −0.25, I2 = 65.0%). However, a high risk of publication bias was detected for these outcomes. A small number of studies, with mixed results, reported interventions with long-term improvements in depressive symptomatology, and short- and mid-term response to treatment and remission.Conclusion: Despite the well-documented long-lasting, negative, and costly impact of early adverse stressors on adult psychopathology, evidence on treatment alternatives remains scant. Trauma-focused treatment interventions—whether psychological interventions alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy—may have the potential to reduce the severity of depressive symptom in adults who were exposed to early adverse stress. Findings must be interpreted with considerable caution, as important study and outcome-level limitations were observed and gray literature was not considered in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of Flavonoids on Symptoms of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Sawan Ali ◽  
Graziamaria Corbi ◽  
Michael Maes ◽  
Giovanni Scapagnini ◽  
Sergio Davinelli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

Recent evidence suggests that diet modifies key biological factors associated with the development of depression. It has been suggested that this could be due to the high flavonoid content commonly found in many plant foods, beverages and dietary supplements. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effects of dietary flavonoids on the symptoms of depression. A total of 46 studies met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 36 were intervention trials and 10 were observational studies. A meta-analysis of 36 clinical trials involving a total of 2788 participants was performed. The results showed a statistically significant effect of flavonoids on depressive symptoms (mean difference = −1.65; 95% C.I., −2.54, −0.77; p < 0.01). Five of the 10 observational studies included in the systematic review reported significant results, suggesting that a higher flavonoid intake may improve symptoms of depression. Further studies are urgently required to elucidate whether causal and mechanistic links exist, along with substantiation of functional brain changes associated with flavonoid consumption.

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