scholarly journals The Human Self Has Two Serial Aspects and Is Dynamic: A Concept Based on Neurophysiological Evidence Supporting a Multiple Aspects Self Theory (MAST)

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Peter Walla ◽  
Georg Northoff ◽  
Cornelia Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Theoretical Idea ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Referential Processing

The self is an increasingly central topic in current neuroscience. Understanding the neural processes that are involved in self-referential processing and functioning may also be crucial to understanding consciousness. The current short communication goes beyond the typical concept that the self is singular, as has been assumed from neuroanatomical descriptions of the self by fMRI and PET studies. Long ago, theoretically, the idea of multiple aspects of the human self-arose, highlighting a dynamic organizational structure, but an increasing number of electrophysiological brain imaging studies, searching for the temporal dynamics of self-referential brain processes, now has empirical evidence supporting their existence. This short communication focuses on the theoretical idea of a dynamic self and provides first preliminary empirical evidence, including results from own studies of the authors, in support of, and highlights the serial dynamics of the human self, suggesting a primitive Me1 and an elaborate Me2 (a non-personal and a personal self). By focusing on the temporal dimension of the self, we propose that multiple aspects of the self can be distinguished based on their temporal sequence. A multiple aspects Self Theory (MAST) is proposed. This model is meant as a theoretical framework for future studies providing further support.

Self-referential processing in our brain—A meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self

NeuroImage ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 440-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Northoff ◽  
Alexander Heinzel ◽  
Moritz de Greck ◽  
Felix Bermpohl ◽  
Henrik Dobrowolny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Referential Processing

scholarly journals Assessing the extent and timing of chemosensory impairments during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Cecchetto ◽  
Antonella Di Pizio ◽  
Federica Genovese ◽  
Orietta Calcinoni ◽  
Alberto Macchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Essential Step

AbstractChemosensory impairments have been established as a specific indicator of COVID-19. They affect most patients and may persist long past the resolution of respiratory symptoms, representing an unprecedented medical challenge. Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic started, we now know much more about smell, taste, and chemesthesis loss associated with COVID-19. However, the temporal dynamics and characteristics of recovery are still unknown. Here, capitalizing on data from the Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research (GCCR) crowdsourced survey, we assessed chemosensory abilities after the resolution of respiratory symptoms in participants diagnosed with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in Italy. This analysis led to the identification of two patterns of chemosensory recovery, partial and substantial, which were found to be associated with differential age, degrees of chemosensory loss, and regional patterns. Uncovering the self-reported phenomenology of recovery from smell, taste, and chemesthetic disorders is the first, yet essential step, to provide healthcare professionals with the tools to take purposeful and targeted action to address chemosensory disorders and their severe discomfort.

scholarly journals An interdisciplinary perspective on the value of envy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Sara Protasi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
The Self ◽  
Instrumental Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
The Way

The public and scholars alike largely consider envy to be reprehensible. This judgment of the value of envy commonly results either from a limited understanding of the nature of envy or from a limited understanding of how to determine the value of phenomena. Overcoming this state requires an interdisciplinary collaboration of psychologists and philosophers. That is, broad empirical evidence regarding the nature of envy generated in psychological studies must inform judgments about the value of envy according to sophisticated philosophical standards. We conducted such a collaboration. Empirical research indicates that envy is constituted by multiple components which in turn predict diverse outcomes that may be functional for the self and society. Accordingly, the value of envy is similarly nuanced. Sometimes, envy may have instrumental value in promoting prudentially and morally good outcomes. Sometimes, envy may be non-instrumentally prudentially and morally good. Sometimes, envy may be bad. This nuanced perspective on the value of envy has implications for recommendations on how to deal with envy and paves the way toward future empirical and theoretical investigations on the nature and the value of envy.

scholarly journals PSYCHOGEOGRAPHICAL EXPERIENCE BETWEEN THE SELF AND THE PLACE

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-263
Author(s):  
Mohd Fadhli Shah Khaidzir ◽  
Ruzy Suliza Hashim ◽  
Noraini Md. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Place Meaning ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
Attachment Place

Background and Purpose: The absence of psychogeographical awareness is a critical factor contributing to the lackadaisical attitudes towards the place and its environment. As a result, it enables an individual to fully experience a location, both physically and intellectually, while also gaining a feeling of self-discovery and self-realisation.   Methodology: The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of a group of individuals who participated in a field observation. 40 participants from a Malaysian university's foundation level were brought to Malacca to experience the environment's geographical scenery at their own leisure. The survey data was then manually transcribed and analysed in accordance with the study's aim.   Findings: Interactions with individuals and observation of features in the countryside and urban surroundings enabled participants to go on a psychogeographical journey that influenced their way of thinking and behaving. All participants felt that the journey had influenced their experiences and perspectives on their thinking and behaviour, highlighting the critical role of this notion in establishing the connection between place and self.   Contributions:  The findings of this study provide a solid foundation for future research in the field of psychogeography. The data may be used as a baseline for future studies to determine whether a comparable impact exists in other locations, with or without significant features like those found in Malacca.   Keywords: Psychogeography, place attachment, place meaning, self-discovery, Malacca.   Cite as: Khaidzir, M. F. S., Hashim, R. S., & Md. Yusof, N. (2022). Psychogeographical experience between the self and the place.  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 243-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp243-263

Lingering neighbourhood effects: A framework to account for residential histories and temporal dynamics

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M Miltenburg ◽  
Tom WG van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Neighbourhood Effects ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Total Body

The large and growing body of neighbourhood effect studies has almost exclusively neglected individuals’ particular residential histories. Yet, former residential neighbourhoods are likely to have lingering effects beyond those of the current one and are dependent on exposure times and number of moves. This paper tests to what extent this blind spot induced a misestimation of neighbourhood effects for individuals with differential residential histories. Ultimately, we develop a methodological framework for studying the temporal dynamics of neighbourhood effects, capable of dealing with residential histories (moving behaviour, the passage of time and temporal exposure to different neighbourhoods). We apply cross-classified multi-level models (residents nested in current and former neighbourhoods) to analyse longitudinal individual-level population data from Dutch Statistics, covering fine-grained measures of residential histories. Our systematic comparison to conventional models reveals the necessity of including a temporal dimension: our models reveal an overestimation of the effect of the current neighbourhood by 16–30%, and an underestimation of the total body of neighbourhood effects by at least 13–24%. Our results show that neighbourhood effects are lingering, long-lasting and structural and also cannot be confined to a single point in time.

scholarly journals Tracking Your Mind's Eye during Recollection: Decoding the Long-Term Recall of Short Audiovisual Clips

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Christelle Larzabal ◽  
Nadège Bacon-Macé ◽  
Sophie Muratot ◽  
Simon J. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Consolidation Model ◽  
Retention Intervals ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Mind's Eye

Unlike familiarity, recollection involves the ability to reconstruct mentally previous events that results in a strong sense of reliving. According to the reinstatement hypothesis, this specific feature emerges from the reactivation of cortical patterns involved during information exposure. Over time, the retrieval of specific details becomes more difficult, and memories become increasingly supported by familiarity judgments. The multiple trace theory (MTT) explains the gradual loss of episodic details by a transformation in the memory representation, a view that is not shared by the standard consolidation model. In this study, we tested the MTT in light of the reinstatement hypothesis. The temporal dynamics of mental imagery from long-term memory were investigated and tracked over the passage of time. Participant EEG activity was recorded during the recall of short audiovisual clips that had been watched 3 weeks, 1 day, or a few hours beforehand. The recall of the audiovisual clips was assessed using a Remember/Know/New procedure, and snapshots of clips were used as recall cues. The decoding matrices obtained from the multivariate pattern analyses revealed sustained patterns that occurred at long latencies (>500 msec poststimulus onset) that faded away over the retention intervals and that emerged from the same neural processes. Overall, our data provide further evidence toward the MTT and give new insights into the exploration of our “mind's eye.”

scholarly journals Pelayanan Fiskus, Pelayanan Perpajakan dan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Andi Wijayanto
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Future Studies

This study was conducted to analyze the performance of the service of tax authorities, Taxation Services and Tax Compliance of taxpayers and the influence tax authorities Services and Taxation Services to the personal taxpayer compliance in Semarang District. The study using a survey research approach. The population in this study were all individual taxpayers in the district of Semarang. Sampling method using judgment sampling with a sample of 100 taxpayers. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The study concluded that: (a) variable of tax authorities service had no significant effect on the variable Taxpayer Compliance; (b) Taxation Services has positive and significant effect on Taxpayer Compliance; (c) variable service of tax authorities and Taxation Services simultaneously have significant effect on Taxpayer Compliance. The research suggestions: (a) taxation socialization should be increased so that all taxpayers know that they have choices and ease to report SPT; (b) Tax Officer must more Proactive and communicative to the taxpayers; (c) rewards and punishments apply to the taxpayer in accordance with the legislation in force; (d) variable service of tax authorities and Taxation Service has simultaneously contributed influences on taxpayer compliance is relatively small at only 16.7 percent. It is therefore recommended for future studies to examine several other factors, such as the understanding of the self-assessment system, education level, income level, tax penalties, or because of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja Pelayanan Fiskus, Pelayanan Perpajakan dan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak serta pengaruh Pelayanan Fiskus dan Pelayanan Perpajakan Wajib Pajak terhadap kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Kabupaten Semarang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh WP Orang Pribadi (OP) di Kabupaten Semarang. Metode penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik judgement Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 100 WP. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan Kuesioner, Wawancara, dan Dokumentasi. Analisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: (a) Pelayanan Fiskus tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel Kepatuhan WP; (b) Pelayanan Perpajakan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel Kepatuhan WP; (c) Variabel Pelayanan Fiskus dan Pelayanan Perpajakan secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepatuhan WP. Saran-saran penelitian: (a) Sosialisasi media penyampaian SPT dan penyuluhan perpajakan harus ditingkatkan agar semua WP mengetahui bahwa mereka memiliki pilihan-pilihan dan kemudahan dalam menyampaikan SPT; (b) Petugas Pajak harus Lebih Proaktif dan Komunikatif kepada para WP; (c) menerapkan reward dan punishment kepada WP sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku; (d) Variabel Pelayanan Fiskus dan Pelayanan Perpajakan secara simultan memiliki kontribusi pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan WP yang terbilang kecil yaitu hanya 16,7 persen. Oleh karena itu bagi penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk meneliti beberapa faktor lain, misalnya adalah pemahaman terhadap sistem self assessment, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat penghasilan, sanksi perpajakan, atau karena faktor sikap, norma subyektif, dan kontrol perilaku yang dipersepsikan.

Personal votes, electoral competitiveness of parties, and legislative representation in Taiwan under SNTV

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Jinhyeok Jang ◽  
Nick C. N. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
District Level ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Electoral Institutions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Party Line ◽  
Extreme Direction ◽  
Electoral Rule ◽  
Legislative Representation

AbstractWe advance the literature on electoral institutions and legislative representation by investigating legislators’ position taking strategies in Taiwan under the single non-transferable voting period. Existing research largely assumes that representatives elected from the same electoral rule behave similarly. We challenge this conventional understanding by arguing that legislators in multi-member districts (MMDs) tend to move toward the extreme direction from the party line if they come from districts where their party is less competitive. This pattern of legislative representation allows them to appeal to partisan voters, as lowering one's partisan profile can be too costly in such districts. On the contrary, those who are elected from strong partisan districts are expected to deviate from the party toward the moderate direction. Given a solid partisan foundation in these districts, these legislators may target voters across party lines. Our analysis covering the entire period of MMD elections after Taiwan's democratization (1992–2008) provides robust empirical evidence to our theoretical claim. Our findings, therefore, shed lights for future studies on the intertwining nature between electoral systems, district level factors, and legislative representation.

Condom migration resulting from circumcision, microbicides and vaccines: brief review and methodological considerations

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Crosby ◽  
JaNelle Ricks ◽  
April Young
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
English Language ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cumulative Index ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Biomedical Interventions

Objective: To provide an updated review of condom migration as a means of highlighting methodological issues for future studies of this behavioural issue. Methods: Electronic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were carried out in October 2010 and updated in January 2011 for English-language articles published from 1994 onward. Results:Evidence addressing condom migration from microbicides and vaccines is vastly underdeveloped, simply because these products are still experimental. In contrast, the more advanced evidence regarding male circumcision is hopeful because it suggests that migration may not be an overwhelming issue. Nonetheless, the entire body of empirical evidence on this question could be substantially expanded and improved. Conclusion: Until stronger evidence suggests that condom migration is unlikely, it is important to be mindful of the potential for condom migration to occur in response to biomedical interventions (circumcision, microbicides and vaccines).

scholarly journals A3T-GCN: Attention Temporal Graph Convolutional Network for Traffic Forecasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Jiandong Bai ◽  
Jiawei Zhu ◽  
Yujiao Song ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Zhixiang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Technological Problem ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Forecasting ◽  
Temporal Graph

Accurate real-time traffic forecasting is a core technological problem against the implementation of the intelligent transportation system. However, it remains challenging considering the complex spatial and temporal dependencies among traffic flows. In the spatial dimension, due to the connectivity of the road network, the traffic flows between linked roads are closely related. In the temporal dimension, although there exists a tendency among adjacent time points, the importance of distant time points is not necessarily less than that of recent ones, since traffic flows are also affected by external factors. In this study, an attention temporal graph convolutional network (A3T-GCN) was proposed to simultaneously capture global temporal dynamics and spatial correlations in traffic flows. The A3T-GCN model learns the short-term trend by using the gated recurrent units and learns the spatial dependence based on the topology of the road network through the graph convolutional network. Moreover, the attention mechanism was introduced to adjust the importance of different time points and assemble global temporal information to improve prediction accuracy. Experimental results in real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed A3T-GCN. We observe the improvements in RMSE of 2.51–46.15% and 2.45–49.32% over baselines for the SZ-taxi and Los-loop, respectively. Meanwhile, the Accuracies are 0.95–89.91% and 0.26–10.37% higher than the baselines for the SZ-taxi and Los-loop, respectively.

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