scholarly journals Effect of Ratio in Ammonium Nitrate on the Structural, Microstructural, Magnetic, and AC Conductivity Properties of BaFe12O19

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raba’ah Azis ◽  
Nor Che Muda ◽  
Jumiah Hassan ◽  
Abdul Shaari ◽  
Idza Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ac Conductivity ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Barium Hexaferrite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Sample Ratio

This paper investigates the effect of the ratio of ammonium nitrate (AN) on the structural, microstructural, magnetic, and alternating current (AC) conductivity properties of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19). The BaFe12O19 were prepared by using the salt melt method. The samples were synthesized using different powder-to-salt weight ratio variations (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6 and 1:7) of BaCO3 + Fe2O3 and ammonium nitrate salt. The NH4NO3 was melted on a hot plate at 170 °C. A mixture of BaCO3 and Fe2O3 were added into the NH4NO3 melt solution and stirred for several hours using a magnetic stirrer under a controlled temperature of 170 °C. The heating temperature was then increased up to 260 °C for 24 hr to produce an ash powder. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results show the intense peak of BaFe12O19 for all the samples and the presence of a small amount of the impurity Fe2O3 in the samples, at a ratio of 1:5 and 1:6. From the Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra, the band appears at 542.71 cm − 1 and 432.48 cm − 1 , which corresponding to metal–oxygen bending and the vibration of the octahedral sites of BaFe12O19. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images show that the grains of the samples appear to stick each other and agglomerate at different masses throughout the image with the grain size 5.26, 5.88, 6.14, 6.22, and 6.18 µm for the ratios 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7 respectively. From the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis, the magnetic properties of the sample ratio at 1:3 show the highest value of coercivity Hc of 1317 Oe, a saturation magnetization Ms of 91 emu/g, and a remnant Mr of 44 emu/g, respectively. As the temperature rises, the AC conductivity is increases with an increase in frequency.

scholarly journals Production of Triacetin by Microwave Assisted Esterification of Glycerol Using Activated Natural Zeolite

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Marwan ◽  
Eti Indarti ◽  
Darmadi Darmadi ◽  
Wahyu Rinaldi ◽  
Dzikri Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Triacetin, an alternative biodiesel additive, was prepared by esterification of glycerol with acetic acid in the presence of chemically activated natural zeolite. The esterification was carried out in a small reaction flask under microwave irradiation. The catalyst was characterized for its morphology by SEM and its chemical composition by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph indicates improved surface area of the zeolite, while the XRD analysis shows an increase in Si/Al ratio from natural zeolite to 6.042 and its crystallinity value of 12.23%. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis obtained showed that microwave-heated samples have an esters group spectrum of triacetin at 1702 cm-1. The conversion value of glycerol was more than 95% at molar ratio of the reactants 1:9 and catalyst loading of 3%. The selectivities for monoacetin, diacetin and triacetin were 80.1%, 15.4%, and 4.5% at 60 minutes, and 43.0%, 48.6%, and 8.3% at 90 minutes. It shows that the conversion took place in consecutive steps and the use of microwave allows the reaction proceeding at milder condition. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SULFOBORATE GLASSES CONTAINING MAGNESIUM OXIDE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Dalhatu ◽  
R. Hussin ◽  
Karim Deraman
Keyword(s):  
Molar Volume ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Amorphous Nature ◽  
Quenching Method ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Glass Compositions

Magnesium sulfoborate glasses of different compositions were prepared using melt quenching method with the purpose of using it for optical properties. The Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) have been carried out. Density and molar volume have been evaluated and analysed. From the results of XRD, the absent of discrete and continuous sharp peaks confirmed the amorphous nature of the glass compositions while the results from both FTIR and NMR revealed the existence of BO3, BO4 units. Addition of MgO to sulfoborate influenced the conversion of the dominant BO3 groups to BO4 groups. The BO4 groups are known for creating complex defects that transform into that stable trap good for optical phenomena. It was observed that the density of glass increases while the molar volume is decreases with respect to increase in concentration of alkaline earth oxide in the glass compositions.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

PENGGUNAAN TiO2 PARTIKEL NANO HASIL SINTESIS BERBASIS AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODA SOL-GEL PADA BAHAN KAPAS SEBAGAI APLIKASI UNTUK TEKSTIL ANTI UV

Arena Tekstil ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Komalasari ◽  
Bambang Sunendar
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Scanning Electron

Partikel nano TiO2 berbasis air dengan pH basa telah berhasil disintesis dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel dan diimobilisasi pada kain kapas dengan menggunakan kitosan sebagai zat pengikat silang. Sintesis dilakukan  dengan prekursor TiCl4 pada konsentrasi 0,3 M, 0,5 M dan 1 M, dan menggunakan templat kanji dengan proses kalsinasi pada suhu 500˚C selama 2 jam. Partikel nano TiO2 diaplikasikan ke kain kapas dengan metoda pad-dry-cure dan menggunakan kitosan sebagai crosslinking agent. Berdasarkan hasil Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),diketahui bahwa morfologi partikel TiO2 berbentuk spherical dengan ukuran nano (kurang dari 100 nm). Karakterisasi X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya tiga tipe struktur kristal utama, yaitu (100), (101) dan (102) dengan fasa kristal yang terbentuk adalah anatase dan rutile. Pada karakterisasi menggunakan SEM terhadap serbuk dari TiO2 yang telah diaplikasikan ke permukaan kain kapas, terlihat adanya imobilisasi partikel nano TiO2 melalui ikatan hidrogen silang dengan kitosan pada kain kapas. Hasil analisa tersebut kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) yang hasilnya memperlihatkan puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 3495 cm-1, 2546 cm-1, dan 511 cm-1,  yang masing-masing diasumsikan sebagai adanya vibrasi gugus fungsi O-H, N-H dan Ti-O-Ti. Hasil SEM menunjukkan pula bahwa kristal nano yang terbentuk diantaranya adalah fasa rutile , yang berdasarkan literatur terbukti dapatberfungsi sebagai anti UV.

A study on using expanded perlite with hydroxyapatite: Reinforced bio-composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199656
Author(s):  
Erdoğan Karip ◽  
Mehtap Muratoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

People are exposed to different kinds of diseases or various accidents in life. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely employed for bone treatment applications. In this study, HA was extracted from sheep bones. Bio-composites were doped with 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of expanded perlite and 5 wt.% of ZrO2–MgO-P2O5. The bio-composites were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing method (250 MPa) and sintered at 900°C for 1 h. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the bio-composites, microhardness, density, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were carried out on them. Additionally, the specimens whose characteristics were determined were kept in synthetic body fluid (SBF), and their in vitro behavior was examined. As a result, it was observed that microhardness increased as both the weight and the grain size of the expanded perlite were increased. Calcium silicate, tri-calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite were observed in the XRD analysis of all samples, and the formation of apatite structures was increased by addition of ZrO2–MgO–P2O5.

scholarly journals Influence of the Presence of Different Alkali Cations and the Amount of Fe(CN)6 Vacancies on CO2 Adsorption on Copper Hexacyanoferrates

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svensson ◽  
Grins ◽  
Eklöf ◽  
Eriksson ◽  
Wardecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alkali Cations ◽  
Prussian Blue Analogue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Adsorption Capability

The CO2 adsorption on various Prussian blue analogue hexacyanoferrates was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. Compositions of prepared phases were verified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, infra-red spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The influence of different alkali cations in the cubic Fm3m structures was investigated for nominal compositions A2/3Cu[Fe(CN)6]2/3 with A = vacant, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs. The Rb and Cs compounds show the highest CO2 adsorption per unit cell, 3.3 molecules of CO2 at 20 C and 1 bar, while in terms of mmol/g the Na compound exhibits the highest adsorption capability, 3.8 mmol/g at 20 C and 1 bar. The fastest adsorption/desorption is exhibited by the A-cation free compound and the Li compound. The influence of the amount of Fe(CN)6 vacancies were assessed by determining the CO2 adsorption capabilities of Cu[Fe(CN)6]1/2 (Fm3m symmetry, nominally 50% vacancies), KCu[Fe(CN)6]3/4 (Fm3m symmetry, nominally 25% vacancies), and CsCu[Fe(CN)6] (I-4m2 symmetry, nominally 0% vacancies). Higher adsorption was, as expected, shown on compounds with higher vacancy concentrations.

The Characteristic Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite Powders Synthesized from CaCO3 Refined from Oyster Shell and H3PO4

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
Hye Sung Kim ◽  
Su Chak Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) powders is synthesized using the mixed powders of CaCO3 refined from oyster shells and phosphoric acid (H3PO4-98%, Daejung) as starting materials. The characteristic evaluation and chemical analysis of the synthesized powders is performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES). XRD analysis of synthetic powder by heat treatment at 1300°C for 2hrs shows only HAp peaks corresponding to stoichiometric HAp. It is confirmed by ICP-AES test that impurities such as Zn, In, Ti, Ba, Cd, Pb, and Mn, is not detected at all, but small amounts of Ti and Be is observed (0.099ppm Ti and 0.002ppm Ba). Variation of bone density is measured by giving medication of HAp powder with drinking water into human body continuously for three month. After the medication, the bone density is higher than the medication before. This means that HAp powder made from this process can be used as improver of bone density.

Study of the distribution of the molecular orientation in thick polyethylene samples by X-ray diffraction, infra-red dichroism and Raman spectroscopy

Polymer ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (24) ◽  
pp. 5029-5037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude-Paul Lafrance ◽  
Paul Chabot ◽  
Marie Pigeon ◽  
Robert E Prud'homme ◽  
Michel Pézolet
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red

Difference thermal analysis of crystalline solids by the use of energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Eisenreich ◽  
W. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
High Or Low Temperature

A method is described to study the structural behavior of solids subjected to various temperature programs. The instrumentation consists of a high- or low-temperature device, a temperature programmer, a system for energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction and a data processing and storing unit and allows the fully automatic acquisition of series of spectra. A strong data reduction is performed by summing up difference diagrams. Plotting the resulting values versus temperature yields curves comparable to those obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or thermal gravimetry (TG). A kinetic evaluation as used in the case of DSC or TG curves is possible. The method was applied to study the thermal behavior of a mixture of ammonium nitrate with zinc oxide. The curves indicate the strong anisotropic thermal expansion of the ammonium nitrate phase IV below 323 K, its transition to phase II at 325–329 K and the solid-state reaction with zinc oxide within the temperature interval of 353–383 K.

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