Influence of Different Modifiers on Bonding Strength and Rheological Performance of Bitumen Emulsion

Styrene butadiene rubber latex (SBR), waterborne epoxy adhesive (WE) and colloidal silica sol (SiO2) were used to prepare modified bitumen emulsion for cold mix asphalt. The modification effects of the individual modifiers and the combination of these modifiers were investigated by using bonding strength and dynamic shear rheological property. Test results showed that the modifier dosage helped to balance the performance of modified bitumen emulsion by improving its bonding strength without compromising its rheological properties. The critical dosage at which the peak bonding strength occurred was 4%, 12% and 4% for SBR, WE and SiO2 respectively. Improved rheological performance on the master curves was well distinguished, in particular, by increased complex modulus and reduced phase angle at the low frequency region. Abrupt changes, especially on phase angle occurred when the modifier dosage was beyond 12%. The measured ratio between bonding strength and complex shear modulus could vary ranging from 10−2 to 102. Highly-modified bitumen emulsion with good adhesion, rheology and compatibility can be prepared by using the combination of SBR, WE and SiO2. It is important to carefully select the type and dosage of modifier for a particular combination to optimize the performance of modified bitumen emulsion.

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Effect of Phenolic Resin on the Rheological and Morphological Characteristics of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber-Modified Asphalt

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13245836 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 5836

Author(s):

Peifeng Cheng ◽

Yiming Li ◽

Zhanming Zhang

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Resin ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Chemical System ◽

Temperature Deformation ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Rheological Performance

To improve the thermal-aging stability and rheological performance of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)-modified asphalt, phenolic resin (PF) was introduced in the process of preparing SBR-modified asphalt by melt blending. The effect of PF and SBR on the high and low-temperature rheological performance of the asphalt binder before and after aging was evaluated by a temperature and frequency sweep using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and fluorescence microscopy (FM) were used to further investigate the effect of PF and SBR on the thermal stability and morphological characteristics of the asphalt binder. The results showed that the addition of PF can enhance the high-temperature deformation resistance and short-term aging resistance of SBR-modified asphalt. Moreover, PF and SBR form an embedded network structure within the asphalt binder and alleviate the deterioration of the polymer during the aging process. Compared with SBR-modified asphalt, the chemical system of composite-modified asphalt is more stable, and it can remain stable with an aging time of less than 5 h.

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Rheological Characteristics of Residue Binder from Low Penetration Grade Bitumen Emulsion

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.509.328 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 509 ◽

pp. 328-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guang Ji Xu ◽

Mei Zhu Chen ◽

Shao Peng Wu ◽

Martin Van de Ven ◽

Steven Mookhoek

Keyword(s):

Phase Angle ◽

Large Range ◽

Complex Modulus ◽

Rheological Characteristics ◽

Curing Process ◽

Master Curves ◽

Recovery Method ◽

Stabilization Process ◽

Bitumen Emulsion ◽

Three Stages

In this study, residue binders from low penetration grade bitumen emulsions were investigated on the basis of rheology and were compared to the neat bitumen binders of which they were produced. The recovery method proposed by EN 13074 (including both recovery and stabilization process at moderate temperatures) was selected to obtain the residue binders used in the analysis, and the corresponding neat binders were treated the same for comparison. The rheological properties of residue binder from low penetration grade bitumen emulsion were evaluated using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). During the curing process, three stages were divided, and master curves of complex modulus and phase angle were constructed to allow comparison of the residue binder over a large range of frequencies for each stage. The results showed that the complex modulus increases while the phase angle decreases with curing process for the residues, indicating a better performance in terms of elasticity and stiffness.

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The Effect of Network Formation on the Rheological Properties of SBR Modified Asphalt Binders

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538430 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 256-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yong-Joon Lee ◽

Lawrence M. France ◽

Martin C. Hawley

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Network Formation ◽

Complex Modulus ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Global Network ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Local Networks

Abstract Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was used to modify asphalt binders. The rheological and thermo-mechanical properties of the binders were investigated using rotational viscometry, dynamic shear rheometry, and thermal mechanical analysis. The optimum SBR content and mixing procedure were determined based on the rheological properties of the asphalt/SBR blends. The addition of 3–5% (w/w) SBR resulted in enhanced high temperature performance of the binders. The SBR progresses from a dispersed polymer to local networks to a global network with increasing SBR content. This phenomenon is exhibited in rheological properties such as complex modulus and melt viscosity. It is also verified visually by using a Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope. Because of this network formation, the binders showed a large increase in the complex modulus which indicates resistance to rutting.

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Empirical Models for the Viscoelastic Complex Modulus with an Application to Rubber Friction

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114831 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4831

Author(s):

Marco Furlan Tassara ◽

Kyriakos Grigoriadis ◽

Georgios Mavros

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Testing ◽

Complex Modulus ◽

Loss Modulus ◽

Friction Model ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Robust Fitting ◽

Rubber Friction ◽

Wide Range ◽

Bell Functions

Up-to-date predictive rubber friction models require viscoelastic modulus information; thus, the accurate representation of storage and loss modulus components is fundamental. This study presents two separate empirical formulations for the complex moduli of viscoelastic materials such as rubber. The majority of complex modulus models found in the literature are based on tabulated dynamic testing data. A wide range of experimentally obtained rubber moduli are used in this study, such as SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), reinforced SBR with filler particles and typical passenger car tyre rubber. The proposed formulations offer significantly faster computation times compared to tabulated/interpolated data and an accurate reconstruction of the viscoelastic frequency response. They also link the model coefficients with critical sections of the data, such as the gradient of the slope in the storage modulus, or the peak values in loss tangent and loss modulus. One of the models is based on piecewise polynomial fitting and offers versatility by increasing the number of polynomial functions used to achieve better fitting, but with additional pre-processing time. The other model uses a pair of logistic-bell functions and provides a robust fitting capability and the fastest identification, as it requires a reduced number of parameters. Both models offer good correlations with measured data, and their computational efficiency was demonstrated via implementation in Persson’s friction model.

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RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER MODIFIED BITUMEN BINDER

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.9503 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (7-2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Haryati Yaacob ◽

Moazzam Ali Mughal ◽

Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽

Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽

Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Modulus ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Great Influence ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Complex Shear Modulus ◽

Modified Bitumen ◽

Rotational Viscometer ◽

Complex Shear ◽

Styrene Butadiene

The study investigates the rheological properties of bitumen of 60-70 penetration grade modified with Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR). SBR is an elastomer which is an important sort of synthetic rubber. It is a copolymer whose molecular structure primarily consists of organic compound styrene and butadiene chain. Bitumen is visco-elastic in nature. The rate of load application and temperature has a great influence on its performance. Various fundamental properties of bitumen were evaluated, namely complex shear modulus (G*), short-term ageing, long-term ageing, viscosity, penetration and softening point by using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT), Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV), Rotational Viscometer (RV), Penetrometer and Ring and Ball Test, respectively. The binders were mixed with varying percentage of SBR i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% by the weight of bitumen binder. The use of SBR has played an active role in improving the viscoelastic properties of bitumen. The use of SBR modifier changes the rheological behavior of bitumen by increasing its complex shear modulus (G*) and the resistance of mixture against permanent deformation (rutting). It was also found that increasing the content of SBR led to the increase in viscosity of modified bitumen, which helps in elevating the mixing and compaction temperature of asphalt mixtures.

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Effect of Short Term Aging on Unmodified and Local Crumb Rubber (LCR) Modified Bitumen

Quaid-e-Awam University Research Journal of Engineering, Science & Technology ◽

10.52584/qrj.1802.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (02) ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

Muhammad Saad Waheed ◽

Manzoor Elahi

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Phase Angle ◽

Complex Modulus ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Dynamic Shear ◽

Short Term ◽

Modified Bitumen ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Effects Of Aging

Two grades of bitumen, (60/70 and 80/100), were modified by addition of Local Crumb Rubber (LCR) by weight of base bitumen. To investigate the effects of short-term aging on modified and LCR modified bitumen, Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) test was used to simulate the short term aging. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was used to assess the rheological properties of bitumen, both before and after aging. It was observed that at 65 degree Celcius on aging, the phase angle (sigma) of unmodified bitumen decreased by 3 and 4% for 60/70 and 80/100 bitumen respectively; whereas, for 60/70 LCR modified bitumen, the phase angle (sigma) on RTFO aging decreased by 7% for all LCR content (10, 15 and 20%) by weight of base bitumen. However, on RTFO aging (sigma), values for LCR modified 80/100 bitumen varied across different LCR content and could not be generalized. The complex modulus |G*| of LCR modified 60/70 bitumen increased on aging for both modified and unmodified bitumen at 65C, but with the increase in LCR content, the difference between bitumen aged and un-aged values of |G*| was considerably lowered. An interesting finding was for 80/100 bitumen modified with 20% LCR content by weight, which showed a reduction in |G*| values and an increase in (sigma) values on aging. This shows that to some extent, LCR compensates for the stiffening effects of aging.

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Analysis of Mechanical Performance of Bitumen Modified with Waste Plastic and Rubber Additives by Rheology and Self Diffusion NMR Experiments

Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal ◽

10.18321/ectj864 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 235 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P. Caputo ◽

M. Porto ◽

V. Loise ◽

B. Teltayev ◽

C. Oliviero Rossi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Performance ◽

Spin Echo ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Modified Bitumen ◽

Waste Plastic ◽

Self Diffusion ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Styrene Butadiene

In this study, the mechanical and physico-chemical properties of a new kind of modified bitumen are presented. The bituminous binders have been modified in order to understand the effect on the structural properties of several compounds such as a Polymer elastomer as Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), Polymer thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) and a waste plastic (Waste PP). Laboratory tests have been focused on the characterization of bitumen modified with single product and their binary combinations compared with pristine binder as a reference. Characterization has been conducted by using conventional as well as advanced methods on bitumens. Fundamental rheological tests, based on dynamic shear rheometer in the temperature range from -30 °C to +160 °C have been performed and the structure of a bitumens and modified bitumens has been analysed by the mobility of the oily maltene by self-diffusion Pulsed field gradient spin-echo (PGSE) FT-NMR experiments.

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Investigation on Preparation and Performance of Micro-Powder Rubber Modified Asphalt

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.351 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 620-622 ◽

pp. 351-354

Author(s):

Cong Hui Liu ◽

Shao Peng Wu ◽

Hong Wang ◽

Yuan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Storage Stability ◽

Complex Modulus ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

The Difference ◽

And Performance ◽

High And Low Temperatures ◽

Soft Point

One micro-powder rubber (styrene butadiene rubber-SBR) at three concentration levels are used for manufacturing polymer modified asphalt with a mixing technique. The effects of concentration of modifiers and mixing temperature on the mechanical properties of the compounds are investigated. Based on a limited study, test results indicate that micro-powder rubbers have positive effect on the performance of asphalt in low temperature. Soft point, penetration and ductility show that the ideal percentage of rubber additive (7 wt. %) and preparing temperature (210°C) are brought forward. The fluorescence microscopy test indicates that rubbers are homogeneous dispersed in asphalt and have a little dissolving at the surface of the ultra-fine rubbers. The difference between soft point values in the high temperature storage stability test is only 0.2~0.5°C, which proves that modified asphalts have good storage stability. Complex modulus master curves are drawn to analyze and compare the rheological properties of various modified asphalts. Results indicate that modified asphalt binders have more excellent properties at both high and low temperatures, compared with original asphalt.

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Interaction and Molecular Weight Distribution Behavior in Polymer Blends of Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber and Bitumen

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.973 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 168-170 ◽

pp. 973-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

You Qing Jiang ◽

Yun Bo Zhang

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Polymer Blends ◽

Molecular Weight Distribution ◽

Weight Distribution ◽

Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Modified Bitumen ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Distribution Behavior

Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) modified bitumen had improved properties in softening points, ductility, and aging resistance. It is due to variation of molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the product made during the blending between SBR and bitumen. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analytical results indicated interaction in polymer blends that bitumen macromolecular chain biting and chemical forces as well as intermolecular recombination formed new bitumen polymer blends.

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