scholarly journals Empirical Models for the Viscoelastic Complex Modulus with an Application to Rubber Friction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4831
Author(s):  
Marco Furlan Tassara ◽  
Kyriakos Grigoriadis ◽  
Georgios Mavros
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Robust Fitting ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bell Functions

Up-to-date predictive rubber friction models require viscoelastic modulus information; thus, the accurate representation of storage and loss modulus components is fundamental. This study presents two separate empirical formulations for the complex moduli of viscoelastic materials such as rubber. The majority of complex modulus models found in the literature are based on tabulated dynamic testing data. A wide range of experimentally obtained rubber moduli are used in this study, such as SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), reinforced SBR with filler particles and typical passenger car tyre rubber. The proposed formulations offer significantly faster computation times compared to tabulated/interpolated data and an accurate reconstruction of the viscoelastic frequency response. They also link the model coefficients with critical sections of the data, such as the gradient of the slope in the storage modulus, or the peak values in loss tangent and loss modulus. One of the models is based on piecewise polynomial fitting and offers versatility by increasing the number of polynomial functions used to achieve better fitting, but with additional pre-processing time. The other model uses a pair of logistic-bell functions and provides a robust fitting capability and the fastest identification, as it requires a reduced number of parameters. Both models offer good correlations with measured data, and their computational efficiency was demonstrated via implementation in Persson’s friction model.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact on the Mechanical Properties of Modification of Oligohydroxyethers in Organic Solvent Solution with Rubbers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Vitalii Bezgin ◽  
Agata Dudek ◽  
Adam Gnatowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposes and presents the chemical modification of linear hydroxyethers (LHE) with different molecular weights (380, 640, and 1830 g/mol) with the addition of three types of rubbers (polysulfide rubber (PSR), polychloroprene rubber (PCR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)). The main purpose of choosing this type of modification and the materials used was the possibility to use it in industrial settings. The modification process was conducted for a very wide range of modifier additions (rubber) per 100 g LHE. The materials obtained in the study were subjected to strength tests in order to determine the effect of the modification on functional properties. Mechanical properties of the modified materials were improved after the application of the modifier (rubber) to polyhydroxyether (up to certain modifier content). The most favorable changes in the tested materials were registered in the modification of LHE-1830 with PSR. In the case of LHE-380 and LHE-640 modified in cyclohexanol (CH) and chloroform (CF) solutions, an increase in the values of the tested properties was also obtained, but to a lesser extent than for LHE-1830. The largest changes were registered for LHE-1830 with PSR in CH solution: from 12.1 to 15.3 MPa for compressive strength tests, from 0.8 to 1.5 MPa for tensile testing, from 0.8 to 14.7 MPa for shear strength, and from 1% to 6.5% for the maximum elongation. The analysis of the available literature showed that the modification proposed by the authors has not yet been presented in any previous scientific paper.

scholarly journals Dynamo-mechanical analysis of rubbers with mineral fillers in comparison with fillers widely used in the tire industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 05-13
Author(s):  
Oleg K. Garishin ◽  
◽  
Anton Y. Beliaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Tire Industry ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The work is devoted to the study of nanocomposites based on synthetic (styrene-butadiene) rubber with different fillers not previously used. The issue of using composites with alternative fillers is being investigated. The results of experimental testing and analysis of thermo-visco-elastic behav-ior of styrene-butadiene rubbers filled by various mineral particles of micro and nanosize, as well as pyrolysis products of organic food waste, are presented. The filled elastomers discussed in this work are mainly used in the tire industry to improve the performance of tires. All samples were tested on a dynamo-mechanical analyzer (DMA). Temperature and frequency dependences of the dynamic modulus and loss modulus are plotted for each of the composites. The frequency charac-teristics corresponded to the real range of rotation speeds of the car wheel, and the temperature var-ied from –50 to +50ºC. A comparative analysis of the results obtained was carried out. The struc-tural mechanisms of the filler are not investigated. It is assumed that the principles of operation of the investigated fillers at the structural level are similar to those described in many works for clas-sical fillers. Based on the test results a conclusion about the preferable operating conditions for the considered materials was made.

The Effect of Network Formation on the Rheological Properties of SBR Modified Asphalt Binders

1997 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Joon Lee ◽  
Lawrence M. France ◽  
Martin C. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Local Networks

Abstract Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was used to modify asphalt binders. The rheological and thermo-mechanical properties of the binders were investigated using rotational viscometry, dynamic shear rheometry, and thermal mechanical analysis. The optimum SBR content and mixing procedure were determined based on the rheological properties of the asphalt/SBR blends. The addition of 3–5% (w/w) SBR resulted in enhanced high temperature performance of the binders. The SBR progresses from a dispersed polymer to local networks to a global network with increasing SBR content. This phenomenon is exhibited in rheological properties such as complex modulus and melt viscosity. It is also verified visually by using a Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope. Because of this network formation, the binders showed a large increase in the complex modulus which indicates resistance to rutting.

Preferential Media for Abrasive Flow Machining

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal K. Kar ◽  
N. L. Ravikumar ◽  
Piyushkumar B. Tailor ◽  
J. Ramkumar ◽  
D. Sathiyamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Abrasive Flow Machining ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Good Improvement ◽  
Temperature Shear ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Surface Improvement

The abrasive flow machining (AFM) is used to deburr, radius, polish and remove recast layer of components in a wide range of applications. Material is removed from the workpiece by a flowing semisolid mass across the surface to be finished. In this study a medium for AFM has been developed from the various viscoelastic carriers and has been contrasted through experimental investigation. The viscoelastic media are selected on the basis of existing media through the studies of thermogravimetric analysis and are characterized by mechanical, as well as rheological, properties with the help of a universal testing machine and a rheometer. The performance of the medium is evaluated through the finishing criteria on a two-way AFM setup. The investigation reveals that the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) medium gives a good improvement in surface finish. The surface improvement through SBR media is 88%. It is also found that the strain, temperature, shear rate, time of applied constant stress, cyclic loading, etc. have an impact on the mechanical and rheological properties of the newly developed medium, which are ultimately governed by the performance of the medium in the target applications.

Dynamic Rheological Behaviors of the Bone Scaffold Reinforced by Chitin Fibres

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 2387-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.M. Li ◽  
Qing Ling Feng
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Bone Scaffold ◽  
Rheological Behaviors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yielding Behavior

In this study, a novel bioabsorbable porous bone scaffold reinforced by chitin fibres was prepared, the porosity of which is about 90 % and the pore size is approximately 200µm. The Advanced Rheological Enlarged System (ARES) was used to study the dynamic rheological behaviors of the ropy materials which would be made into the reinforced scaffold. The increase of the fibres’ volume content (Cf) enhanced the complex modulus (G*) and complex viscosity (h*) of the materials, the reason of which is that the fibres formed networks in the materials. When Cf increased from 35 % to 45 %, the storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G’’) curve showed obvious yielding behavior, which indicates that G’ and G’’ of the materials are hardly variable in a wide range. When Cf was more than 35 %, the loss factor (tand) was obviously lower than 1 and the materials exhibited viscoelastic properties, which result in a disadvantage for materials’ processing.

MULTIPLE GLASS TRANSITION TERPOLYMERS OF ISOPRENE, BUTADIENE, AND STYRENE

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel F. Halasa ◽  
Bill B. Gross ◽  
Wen-Liang Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
The One ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Novel polymers that will contribute to a better combination of traction and tread wear in tire applications, which is historically difficult to achieve, have been developed. In this work, multiple viscoelastic polymers possessing multiple glass transition temperatures terpolymers of isoprene/butadiene/styrene were synthesized containing 45/45/10, 40/40/20, and 35/35/30 polymer ratios in 5-gallon laboratory reactors using tetramethylethylenediamine or bis(dipiperdino) ethane as a modifier. These polymers show two glass transition temperatures (Tg's); the one that occurs at higher temperatures (–25 to –10 °C) is known to contribute to good wet traction properties, while the lower Tg is known to contribute to better tread wear properties. These terpolymers were characterized by the fact that their multiviscoelastic loss modulus has narrow molecular distribution for better rolling resistance. In a standard ASTM D31912 carbon-black-filled tread compound recipe, the polymers having all three terpolymers of isoprene/butadiene/styrene polymerized showed excellent values of loss tangent at 0 and 60 ºC, which is a laboratory predictor for both wet traction and rolling resistance. These terpolymers when evaluated in the same ASTM D3191 delivered better properties in a tread compound recipe than either solution or emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber in a formulation that has natural rubber or polybutadiene.

Effect of Carboxylated Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Latex Amount on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Paper Coating Modified with Nanosized Particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1322-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Tang ◽  
You Ming Li ◽  
Guo Xin Xue ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Xiu Mei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Modulus ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Paper Coating ◽  
Carboxylated Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The focus of this study is to investigate the effect of carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex on the dynamic rheologcial properties of paper coating suspensions modified with nanosized particles. The elastic storage modulus G′ and the viscid loss modulus G′′ are used to evaluate the dynamic rheologcial properties of paper coating suspensions. The effects of different amount carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber latex on the flow parameters of paper coating suspensions are comparatively presented. It is shown that the dynamic elastic storage modulus G′ and viscid loss modules G′′ of paper coating suspensions increase with the SBR content change from 13% to 18%. The dynamic rheologcial properties are related to the strength of the network structure of paper coating suspensions. It is also found that the elastic storage modulus G′ of paper coating suspensions is larger than viscid loss modulus G′′, which indicates that paper coating suspensions in this investigation all behave like a viscoelastic solid.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Modifiers on Bonding Strength and Rheological Performance of Bitumen Emulsion

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changluan Pan ◽  
Deqiang Liang ◽  
Liantong Mo ◽  
Martin Riara ◽  
Juntao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Angle ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Rheological Performance

Styrene butadiene rubber latex (SBR), waterborne epoxy adhesive (WE) and colloidal silica sol (SiO2) were used to prepare modified bitumen emulsion for cold mix asphalt. The modification effects of the individual modifiers and the combination of these modifiers were investigated by using bonding strength and dynamic shear rheological property. Test results showed that the modifier dosage helped to balance the performance of modified bitumen emulsion by improving its bonding strength without compromising its rheological properties. The critical dosage at which the peak bonding strength occurred was 4%, 12% and 4% for SBR, WE and SiO2 respectively. Improved rheological performance on the master curves was well distinguished, in particular, by increased complex modulus and reduced phase angle at the low frequency region. Abrupt changes, especially on phase angle occurred when the modifier dosage was beyond 12%. The measured ratio between bonding strength and complex shear modulus could vary ranging from 10−2 to 102. Highly-modified bitumen emulsion with good adhesion, rheology and compatibility can be prepared by using the combination of SBR, WE and SiO2. It is important to carefully select the type and dosage of modifier for a particular combination to optimize the performance of modified bitumen emulsion.

Effect of filler type and composition on the mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of PS/SBR vulcanizate

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Hirra Anjum ◽  
Syed Waqas Ahmad ◽  
Rabia Sharif ◽  
Muhammad Tausif
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Vulcanization ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

Abstract Dynamic vulcanization is an eminent industrial process to enhance the physical, thermal, and rheological properties of polymer composites. The present experimental study comprised the formation of polystyrene (PS) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites using three different types of fillers, namely, kaolin, talc, and rice husk powder (RHP), whereas dicumylperoxide was added as a cross-linking agent. Further, the filler loading was varied from 0 to 20 parts per hundred of resin (phr) for all types (i.e. RHP). The mechanical (i.e. tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength), thermal (i.e. melting point and softening point index), and dynamic mechanical properties of each composite were measured and compared with each other. The results indicate that kaolin-based vulcanizate showed better mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties compared to that of talc and RHP vulcanizate. Furthermore, it can be observed that the mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of PS/SBR vulcanizates are the function of filler loadings for all three types of fillers (i.e. kaolin, talc, and RHP). In addition, high-temperature storage properties (i.e. loss modulus and storage modulus) were also investigated for better design and material optimization. The study may be helpful to the tribological applications in material selection and design.

Effect of Carbon Black Structures towards Heat Build-Up Measurements and its Dynamic Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 1134 ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Ismail Rifdi Rizuan ◽  
Mohammad Azizol Abdul Wahab ◽  
Ahmad Zafir Romli
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Heat Build Up ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different carbon black structures towards heat build-up measurements and its dynamic properties such as tangent delta, loss modulus and storage modulus on the industrial rubber compounds containing Natural Rubber (NR) and Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR). Different carbon black structures were used and characterised with respect to their rheological and physical properties. Heat Build-up test is a testing procedure which is used to measure the rate of heat generated by the rubber vulcanisates when subjected to rapidly oscillating compressive stresses or strain under controlled conditions. It was found that NR compound containing low and high carbon black structures; N375 and N339 produced lower heat generation compared to NR/SBR blends that filled with the same type of carbon black fillers. It shows that NR with low and high carbon black structures exhibits low heat build-up (surface and intrinsic) with a balance of good traction and low rolling resistance for application in tyre.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document